Research Advances in mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing Processes

Jianyao Sun

2025

Abstract

The rapid development and deployment of mRNA vaccines have revolutionized the field of vaccinology, particularly highlighted by their pivotal role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This review systematically explores the technological advancements in mRNA vaccine production, emphasizing key processes such as plasmid DNA (pDNA) preparation, in vitro transcription (IVT), mRNA purification, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation. Innovations in nucleotide modification, codon optimization, and LNP formulation have enhanced mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and delivery precision. Despite these breakthroughs, challenges persist, including scalability limitations, batch variability in IVT and LNP production, intellectual property disputes, and the need for harmonized regulatory frameworks. Emerging delivery systems—such as polymer-based carriers, inorganic nanomaterials, and peptide derivatives—offer promising alternatives to LNPs, potentially improving tissue targeting and reducing immunogenicity. Furthermore, the application of mRNA technology extends beyond infectious diseases to cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement therapies. The review underscores the importance of standardized quality control protocols, sustainable supply chains, and global collaboration to address manufacturing bottlenecks and ensure equitable access. By resolving these challenges, mRNA vaccines are poised to become a cornerstone of 21st-century medicine, offering versatile solutions for evolving health crises.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Sun J. (2025). Research Advances in mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing Processes. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS; ISBN 978-989-758-789-4, SciTePress, pages 458-464. DOI: 10.5220/0014499200004933

in Bibtex Style

@conference{befs25,
author={Jianyao Sun},
title={Research Advances in mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing Processes},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS},
year={2025},
pages={458-464},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0014499200004933},
isbn={978-989-758-789-4},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS
TI - Research Advances in mRNA Vaccine Manufacturing Processes
SN - 978-989-758-789-4
AU - Sun J.
PY - 2025
SP - 458
EP - 464
DO - 10.5220/0014499200004933
PB - SciTePress