Advance of Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries of the Knee

Yuru Wei

2025

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive overview of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in sports involving dynamic movement in terms of epidemiology, diagnostic workup, therapeutic management, and rehabilitation innovation. ACL injury in such sports is classified into partial tears, complete ruptures, and combined injury, with 70–80% caused by non-contact mechanisms due to biomechanical imbalances. Diagnosis is presented in terms of various modalities, namely physical examination (e.g., Lachman test), MRI (gold standard for imaging soft tissue), ultrasound, and X-rays, with a description of their hierarchical use: primary screening through physical examination and X-rays, and MRI confirmation in the majority of instances, with ultrasound for dynamic follow-up in select groups. Treatment is differentiated between surgical (autografts, allografts, artificial ligaments) and conservative (rehabilitation, bracing, new biologics), with surgical reconstruction for active patients and conservative management for elderly or comorbid patients. Rehabilitation protocol outlines phased steps with the use of neuromuscular training, proprioceptive exercises, and new technology in the form of photobiomodulation (PBM) for reducing inflammation and aligning collagen, and surface electromyography (sEMG) feedback for optimal pattern of activation of the muscles. Innovation in the article lies in its tiered diagnostic streamlining, enabling context-specific combinations of imaging modalities (e.g., MRI-ultrasound synergy in pediatric injury), as well as in its focus on new rehabilitation technology for functional optimization. By spanning various disciplines of knowledge, the study delineates the path towards individualized medicine as well as better outcomes for ACL injury, bridging lacunae in early detection, minimally invasive procedures, and individual rehabilitation templates.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Wei Y. (2025). Advance of Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries of the Knee. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS; ISBN 978-989-758-789-4, SciTePress, pages 412-419. DOI: 10.5220/0014494300004933

in Bibtex Style

@conference{befs25,
author={Yuru Wei},
title={Advance of Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries of the Knee},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS},
year={2025},
pages={412-419},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0014494300004933},
isbn={978-989-758-789-4},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Food Science - Volume 1: BEFS
TI - Advance of Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries of the Knee
SN - 978-989-758-789-4
AU - Wei Y.
PY - 2025
SP - 412
EP - 419
DO - 10.5220/0014494300004933
PB - SciTePress