The Effect of Sunspot Activity on Earth's Extreme Climate

Shiyao Xu

2025

Abstract

The eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean experiences an oscillation of winds and sea surface temperatures known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is the most significant signal of inter-annual change in the global climate system. This low-latitude air-sea interaction, manifested in the Southern Oscillation in the atmosphere and the El Nino-La Nina transition in the ocean, has a profound impact on global weather patterns. As an important indicator of solar activity, sunspot activity is closely related to the Earth's climate system and may modulate ENSO events through various ways. The mechanism of sunspot activity affecting ENSO is discussed in this paper. First, the effects of sunspots on the sun, Earth's climate and ENSO are analyzed. In addition, the correlation between the number of sunspots and ONI was also analyzed, further revealing the existence and correlation of this effect. The results are helpful to further understand the formation and development mechanism of ENSO, and provide a new theoretical basis for improving the accuracy of ENSO event prediction.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Xu S. (2025). The Effect of Sunspot Activity on Earth's Extreme Climate. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Applied Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy - Volume 1: IAMPA; ISBN 978-989-758-774-0, SciTePress, pages 546-551. DOI: 10.5220/0013829200004708

in Bibtex Style

@conference{iampa25,
author={Shiyao Xu},
title={The Effect of Sunspot Activity on Earth's Extreme Climate},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Applied Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy - Volume 1: IAMPA},
year={2025},
pages={546-551},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0013829200004708},
isbn={978-989-758-774-0},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Applied Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy - Volume 1: IAMPA
TI - The Effect of Sunspot Activity on Earth's Extreme Climate
SN - 978-989-758-774-0
AU - Xu S.
PY - 2025
SP - 546
EP - 551
DO - 10.5220/0013829200004708
PB - SciTePress