resource creation and organization mode under the
Web 2.0 environment. This type of content usually
includes various forms such as text, images, videos,
audio, etc., and its motivation often comes from the
user's personal interests, needs, or emotional
expression. Its publishing platforms include social
media such as Weibo, blogs, video-sharing websites,
Wikipedia, online Q&A, SNS, etc. (Zhao et al., 2012).
With the rise of social platforms, short video
platforms, and e-commerce platforms, UGC has
gradually become an important part of Internet
content.
2.2 Characteristics of User-Generated
Content
2.2.1 Based on Online Publishing as a
Prerequisite
It emphasizes that the Internet platform provides
space for creators to express and share independently.
Through channels such as social media, blogs,
forums, and video platforms, users can not only
consume content, but also actively participate in
creation, publishing, and dissemination. This form
breaks the traditional one-way dissemination model
of publishing, giving ordinary users the same
expression rights as professional authors, making
content creation more diversified and personalized,
while also promoting the rapid flow and extensive
interaction of information. Therefore, user generated
content focuses more on published content, including
both public websites and social networking sites
targeting specific audiences (Fan et al., 2009).
2.2.2 Innovation
User generated content emphasizes more on the
innovation of the content, as it originates from the
personal creativity and unique perspectives of the vast
number of users. Compared with traditional
professional creation, UGC breaks through the
inherent creative framework, allowing users to create
through various forms such as text, images, videos,
etc. (Romero-Rodriguez & Castillo-Abdul, 2023).
Based on their interests, experiences, and ideas,
showcasing personalized expression methods. It not
only breaks conventions but also has experimental
and exploratory elements, promoting the
diversification of information dissemination. In daily
life, users may reinterpret popular topics from unique
perspectives or creatively depict small details in their
lives. It is precisely because of the novelty of the
content that it attracts widespread attention and
interaction, forming trends and cultural phenomena.
But if one relies solely on copying, reposting, and
uploading content without incorporating their ideas
and creativity, it violates the strict concept of UGC.
So UGC is not only a channel for information
dissemination but also an incubator for creativity and
innovation.
2.2.3 Creation by Nonprofessionals or
Authoritative Organizations
One notable characteristic of user-generated content
(UGC) is that its creators are often nonprofessionals
or nonauthoritative organizations. The generation of
content does not rely on traditional professionals in
the publishing or media industry but rather comes
from ordinary users, enthusiasts, or small groups. Due
to the low threshold for creativity, anyone interested
can participate and share their personal experiences,
perspectives, and ideas. This decentralized creative
approach promotes the diversification of content and
provides more opportunities for people to express and
communicate. On the other hand, UGC is also
breaking the monopoly of authoritative discourse,
allowing different voices and unique perspectives to
be displayed on the platform, and highlighting the
advantages of cultural diversity. From this, it can be
seen that UGC emphasizes the exclusion of
organizational or commercial market involvement in
creation, and should be carried out without any profit
motive or return. The motivation for creation may
include: communicating with peers, establishing
visibility (positive or negative), or a desire for self-
expression (Fan et al., 2009).
In addition, the characteristics of user-generated
content are also reflected in openness, interactivity,
and diversity. First, UGC is highly open. Anyone with
Internet access can participate in content creation and
sharing. Whether it is text, pictures, video, or audio,
universal participation makes content creation no
longer limited to a few professionals. Secondly, UGC
has strong interactivity, allowing users to create
content and comment, like, and share others'
creations, thus forming a dynamic content ecosystem.
Thirdly, UGC content is rich and diverse in form,
covering various fields such as news, entertainment,
education, commentary, and social media.
Correspondingly, the creative methods also vary
according to personal interests, skills, and needs,
presenting a trend of personalization and creativity,
and rapidly spreading through social media and other
platforms, thereby forming a wide social influence.
Due to the diversity of content creators, UGC is also
prone to forming a "grassroots" culture, expressing