self-efficacy was gauged through a standardized
metric. Stress coping strategies were examined in
terms of their orientation. Multiple regression
analyses were conducted to ascertain the extent to
which resilience, sense of coherence, and self-
efficacy influenced different coping styles in
response to stress.
The findings of the study revealed a strong
positive association between self-efficacy and
resilience, indicating that higher levels of self-
efficacy were associated with enhanced resilience.
Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated that
coherence and resilience served as key predictors of
coping strategies. Specifically, coherence was linked
to both distraction and social diversion as avoidance
mechanisms, whereas resilience was uniquely
associated with social diversion. These findings
underscore the role of self-efficacy, resilience, and
coherence as fundamental factors in shaping stress
response patterns among university students.
Strengthening these attributes may facilitate more
adaptive coping strategies, particularly problem-
solving approaches. Moreover, the observed results
align with prior research, reinforcing the importance
of personal psychological resources in effective stress
regulation. However, certain limitations must be
acknowledged. The study's cross-sectional
methodology restricts causal interpretations, and the
reliance on self-reported data introduces potential
biases.
The present study set out with the objective of
exploring the relationship between general self-
efficacy (GSE) and psychological resilience (PR)
among college students during COVD-19 (Zeng et al.,
2016). The study examined the mediating role of
posttraumatic growth (PTG) and the moderating role
of deliberate rumination (DR). A total sample of 881
undergraduate students enrolled in a private college
in Guangdong Province, China, participated in the
study. Participants completed standardized
questionnaires measuring GSE, PTG, PR. GSE was
evaluated using a validated self-efficacy scale, PTG
through an established posttraumatic growth measure,
PR via a recognized resilience scale, and DR with an
event-related rumination inventory. To analyze the
data, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical
regression analyses were applied, investigating the
relationships among GSE, PTG, PR, and DR.
Furthermore, a moderated mediation model was
employed to explore the potential mediating role of
PTG and the moderating effect of DR on these
psychological constructs.
The results showed that GSE positively predicted
PR, suggesting that individuals with higher self-
efficacy are better at handling challenges.
Additionally, PTG partially mediated this
relationship, indicating that self-efficacy fosters
resilience by promoting personal growth. The study
also examined the moderating role of DR. Findings
revealed that DR influenced how GSE impacted PTG
and how PTG affected PR. Specifically, higher
deliberate rumination strengthened the effect of GSE
on PTG but reduced PTG’s effect on PR. This
suggests that while reflection can support growth,
excessive rumination may limit resilience. Overall,
these findings highlight the complex relationship
between self-efficacy, posttraumatic growth,
rumination, and resilience, emphasizing the
importance of fostering self-efficacy to build
resilience, especially during crises like the COVID-
19 pandemic. These findings imply a non-linear
relationship between self-efficacy and resilience,
involving multiple mediating and moderating factors.
Posttraumatic growth serves as a mediating factor,
enabling individuals to reframe adversity into
opportunities for personal development, while
deliberate rumination acts as a moderating factor,
shaping the way individuals process stressful events.
This underscores the multifaceted nature of
resilience-building processes and the importance of
addressing these additional factors in interventions.
Understanding how individuals cope with stress
highlights the diverse components involved in
resilience development. This underscores the need to
consider multiple factors when designing
interventions to enhance resilience. Additionally, the
results align with prior studies that emphasize the
influence of self-efficacy in strengthening resilience,
while also identifying key mediating and moderating
variables. However, the study's cross-sectional
approach limits causal interpretations, and the
reliance on self-reported data introduces potential
bias.
This study explored the relationship between self-
efficacy, resilience, and academic motivation among
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in an
online learning setting during the COVID-19 period
(Abdolrezapour et al., 2023). 120 university students
from two universities in southern Iran participated in
the study. Participants completed self-reported
surveys that assessed their self-efficacy, resilience
levels, and academic motivation.
To analyze these relationships, correlation and
multiple regression analyses were conducted,
exploring how self-efficacy and resilience predict
students' academic motivation in online learning
environment. The results demonstrated a positive
association of self-efficacy, resilience, and academic
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