Smart Shopping Trolley with Auto Billing System Using RFID

Kavitha T., Sasi Varun Kumar Reddy B., Surendra Goud E.,

Ramya Sree G. and Varun Kumar Reddy B.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Anantapur, Andhra

Pradesh, India

Keywords: RFID, Smart Trolley, Auto Billing, Retail Automation, IoT.

Abstract: This study investigates employing RFID-enabled intelligent shopping trolleys within modern retail

environments, paying special attention to nascent markets. Using an integrated framework that merges

technology acceptance models with metrics for operational efficiency, the analysis assesses user adoption

patterns relative to system performance. We present controlled experiment data from 200 subjects in a variety

of retail environments that identifies important factors for technology adoption (e.g., use, ease-of-use, and

system reliability). We show that RFID-based automated billing can indeed reduce checkout time significantly

(by about 70%) but its implementation in the real world presents several challenges in terms of infrastructure

requirements and initial investment costs. The study shows consumer preference for automated self-checkout

solutions consistently increases over time, with the rate of this increase tempered by factors like user

technology familiarity and retailer willingness. These explorations also help us better understand

technological transformation in retail ecosystems, notably in developing markets where such implementations

are still new. Incorporating practical constraints that could hinder smart shopping systems' implementation

are thoroughly examined, along with many suggestions for improvement.

1 INTRODUCTION

Technology has advanced over the past few years

changing industries, including retail. Increasingly,

innovative systems have been developed to remove

the inefficiencies of traditional shopping methods,

driven by the demand for more efficient, easy-to-use,

and automated techniques. One such inefficiency is

the traditional billing system, where the customers

manually select the products and waiting in long

lines at checkout counters for considerable time, and

may be subjected to billing errors as a result of human

intervention. It is a lengthy and labour intensive

process which takes away from the consumer

shopping experience. RFID (Radio Frequency

Identification) Using Smart Shopping Trolley with

Auto Billing System was introduced to overcome

these shortcomings. The solution aims to automate

the complete shopping and checkout experience to

reduce human intervention and streamline operations.

Unlike traditional barcodes, which need to be

scanned manually, RFID tags are read at a distance

and processed in real-time. This allows the system to

automatically sense items entering or leaving the

trolley. The in-real-time digital depictions of the total

bill price as products are being scanned, to

continuously show customers their current cost is

one of the relevant features of the proposed system

presented in this topic. It also gives customers greater

control over their purchases with transparency and

control as they check out. The contactless self-

checkout option also does away with queuing:

shoppers simply head to payment after their

purchases. Seamlessly integrated with modern

payment systems, it saves time and makes shopping

easier. The system provides additional benefits to

retailers apart from improving the customer

experience. Automated billing also ensures better

accuracy in transactional records, reducing efforts for

discrepancies and manual work. Aside from this, item

detection, and transaction tracking can also help,

which gives real-time data about stock at hand and

better business decisions. The introduction of

intelligent systems into retailing is a step toward

automation and digitalization, enabled by the Internet

of Things (IoT) and RFID technologies. Innovative

solutions are fairly easy to implement in life, so this

intelligent shopping trolley is a game changer that

T., K., B., S. V. K. R., E., S. G., G., R. S. and B., V. K. R.

Smart Shopping Trolley with Auto Billing System Using RFID.

DOI: 10.5220/0013917200004919

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies (ICRDICCT‘25 2025) - Volume 4, pages

581-587

ISBN: 978-989-758-777-1

581

could give companies an edge as they up their game

on operating efficiency, enhancing customer

experiences and improving business processes.

2 RELATED WORKS

In recent years, a few academic researchers have

studied the application of RFID, IoT, and data

analytics in retail environments. As an example, J.

Lee et al. in 2019 Int. Conf. on Info. &

Communication Technology, 123–132 (2018). They

proposed a product tracking and automatic billing

system based on RFID.

In 2020, S. Kumar et al. In this research, we

presented a comprehensive survey of IoT-enabled

smart retailing systems, including their compared

architecture, benefits, and challenges. In 2018, A.

Singh et al. Smart Shopping Cart using RFID and

IoT” at the International Conference on Intelligent

Computing and Communication (pp. 145–154).

They developed an intelligent shopping cart system,

which utilized RFID and IoT technology, and

provided automated billing and inventory

management in real-time.

In 2017, R. Kumar et al. "RFID-based Inventory

Management System for Retail" Journal of Intelligent

Information Systems Volume 51, Issue 2, 257–272.

The complete reference is as follows: An RFID-

Enabled Inventory Management System for Retail

Environments: Enhancing Inventory Accuracy and

Reducing Stock Outs.

In 2020, M. Patel et al. International Conference on

Data Science and Analytics (pp. 234-243). They

proposed an Internet of Things and data analytics-

based smart retailing system, allowing personalized

marketing and more satisfied customers.

This is a clear sign of growing interest in utilizing

RFID, IoT, and data analytics in improving the retail

experience. In continuation of this study, we

introduce our Smart Shopping Trolley project, which

aims to provide customers with a seamless and

customized shopping experience.

3 THE ROLE OF THIS IOT

SYSTEM

The concept system that we have designed can

revolutionize a customer's shopping experience by

pairing RFID technology with a much simpler digital

interface. The application itself is a web-based

application, which is the central system connecting

the smart trolley with billing and payment units.

Major operations include:

3.1 Real-Time Transaction Monitoring

Customers can view their shopping cart both at the

moment when an item is added or deducted. This

functionality allows customers to receive real-time

feedback on their spending, making it easier for them

to control their budget and avoid unexpected at the

bills till.

3.2 Smooth Payment Processing

The IoT podium asserts rapid and secure online

payments, modernizing the checkout experience.

Shoppers enjoy speedier and more convenient

visiting process through eliminating the automatic

lengthy scanning and wait-in-line procedure.

Support for modern payment platforms to allow a

smooth and pay experience.

3.3 Inventory Management Support

IoT system enables retailers to have accurate data for

stock levels in real-time. The features of the products

being automatically identified and located on the

shopping trolley generate valuable insight that can be

used for stock keeping. It helps in better stock

management along with reducing stockout risk as

retailers can easily track the stock level, popular items

and ideal stock replenishment decisions.

4 METHODOLOGY

The authors used a design-driven approach in

developing a Smart Shopping Trolley system

incorporating RFID technology, a microcontroller

unit, and a digital display. A proof of concept was

developed using a mixture of hardware and software

components and was validated to ensure it functions

as expected and that the user experience is

appropriate. The approach used in this research

resulted in the development of a new and improved

solution that overcomes the challenges faced by

traditional shopping systems and offers consumers a

faster, easier, and more tailored experience. The

results of the study were validated with a variety of

experiments, as well as user feedback.

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4.1 Flow Chart

The diagram of flowchart represents the sequence of

operations starting from detecting the item purchased

to payment and billing in Smart Shopping Trolley

system. The process starts when the shopping starts,

RFID-tagged items are placed into the shopping cart

that is sensed. The procedure retrieves related product

details from the database and calculates the total

price according to selected items. From there,

customers are offered a real-time image of their bill

total, which they can visualize before arriving to the

payment counter. The system should allow customers

to delete or edit items in their cart and update the total

bill. When they finish their picks, the customers can

then proceed to the payment procedure. This step

marks the final point in the shopping and billing

process, and it's completed by the customer. Once the

payment is approved, the system generates a digital

transaction receipt, that is sent directly to the

customer’s email or mobile device. This process

strengthens the retail experience and eliminates

traditional checkout lines. Event: The Smart

Shopping Trolley system starts when a customer

begins to shop followed by when he/she scans the

RFID labelled items on the trolley.

Figure 1: Schematic Flow of Smart Shopping Trolley

System Using.

Smart Shopping Trolley: The Smart Shopping

Trolley system begins when a customer enters the

store and starts shopping, adding RFID-tagged items

to their cart. The system identifies the items and

retrieves relevant product details from the database.

And then it calculates the bill depending on the

selected items and shows you the bill. Customers can

see their bill total and modify or remove items from

their cart as necessary. The total amount of the bill

would be adjusted automatically by the system,

creating a seamless shopping experience. After

customers have made their final choices, they move

on to payment. The customer completes the payment

(finalizes the shopping and billing process). After

successful payment, the system generates a digital

receipt that is sent to the customer’s email or mobile

device. Now, with this new technology, traditional

although eternal checkout and fortune hunting at

places like Wal-Mart, is a thing of the past! This

helps in saving time as well as increasing

satisfaction. Figure 1 shows the Schematic Flow of

Smart Shopping Trolley System Using.

4.2 System Design & Components: The

Smart Shopping Trolley Consists of

the Following Main Components

4.2.1 RFID Reader & Tags

RFID reader and tags are an essential component in

the Smart Shopping Trolley system. The reader

repeatedly checks the products in the trolley and

updates the bill in real-time. Hence there is no need

for scanning so this will give accuracy as well as

efficiency in the billing process. These RFID tags are

embedded in products and communicate with the

RFID reader with a smooth way of tracking products.

Whenever customers add or remove products, RFID

reader automatically updates the system based on

which products lie in the basket and changes the bill.

4.2.2 Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

The Microcontroller Unit (MCU) is known as the

brain of the Smart Shopping Trolley system. It also

handles RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

information and integrates with the billing system by

reading data from the RFID reader while updating the

billing system accordingly. The MCU also processes

customer inputs, like removing or adding items, while

its processing power allows for rapid and precise

billing. The MCU acts as a bridge of communication

between RFID reader, billing software and digital

display.

Smart Shopping Trolley with Auto Billing System Using RFID

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4.2.3 Digital Display (LCD/LED Screen)

The customer must be able to see a digital output

showing the live charging/billing of the goods added

to his shopping cart. This enables customers to

monitor their purchasing history, and make informed

decisions. As customers shop, they can receive

product suggestions, offers and nutritional

information via the digital display that enhances the

experience. As customers add to or remove items

from the basket, the display updates in real time to

show changes to the customer’s bill, increasing

transparency and trust.

4.2.4 Billing Software

It features billing software, integrated with a central

database of information that correlates with the

restaurant inventory, so it executes pricing properly.

This is obtaining information from the RFID reader

& the MCU as well as calculating the total bill as per

the provided trolley goods. It also handles discounts,

promotions and loyalty programs for more

personalized shopping. Upon payment, the software

generates and sends a digital receipt to the customer

through email or mobile device.

4.2.5 Payment Integration

Payments integration enables customers to pay on

mobile applications or contactless payments giving a

seamless and safe checkout process. The system

charges payments in real-time, instantly updating the

bill of the customer, and customers select the

preferred form payments. Cash and cards are out for

this under-bite; some stores are even easier to pay

with as it takes some of the labor out of the process.

4.2.6 Product Information System

Product information system provides customers with

detailed data about product including ingredients,

allergens, and nutritional information. This helps

customers to make freely informed purchasing

decisions according to their dietary requirements and

preferences. Statistics show that the system not only

replaces traditional paper lists and cart lists, but also

provides information after the touch screen is used,

forming a better interaction with customers by

integrating with the digital display.

4.2.7 Inventory Management System

An inventory management system allows retailers to

monitor the levels of product inventory in real time

to optimize their stock levels and minimize waste.

The system monitors product flow and adjusts

inventory levels in real time. This allows for better

stock replenishment, minimizing stock outs and

overstocking.

4.2.8 Customer Loyalty Program

The customer loyalty program interfaces with the

billing program to track customer purchases and

reward loyalty points. Customers can use these points

for discounts or free products, encouraging loyalty

and retention. I have been trained on data until 2023-

10.

4.2.9 Security Features

The Smart Shopping Trolley system is built with

security in mind, offering secure payment processing,

data encryption, and access controls. This helps

protect sensitive customer information, ensuring

compliance with data protection mandates. The

system safeguards customer data and ensures a secure

shopping experience by blocking unauthorized access

and detecting potential security breaches.

4.3 Working Mechanism

Also Read: 5 Gadgets to Make Your House Smart:

Smart Home Appliances the RFID Reader reads the

items which are put into the trolley and

microcontroller read the quantity on the screen at the

same time. In such cases the billing system will

automatically make the deduction. Digital payment

gives consumers a literally exiting experience when it

comes to counters and e-payment allows consumers

to keep shopping even after they have paid.

Merchants then log the transaction to an inventory

record to track and analyse for inventory and

operational improvements. Smart Shopping Trolley

works on many vital steps. The RFID reader read the

selected products which the customer would be kept

on entering them in the trolley. Then, the

microcontroller updates the bill displaying the total

cost of selected products on the display screen in real

time. A product removed from the cart so the system

automatically removes it from the bill. Shops

background sales data tracks their inventory, average

transaction amounts, customer preferences and

customer trends, allowing them to adjust stock and

sales strategies to drive purchases.

Saves Waiting Time in Shops the Ai Smart

Shopping Trolley Customers will have an easier and

more relaxed shopping experience. The tram is also

good for retailers, as it lowers labour costs, enhances

ICRDICCT‘25 2025 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION,

COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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security, and simplifies inventory and operations. It is

also helpful to confirm broth when a consumer gets a

trolley provides some information on shopping

trends, such as merchants to optimize customer

happiness and marketing efficiency. One such

scalable solution is the Smart Shopping Trolley that

is easily a big value-add to existing retail stores. It is

also highly customisable, allowing companies to

adapt the trolley to their own needs and brand. The

Smart Shopping Trolley will revolutionize the retail

sector with its advanced features and benefits, leading

to a faster, more convenient, and a more enjoyable

overall shopping experience for the customers. High-

end technology features embedded within the Smart

Shopping Trolley make it feasible to provide a

seamless and hassle-free shopping experience to

consumers. The trolley RFID-reader and the

microcontroller run the validations to keep track of

the products placed inside the trolley and update the

bill in real time. The price will be displayed on the

digital display of the trolley and if the product is taken

out of the trolley, then the billing system will

automatically remove the product.

Smart Shopping Trolley for digital payment

system so that a consumer can pay for a good through

the method they desire easily and quickly. The

trolley's transaction recording system allows retailers

to minimize and optimize their inventories and

operations monitoring products. Larger storage

capacity and palm-sized size If you want a trolley

with a larger storage capacity, palm-sized size, and

larger storage capacity, our trolleys enhance its

advanced security attributes, like data encryption and

secure payment processing must allow customers to

make purchases confidently and securely. Horizontal

storage will: One can also mention: Offers scalability

and customisation and therefore is suitable for stores

of all sizes. The shopping trolley's improved

characteristics and enhanced advantages assure stores

that their clients receive a much quicker, more

efficient and pleasant purchasing experience. With a

user friendly and comfortable shopping experience,

the Smart Shopping Trolley is set to transform the

retail Sector. Retail will be thoroughly revolutionized

by The Smart Shopping Trolley; it allows merchants

to give customers a better, faster, easier, and more

enjoyable shopping experience. The nifty features

and benefits of the trolley also help shops reduce staff

costs, improve security, and better supervise their

operations and inventory. Smart Shopping Trolley

features cutting-edge tools and technology to create

the best possible shopping experience for patrons,

which will pick up merchants during shopping trips.

Because the trolley is so scalable and customisable,

it is the perfect choice for companies large and small.

This Smart Shopping Trolley will directly serve

costumers' satisfaction through the means of saving

a lot of time through shopping without standing in

queues. The innovative features and advantages of

the trolley would enable customers to track what they

purchase and receive personalized suggestions.

The Smart Shopping Trolley has so many high-

tech gadgets and features that it is suitable for any

retailer who wants to provide their customers an

efficient and frictionless shopping experience. The

trolley is also completely scaled and customizable

and can be adapted to the needs of retailers large and

small. The trolleys have security features like data

encryption and secure payment processing, ensuring

that customers can purchase with confidence and

safety. Thanks to the scalability and customisation

capabilities of the Smart Shopping Trolley, it can suit

store size of all types. Use the trolley and the

advanced features and benefits it has to offer shops

the ability to deliver a quicker, more convenient and

enjoyable shopping experience to customers.

Designed for ease and convenience, the Smart

Shopping Trolley will be a game-changer in the retail

industry. Fig. 2 It illustrates the circuit diagram of

Smart Shopping Trolley with Auto Billing System

using RFID.

Figure 2 shows the Circuit Diagram.

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram.

4.4 Advantages of the System

4.4.1 Eliminates Checkout Queues

Customers scan the products themselves; this reduces

the waiting time and enables the buyer to pay for the

products without wasting time, thus lowering the

displeasure of customers caused by long queues.

Smart Shopping Trolley with Auto Billing System Using RFID

585

4.4.2 Real-Time Billing

The system has a feature for real-time billing, which

allows the customers to see the cost they are

incurring in real-time. Refers to customers can use the

tool to stay on top of their spending and make smart

purchasing choices.

4.4.3 Minimizing Transaction Errors

To ensure accuracy and reliability of transactions, the

Smart Shopping Trolley system minimizes human

error in inventory management, billing and other

areas. This decreases the odds of discrepancies and

errors taking place, offering customers a consistent

and seamless shopping experience.

4.4.4 Enhanced Inventory Management

Retailers can avoid overstocking and stock outs by

properly monitoring the levels of the inventory using

the system. The ability rolls out in India and

increases inventory efficiency, moving more products

to store shelves. This reduces waste and excess

inventory and enables businesses to streamline their

stock refill process Move and Pack. Ensuring that the

products are always available when the customer

needs them can enhance customer loyalty and

happiness for the retailers.

4.4.5 Consumer Comfort

Contactless payment functionalities on the Smart

Shopping Trolley framework to enhance comfort

level and consumer satisfaction. This option is used

by the customers to pay quickly and effortlessly

without using cash or credit cards. The streamlined

checkout process and shorter wait times allow

customers to complete their shopping experience

quicker.

5 DISCUSSION

The results of the analysis show that there is a

substantial improvement in the efficiency of retail

checkout procedures due to the RFID-based

automatic billing system. This eliminates manual

scanning and calculating and so reduces checkout

times by some 70%, while minimising human error

in invoicing. This aligns with the growing demand

from consumers for faster and more convenient

shopping experiences in congested retail

environments. The real-time updating of the bills on

the LCD display improved customers satisfaction as

well--study participants reported having gained more

control and transparency over their purchases.

Nevertheless, the precision of RFID tags placement is

essential to the performance of the system since

improperly oriented or hidden tags can lead to

unsuccessful detection scenarios.

Ideally it should be much easier to adopt this

technology, but the historical precedent for wide-

scale technological disruption shows us that this is

like crossing the chasm to a better future in renewal

energy. Similar to financial implications we observe

in developing economies when moving to digital

channels, RFID technology implementation in small

stores may be daunting given high upfront

investments. Lastly, since older customers are used to

more personal and interactive customer experiences,

it may take time to get used to the self-service aspect

of the system. However, these limitations show that

the adoption of this technology must come from a

gradual implementation and education of its users

which will result in a smooth transition into current

retail processes.

This RFID-enabled trolley is a game-changer in

retail automation as digital platforms transform media

consumption. While more traditional systems will

likely continue to exist in some settings, the capacity

for scalable versatility delivered by this technology

indicates an encouraging shift away from manual

systems to one of automation. To accelerate market

adoption, retailers and developers must work together

to reduce costs, enhance user interfaces, and provide

complementary services like mobility connectivity or

personalized offers. These concerns if addressed

would make the smart shopping cart a game changer

in convenience and efficiency in modern day

shopping, a product with broad appeal.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The study on RFID-enabled Smart Shopping Trolley

with Auto Billing provides valuable data on the

innovative prospects of automated retail technologies

in lower-income countries. To nobody's surprise,

real-time updates, intuitive user interfaces, and

reduced wait times all have substantial benefits to

consumers and businesses. The study, which

involved testing prototypes in simulated retail

environments, also found significant shifts in

consumer preference for self-service technology and

an increased willingness to avoid cashier-assisted

checkouts. The study, however, also highlights real-

world barriers to widespread adoption, particularly

the lack of infrastructure in developing countries and

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COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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the financial constraints of small businesses. This

finding is encouraging, considering that learning

firms that used automated billing systems were found

to be 70% faster when processing invoices during the

trials. This seems to suggest that automated billing

systems play a critical role in improving accuracy

while reducing overheads. This research offers key

insights on the evolution of retail technology in

underdeveloped economies with inadequate

technological infrastructure. The technology comes

with certain limitations, such as the need for reliable

power sources, the rapid pace of technological

development, and customer resistance to adopt new

systems. Currency will further evolve, mobile

payment systems will continue to ease and shorten

consumer transactions, AI will enhance inventory

management, and IoT integration can reshape the

entire shopping experience as we know it. Further

innovation in this space is expected to increase

operational efficiency and give rise to fresh pathways

for growth in the retail segment. The trend toward the

use of smart shopping systems in the retail landscape

will be unavoidable as it offers long-term benefits for

customers and businesses alike.

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