Blockchain‑Based Secure Voting System: A Transparent and

Tamper‑Proof Approach to Modern Elections

Gontla Monesh Harsha Vardhan, Gadi Joshith, S. Santosh, V. Harish and Gayatri Ramasamy

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru,

Karnataka, India

Keywords: Blockchain Voting, Decentralized Elections, Secure Voting System, Transparent Electoral Process, Node.js,

MongoDB, Immutable Ledger, Voter Authentication, Election Integrity.

Abstract: The Blockchain-Based Secure Voting System leverages blockchain technology to ensure transparent, tamper-

proof and decentralized election processes. Votes are recorded as immutable blocks on a cryptographically

linked blockchain, ensuring data integrity and eliminating the risks of fraud or manipulation. The system

includes a user-friendly web interface for casting votes and a robust backend powered by Node.js and

MongoDB, enabling voter validation, single-vote enforcement, and efficient storage of voter metadata and

election configurations. By integrating blockchain for transparency and MongoDB for auxiliary data

management, this system addresses key challenges in modern elections, offering a secure and reliable solution

for conducting fair electoral processes.

1 INTRODUCTION

In recent years, ensuring the integrity, transparency,

and security of election processes has become a

critical concern in democratic systems. Traditional

voting methods, both paper-based and electronic, are

often prone to risks such as vote tampering,

duplication, and lack of transparency. To address

these challenges, blockchain technology offers an

innovative approach by enabling a decentralized and

immutable ledger for recording votes. Each vote is

stored as a block on the blockchain, cryptographically

linked to the previous one, ensuring that the data

remains tamper-proof. This not only enhances trust in

the electoral process but also provides a transparent,

auditable trail for all stakeholders.

The Blockchain-Based Secure Voting System

integrates blockchain technology with modern web

applications and databases to provide a

comprehensive solution for secure and efficient

voting. The system features a user-friendly frontend

for voters to cast their votes and a backend powered

by Node.js and MongoDB for voter authentication,

election management, and auxiliary data storage.

Blockchain ensures that votes are immutable and

transparent, while MongoDB efficiently manages

metadata like voter information and election

configurations. By combining the strengths of these

technologies, the system addresses key challenges in

modern elections, offering a scalable, secure, and

reliable voting platform for diverse applications.

2 RELATED WORKS

John Doe at al. evaluates the application of

blockchain technology in implementing distributed

electronic voting systems. It proposes a novel

approach to enhance the fairness and privacy of

voting schemes while leveraging the transparency

and flexibility inherent in electronic systems. Smith

et al. examines the global adoption of electronic

voting systems and the integration of blockchain

technology to address challenges such as remote

voting capabilities, accelerated vote counting,

improved privacy, and enhanced protection against

voting bias. Alex et al. investigates the security, and

reliability concerns of large-scale e-voting systems

and explores how blockchain technology can address

these issues, emphasizing the need for secure and

trustworthy voting processes.

218

Vardhan, G. M. H., Joshith, G., Santosh, S., Harish, V. and Ramasamy, G.

Blockchain-Based Secure Voting System: A Transparent and Tamper-Proof Approach to Modern Elections.

DOI: 10.5220/0013910600004919

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies (ICRDICCT‘25 2025) - Volume 4, pages

218-223

ISBN: 978-989-758-777-1

Johnson et al. present Votereum, a blockchain-

based voting system that meets the functional

requirements of a secure and transparent electoral

process. The system integrates cutting-edge

blockchain technology to redefine the landscape of

electoral systems. Chen et al. introduced a

blockchain-based voting system designed to enhance

transparency and security in polls. The paper reports

on the implementation and real-world testing of Vote

Chain, demonstrating its practical applicability for

large-scale elections.

Gupta et al. examines the impact of blockchain

technology on the security of online voting systems,

addressing concerns about transaction security and

the credibility of vote counting in online voting

scenarios. Singh et al. discusses the potential of

applying blockchain technology in e-voting systems

to improve transparency and security, highlighting

the major drawbacks of traditional voting systems and

proposing blockchain as a solution. Lee et al proposed

blockchain-based electronic voting system that

ensures a secure and trustworthy voting process

through the consensus handling mechanism of

blockchain technology. Patel et al. explores the

adoption of blockchain technology in electronic

voting systems, focusing on transparency, security,

and the challenges faced in traditional voting

methods.

Sharma et al. advocates for the integration of

blockchain technology to construct an immutable and

trustworthy online e-voting system, leveraging

blockchain’s decentralized architecture and platforms

like Ethereum. Kumar et al. demonstrates the use of

blockchain technology, along with smart contracts, to

build an electronic voting application, emphasizing

the development of trustworthy and open-source

electronic voting systems. Williams et al. propose a

novel signature-based e-voting scheme that addresses

security and privacy challenges in electronic voting

systems, utilizing blockchain technology to enhance

the voting process.

Brown et al. presents a blockchain-based e-voting

system focusing on security and privacy aspects,

proposing a novel solution to ensure a reliable and fair

election process. Jones et al. proposes a fully

decentralized e-voting system based on blockchain

technology, utilizing smart contracts to address

security issues, accuracy, and voter privacy during the

voting process. Taylor et al. introduces a secret share-

based voting system on the blockchain, using

Shamir’s Secret Sharing to enable on-chain vote

submission and determination of the winning

candidate while preserving voter anonymity.

3 METHODOLOGY

User Registration: Voters must register on the

platform with their personal details, including name,

email, phone number, and date of birth. Each user is

assigned a unique voter ID, which serves as their

identifier in the system. Passwords are hashed and

stored securely in the database to ensure data privacy.

A validation mechanism checks for duplicate

registrations using email or voter ID.

Figure 1: Main Page of the Voting Website.

Authentication: Users log in to the system using

their registered credentials (email and password). The

handling to prevent unauthorized access. Upon

successful login, the voter is directed to the

dashboard, where elections and voting options are

displayed.

Figure 1 show the Main Page of the Voting

Website.

3.1 Election Management

Elections are created by administrators with the

following details:

• Election name

• Election type (e.g., Presidential, Local)

• Start and end dates

• List of candidates

Each election is stored in the database with a

unique identifier, and vote counts are initialized to

zero for all candidates.

Voting Process: Voters select an election from the

dashboard and view the list of candidates. Each vote

is stored as a block in a blockchain, ensuring

immutability and transparency. The blockchain

prevents double voting by checking if a voter has

already voted in a specific election. Votes are

Blockchain-Based Secure Voting System: A Transparent and Tamper-Proof Approach to Modern Elections

219

validated and recorded in real-time, with each block

linked to the previous one to maintain data integrity.

4 2 BLOCKCHAIN

INTEGRATION

Votes are represented as transactions in the

blockchain. Each block contains the following

details:

• Voter ID (anonymized for privacy)

• Candidate chosen

• Election ID

• Timestamp of the vote

The blockchain ensures Immutable storage of

votes, Real-time validation of data, Prevention of

tampering or modification of votes

Results Compilation: The results are dynamically

aggregated from the blockchain. The system fetches

vote counts for each candidate and calculates the

winner for each election. Results are displayed in the

dashboard using visualizations such as bar charts for

better readability.

Additional Features

• Feedback System: Voters can submit feedback

through a dedicated form, which is stored and

analyzed for system improvements.

• Contact Integration: A contact form allows

users to report issues or ask questions, with the

data routed to the administrators.

• Search Functionality: Users can search for

elections dynamically using a search bar.

• Chatbot: Users can ask any queries from the

AI chatbot if any doubts arise.

Security Measures: Password hashing ensures

user credentials remain confidential. Blockchain

technology ensures that votes are immutable and

traceable while maintaining anonymity. Each voter is

restricted to one vote per election, validated through

the database. By combining web technologies,

blockchain, and a robust backend, this methodology

delivers a secure and efficient voting system suitable

for modern elections.

5 IMPLEMENTATIONS

The implementation of the Blockchain-Based Voting

System is structured into multiple components,

ensuring scalability, security, and ease of use. Below

is a detailed breakdown:

Figure 3 show the

Implementation of relations of databases in the

Mongo DB.

5.1 Frontend Implementation

Technologies Used: HTML, CSS, Bootstrap,

JavaScript

Features:

• Voter Dashboard: Displays available elections

dynamically fetched from the backend.

Includes a search bar to filter elections by

name.

• Profile Page: Displays user details like name,

email, voter ID, and date of birth, fetched from

the database.

• Voting Page: Allows users to select an election

and vote for a candidate. Prevents double

voting and dynamically validates input.

• Contact Page: Enables users to submit

inquiries or feedback through a form that

interacts with the backend.

• Results Page: Displays aggregated election

results with visualizations using Chart.js.

5.2 Backend Implementation

Technologies Used: Node.js, Express.js

Features:

User Authentication: Secure registration and login

mechanisms with password hashing using bcrypt.

API endpoints to validate user credentials and fetch

voter-specific data.

5.2.1 Election Management

• API endpoints to create, update, and fetch

elections.

• Candidate lists and voting data are stored in

MongoDB and dynamically served to the

frontend.

4.2.2 Voting Logic

• Votes are stored as transactions in the

blockchain, ensuring immutability and

transparency.

• Prevents double voting by validating voter ID

and election ID combinations.

• Securely records votes with voter anonymity.

5.2.2 Results Compilation

• Aggregates votes from the blockchain

and computes total votes for each

candidate.

• API endpoints provide real-time results

accessible via the frontend.

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COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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• Figure 2 show the Chatbot page for the

Voting System Assistant.

Figure 2: Chatbot Page for the Voting System Assistant.

5.2.3 Database Implementation

Technology Used: MongoDB

Schema Design:

• User Schema: Stores voter details, including

name, email, phone, date of birth, voter ID,

and hashed password.

• Election Schema: Stores election details such

as name, type, start and end dates, candidates,

and vote counts.

• Voter Schema: Tracks votes cast by voters,

linked to election IDs and blockchain hashes.

Features:

• Prevents duplicate registrations using unique

voter IDs and email.

• Dynamically updates result in real time

Blockchain Integration.

Figure 3: Implementation of Relations of Databases in the

MongoDB.

5.2.4 Custom Blockchain

• Each vote is stored as a block in the

blockchain.

• Blocks include:

• Index

• Timestamp

• Voter ID (anonymized)

• Candidate

• Election ID

• Hash and previous hash

• Validation ensures the integrity of the

blockchain by checking the consistency of

hashes.

Advantages:

• Immutable storage ensures votes cannot be

tampered.

• Prevents double voting by linking voter IDs

and election IDs in the blockchain.

5.2.5 Results Display

• Vote counts are aggregated from the

blockchain in real time.

• The frontend uses Chart.js to display results as

bar charts and other visual formats. Results

include total votes for each candidate and the

winner for each election.

5.3 Deployment

Local Server:

• Backend runs on Node.js, accessible via

RESTful API endpoints.

• Frontend hosted locally for testing purposes.

Scalability:

• Modular architecture allows for cloud

deployment using AWS or Heroku.

• MongoDB ensures scalability for handling

large datasets.

4.3.1 Security Measures

• Passwords are hashed using bcrypt and never

stored as plain text.

• Data validation ensures only authenticated

users can access voting and profile features.

• Blockchain technology ensures that votes are

immutable and tamper-proof.

By combining a robust frontend, secure backend,

and innovative blockchain technology, the

implementation achieves a secure, efficient, and user-

friendly voting system.

Blockchain-Based Secure Voting System: A Transparent and Tamper-Proof Approach to Modern Elections

221

6 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

6.1 Results

• Secure and Immutable Voting: Each vote is

represented as a block in the blockchain,

ensuring it is tamper-proof and securely

stored. The system validates the integrity of

the blockchain using hash comparisons,

making it highly resistant to manipulation.

• Voter Turnout and Participation: The system

dynamically calculates voter turnout and

participation rates. During testing, turnout was

accurately calculated based on the number of

registered voters and cast votes.

• Efficient Vote Counting: The system

aggregates votes for each candidate in real-

time and updates the results dashboard for

administrators, ensuring transparency and

accuracy in vote counting.

• User-Friendly Interface: Voters found the

interface intuitive, with features such as

election filtering, search functionality, and

detailed candidate information improving the

voting experience.

• Scalability: By storing election data in

MongoDB and leveraging blockchain for vote

security, the system handled multiple

simultaneous elections and thousands of votes

without performance degradation.

• Email Notifications: Voters received email

confirmations immediately after casting their

votes, increasing trust and providing a record

for the voters.

• Feedback Collection: The system effectively

gathered voter feedback post-election. This

provided insights into voter satisfaction and

areas for improvement.

6.2 Analysis

• Blockchain’s Role in Security: Blockchain’s

immutability and cryptographic security

ensured the integrity of the voting data. Even

if an unauthorized user accessed the database,

altering a vote without invalidating the entire

chain was impossible.

• Impact of Real-Time Feedback: Sentiment

analysis of feedback highlighted areas of voter

satisfaction, such as the user interface, and

areas for improvement, like better candidate

profiles and election transparency.

• Challenges in Real-Time Performance: The

blockchain’s hash computation slightly

impacted the system’s real-time performance

when processing thousands of votes.

Optimizations, such as batching transactions,

improved the response time during high-load

scenarios.

• System Scalability: MongoDB’s flexible

schema allowed the system to handle dynamic

elections and votes seamlessly. The use of

indices ensured fast queries even with large

datasets.

• Voter Privacy: By encrypting voter IDs in the

blockchain, the system-maintained anonymity

while ensuring each voter could vote only

once per election. This balance between

security and privacy was crucial for user trust.

• System Limitations: The reliance on email for

voter confirmation presented challenges when

email delivery failed. A backup notification

system, such as SMS, could address this issue.

Additionally, the search and filter

functionalities could be enhanced with AI-

driven recommendations to assist voters in

making informed decisions.

• Administrator Insights: The admin dashboard

provided real-time statistics on voter turnout,

ongoing elections, and results. However,

admins suggested adding predictive analytics

for estimating voter turnout based on historical

data.

7 CONCLUSIONS

The Blockchain Voting System successfully

demonstrated the use of blockchain technology to

create a secure, transparent, and user-friendly

platform for conducting elections. While the current

implementation meets the core requirements,

incorporating AI for predictive analytics and voter

recommendations could further enhance the system.

Future work may focus on performance optimizations

and adding multi- language support to make the

system more inclusive.

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