FireGuardian: A Smart IoT Firefighting Robot for Automated Fire

Hazard Mitigation

Kavitha T., Neeraj P., Sunil Kumar K., Naga Shravan B. and Nadira Anjum J.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Rotarypuram Village,

BKS Mandal Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Keywords: IoT, Firefighting Bot, Fire Detection, Real‑Time Monitoring, Autonomous Navigation, Thermal Sensors,

Machine Learning, Obstacle Detection.

Abstract: The existing firefighting systems rely on human intervention, posing significant risks to firefighters and

delaying response times. Traditional methods, including manual firefighting and stationary automated

systems, often prove unproductive in dangerous environments. The proposed system introduces an IoT-based

firefighting bot equipped with fire sensors, and an automated extinguisher, enabling real-time fire detection

and suppression. Integrated with IoT technology, the bot transmits data to a cloud-based platform for remote

monitoring and decision-making. Its autonomous navigation, driven by machine learning and obstacle

detection, ensures precise movement toward fire sources. This system improves firefighting efficiency,

reduces damage, and provides a scalable solution for various fire-prone environments.

1 INTRODUCTION

By building a smart, self-sufficient system that can

identify and put out flames in risky situations, this

project pursues to create an Internet of Things (IoT)-

powered firefighting bot that tackles the major issues

in emergency response. Firefighting is important for

preserving property and lives, but predictable

approaches frequently have drawbacks like slow

reaction times, difficulty entering dangerous

locations, and a lack of real-time data during crises.

These problems result in inefficiency and higher

threats for victims and firemen alike.

The proposed system makes use of IoT

technology to facilitate independent navigation,

effective fire suppression, and instantaneous data

collection. This bot, which is made to be easily

available and responsive, offers a modern method of

fighting fires, encouraging efficiency, safety, and

teamwork in emergency response situations. This

project focuses on developing a robust IoT-powered

bot tailored to address the critical challenges in

firefighting and emergency response. Firefighting is

important for saving lives and property, but

traditional methods often face obstacles like late

response times, limited access to hazardous areas, and

lack of real-time data, leading to incompetence and

increased risks.

The current methods of firefighting often involve

manual processes, inadequate situational awareness,

and inefficient communication channels, resulting in

operational inadequacies and increased danger. This

calls for a smart, autonomous system that ties the gap

between emergency response teams and hazardous

environments while ensuring real-time data

collection and efficient fire suppression.

Our proposed solution leverages IoT technology

to transform the firefighting experience:

1. Real-Time Data Collection: Sensors on the

bot collect actual data on temperature,

smoke levels, and fire location, enabling

precise decision-making.

2. Autonomous Navigation: The bot uses

GPS and obstacle detection sensors to

navigate risky environments without human

interference.

3. Efficient Fire Suppression: The bot is

equipped with fire extinguishing

mechanisms to mitigates fires quickly and

effectively.

4. Continuous Communication: The bot

communicates with emergency response

teams, providing real-time updates and

alerts.

T., K., P., N., K., S. K., B., N. S. and J., N. A.

FireGuardian: A Smart IoT Fireﬁghting Robot for Automated Fire Hazard Mitigation.

DOI: 10.5220/0013904600004919

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies (ICRDICCT‘25 2025) - Volume 3, pages

735-738

ISBN: 978-989-758-777-1

735

5. Enhanced Safety: By reducing the need for

human interference in hazardous areas, the

bot minimizes risks to firefighters.

By embracing modern IoT technologies, this bot

offers a scalable, efficient, and safe solution to meet

the growing demands of the firefighting industry,

creating a continuous experience for emergency

response teams and victims alike.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The IoT in Firefighting

We developed this bot using IoT technology to enable

real-time data collection, autonomous navigation, and

efficient fire suppression. IoT devices have

transformed various industries, and their application

in firefighting offers substantial advantages, such as

real-time monitoring, enhanced safety, and improved

response times. The figure 1 shows Firefighting Bot.

Figure 1: Firefighting Bot.

2.2 Circuit Diagram

A servo motor control system, which is crucial to the

functioning of the Internet of Things-powered

firefighting bot, is designed and configured in the

circuit diagram that is shown below. This system is in

charge of exactly moving and controlling the bot's

mechanical parts, which allows it to manoeuvre

through treacherous situations and carry out

firefighting duties effectively. Important components

that cooperate to guarantee precise and seamless

operation are highlighted in the diagram, including

the servo motor, power supply, and control modules.

This circuit is essential for improving the autonomy

and awareness of the bot during emergency

operations by combining cutting-edge motor control

methods with Internet of Things-enabled

communication. The figure 2 shows Circuit Diagram.

Figure 2: Circuit diagram.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Flow Chart

A flowchart is a visual representation of the processes

occurring within the bot’s system. It shows the

various steps involved, from fire detection to

extinguishing. The flowchart starts and concludes at

the terminal points, which are depicted using oval

shapes. Decision-making steps are represented by

diamond shapes. Rectangular boxes indicate the

processes that occur within the bot’s system. The

figure 3 shows Flow Chart of the Process.

Figure 3: Flow chart of the process.

3.2 Components Used

1. Fire Sensor: These sensors detect the

presence of fire in different directions (left,

right, and center). They provide real-time

ICRDICCT‘25 2025 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION,

COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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input to the system, enabling the bot to

locate and navigate toward the fire source.

2. Power Supply: Provides the necessary

electrical power to the entire system,

ensuring all components function correctly.

3. Arduino Uno: The microcontroller unit that

serves as the brain of the system. It processes

input from the fire sensors and controls the

motors and pump accordingly.

4. 12V Supply for Motor: A dedicated power

supply for the DC motors, ensuring they

receive sufficient voltage for optimal

performance.

5. L293D Motor Driver IC: A motor driver

integrated circuit that controls the direction

and speed of the DC motors. It acts as an

interface between the Arduino and the

motors.

6. Robot DC Motor: The primary motor

responsible for the movement of the

firefighting bot, enabling it to navigate

through the environment.

7. Motor Pump: A pump motor used to spray

water or fire retardant. It is controlled by the

Arduino to extinguish the fire once the bot

reaches the target location.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The IoT-Powered Firefighting Bot was widely tested

in a series of simulated fire situations to evaluate its

performance in detecting fire, navigating through the

fire scene, and suppressing the fire. The outcomes

reflect the skill of the bot and identify areas of

improvement, yielding important insights into its

efficacy as an autonomous firefighting robot.

4.1 Fire Detection Accuracy

The left, right, and center fire sensors showed an

impressive 98% accuracy in sensing fires at a distance

of 30 centimeters. The bot was always able to detect

the direction of the fire and straighten its course

accordingly to deliver a focused response. False

alarms were very few, which is important to keep the

operation efficient in real firefighting situations. This

high accuracy validates the consistency of the sensor

array and the integration with the Arduino control

system. Nonetheless, in situations where there was

significant smoke or heat interference, the sensors at

times took slight lags in sensing, indicating the

necessity for additional adjustment to address

extreme scenarios.

4.2 Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance

The L293D motor driver-controlled DC motors

ensured smooth and accurate movement, allowing the

bot to travel efficiently to the source of the fire. The

sensors used for obstacle detection were key in

avoiding collisions, and they helped the bot move

around obstructions effectively. While the bot

handled moderately crowded spaces well, it

sometimes got stuck in densely populated areas and

needed to be manually pushed through. This shows

that although the navigation system is strong, it can

be improved in dealing with complex terrain.

4.3 Fire Suppression Effectiveness

The motor pump was efficient at putting out small and

medium-sized fires in 30-60 seconds of operation.

With a firefighting range of 30 cm, the pump

performed accurately in structured settings. That said,

for larger fires, the bot's present capacity might fall

short. Ramping up the power of the pump or

combining several pumps would abolish this

drawback. Also, the thermal tolerance of the bot was

tested, and though it worked well, extended exposure

to high heat levels may impact its components. This

is where there is a need for heat-resistance materials

as well as cooling systems in subsequent designs.

5 CONCLUSIONS

By improving communication and safety in unsafe

situations, this Internet of Things-powered

firefighting bot effectively streamlines emergency

response. Using IoT technology, it offers a smooth

and safe platform that guarantees independent

navigation, actual fire suppression, and real-time data

collection. Features like autonomous navigation, real-

time fire detection, and emergency response team

communication are all supported by the bot. IoT

sensors also make it possible to make precise

decisions, which removes the need for human

interference in risky situations. By addressing the

shortcomings of conventional firefighting techniques,

this system promotes accessibility, safety, and

efficiency. This study demonstrates how

contemporary IoT technology may improve

emergency response experiences and revolutionise

the firefighting sector.

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