AI‑Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control System for Smart

Kitchens

Kamalanaathan S., Arunprasath B., Nandhakumar S., Sruthi R.,

Ishwarya Niranjana M. and Parthiban V.

Department of ECE, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Keywords: Smart LPG Stove, STM32F103C8T6 Microcontroller, Gas Leakage Detection, AI, ML Integration, Kitchen

Safety System, Automated Safety Measures, PIR Sensor, Intelligent Decision‑Making, Motion Deduction

Control.

Abstract: This project presents an advanced safety mechanism to extend kitchen safety through automated monitoring

and controlling using the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and the "AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring

and Control System." It brings together multiple sensors to sense possible hazardous conditions and react

preventively. use gas sensor which detect LPG leakage, it uses flame sensor to ensure flame present in utensil,

and use ultrasonic sensor to check whether utensil is placed correctly. These features also aid in detecting and

addressing dangers like gas leaks, unattended flames and improper stove use. Using AI & ML algorithms in

conjunction with a PIR sensor camera, the system identifies whether the motion is from a human or an animal.

Doing so increases accuracy of detection and reduces false alarms. The system will also automatically close

cylinder valve and power supply in case of a gas leak. This prevents gas from flowing unless a flame or a

utensil is detected. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the system instantly notifies emergency services,

facilitating a swift response. SMART LPG STOVE: Integrating advanced sensing technology with AI-driven

decision-making, the Smart LPG Stove offers a revolutionary solution that not only increases kitchen safety

but also effectively reduces accidents and promotes energy efficiency. This cutting-edge solution is a

significant leap forward in the realm of contemporary kitchen appliances, providing a cooking experience that

is both safer and more intelligent.

1 INTRODUCTION

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is used as a

domestic energy in many countries and is a major

source of home cooking. Though LPG has improved

cooking efficiency and convenience, it comes with

fire risks. Gas leak and other type of kitchen accidents

are common and hence, can bring serious injuries or

even fatalities. Hence, it is crucial to prevent gas leak

and other items in Kitchen to ensure Kitchen safety.

To mitigate this problem, we proposed the “AI-

Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control System

for Smart Kitchens”

Advanced sensors, AI, ML and IOT technology

can be integrated with a kitchen safety system to track

potential hazards and act against them in real-time. Its

aim for the cooking space specifically will likely zero

in on core safety concerns, like gas leaks, unattended

flame, and spontaneous combustions.

1.1 System Functionality

The system includes several sensors for full hazard

detection:

If there is no flame or utensil detected at the

cooking platform, the system will automatically turn

off the gas regulator, thereby preventing gas wastage.

If there is an LPG leak, the device instantly shuts the

cylinder valve and disconnects the power supply,

which lowers the probability of an explosion. In case

of fire detection, the system sends emergency

messages through GSM module, for quick response

to users and nearest safety department providers.

An AI-powered camera, integrated with a passive

infrared (PIR) sensor, differentiates between human

and animal motion, improving motion detection

accuracy and reducing false alarms. This intelligent

decision-making capability enhances the system’s

efficiency and reliability.

S., K., B., A., S., N., R., S., M., I. N. and V., P.

AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control System for Smart Kitchens.

DOI: 10.5220/0013899200004919

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies (ICRDICCT‘25 2025) - Volume 3, pages

407-413

ISBN: 978-989-758-777-1

407

1.2 The Growing Concern over LPG-

Related Accidents

According to the National Crime Records Bureau

(NCRB), recent statistics highlight the severity of

LPG-related accidents. In Tamil Nadu, 586 people

lost their lives due to gas cylinder explosions, while

Gujarat recorded 735 fatalities. Among the southern

states, Tamil Nadu reported the highest number of

casualties, surpassing Andhra Pradesh (426),

Karnataka (386), and Kerala (52). On average, gas

cylinder explosions in Tamil Nadu claim around 10

lives per week. In the previous year, there were 632

reported incidents related to LPG explosions (Rohan

Chandra Pandey).

Another report reveals a significant

rise in gas leakage accidents, increasing from 0.72%

to 10.74% of all cooking-related mishaps.

1.3 The Role of LPG in a Sustainable

Energy Future

LPG has over 1,000 applications, serving hundreds of

millions worldwide across industries such as

commerce, agriculture, transportation, electricity

generation, heating, and cooking. It is recognized for

its environmental benefits, immediate availability,

versatility, and ease of transportation. As the world

transitions toward a more sustainable and secure

energy economy, LPG remains a crucial energy

source, particularly for clean cooking solutions in

various countries.

1.4 A Smarter and Safer Kitchen

Solution

By integrating IoT, AI, and automation, the Smart

LPG Stove represents a breakthrough in modern

kitchen technology. It enhances safety, reduces

household risks, and improves energy efficiency,

making it a transformative solution for smarter and

safer cooking environments.

2 OBJECTIVES

• Develop an AI-powered automated system that

can accurately detect gas leaks, flame presence,

utensil placement, and abnormal heat levels to

prevent LPG-related kitchen accidents.

• Implement an intelligent safety mechanism that

automatically shuts off the gas regulator, cylinder

valve, and power supply in the event of a gas leak,

unattended flame, or absence of a utensil,

minimizing fire risks.

• Integrate IoT and AI-driven monitoring to provide

real-time gas and flame status updates, alert users

and nearby safety authorities through a GSM

module anenable remote monitoring via a smart

interface.

• Enhance motion detection accuracy using an AI-

powered camera with a PIR sensor, differentiating

between human and animal movement to reduce

false alarms and improve system reliability.

• Ensure user-friendly operation by offering an

intuitive interface that allows households and

commercial kitchens to easily configure and

operate the system with minimal effort.

• Promote safer, more energy-efficient, and cost-

effective LPG usage by minimizing gas wastage,

reducing accident risks, and optimizing energy

consumption for both residential and commercial

kitchens.

3 LITERATURE SURVEY

The increasing realization of the hazards linked to the

use of LPG has resulted in an increased demand for

the creation of automated intelligent solutions for gas

safety at home featuring smart home technology. The

field has progressed through research and projects

working on sensor and IoT technologies that would

prevent things like gas leaks, unattended flame, and

explosions. The Automatic Smart LPG Stove using

IOT was designed and developed based on some

significant researches and developments as cited

below. Most research has addressed devices for

detecting gas leaks to prevent explosions triggered by

undiscovered leaks. MQ series gas sensors, especially

the MQ4 and the MQ6 models, are commonly used

to detect the methane and the LPG gases. Studies like

those from Suryawanshi et al. (2018) have also

pointed out that the detection of gas concentrations in

the environment and the start of the alert with the

combination of gas sensor and microcontrollers.

These devices help prevent emergencies but often just

serve as an alarm without controlling the gas supply.

Many research efforts have studied integrated

systems that consist of gas sensors with flame

sensors and use Internet of Things. Rao et al. sensors

to detect temperature changes, gas leakage and

flames. In the case of an anomaly, IoT-enabled

alarms would alert users. While this system is focused

more on commercial use, it utilizes many of the same

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aspects and ideas as the design of the Smart LPG

Stove and provides automatic shut-off as well as

notifications in real-time. With these concepts in

mind, the use of IoT with gas, flame and ultrasonic

sensors using IoT features gives us the Automated

Smart LPG Stove, which is fully automated and easy

to use. This approach not only helps to learn about

potential risks, but also proactively responds in

managing to avoid an accident, making cooking a far

safer environment to be in.

4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) that is commonly

used in homes for cooking is a highly flammable gas

and poses a serious safety risk. Gas leaks, flames left

unattended and forgetting to place utensils on a

burner are leading causes in kitchen disaster that can

lead to death, major injuries and property destruction.

Gas leak detectors and flame monitoring equipment

are already on the market; however, the majority of

existing systems are either manual or a combination

of manual and automatic, which are not fast enough

to prevent incidents in the real time. In addition, there

is a lack of sensor integration in the utensils presence

detection system, which helps eliminate unnecessary

gas and potential dangers if used accordingly.

Current systems do not only cover utensil

detection, causing excessive gas flow that causes

energy waste and, moreover, a safety issue.

Additionally, most solutions available today are not

integrated with the IoT, meaning that they cannot

send out emergency alerts, remote figure control, and

monitor conditions in real-time. The challenge lies in

designing an automated LPG stove system that can

detect flames, gas leaks and utensils simultaneously,

and is also able to shut off automatically to prevent

dangerous situations. Besides, the notifications

should be real time so that either the user or

emergency services can act swiftly in case of critical

event.

Existing systems combine the gas flow detection

without any utensil detection leading to unnecessary

gas flow which increases the energy consumption and

introduces safety risks. Additionally, most

implemented solutions are unable to integrate IoT

technologies, which significantly limits their

potential for real- time monitoring, remote control

and emergency alerts. So, the task is to design

automatic IoT-enabled LPG stove system based on

the environment in order to detect gas leak, flame as

well as utensil presence all at the same time with

automatic shut off functionality in order to get rid of

vulnerable conditions. And it should also be able to

send alerts in real-time to the users or to emergency

services so that action can be taken immediately when

a critical event happens.

5 OPERATIONAL

FRAMEWORKS

The AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control

System operates through three primary layers:

sensing, processing, and control. These layers work

together to detect hazards, analyze data, and take

necessary actions to ensure kitchen safety.

The sensing layer consists of gas sensors, a flame

sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an AI-powered

camera with a PIR sensor to detect gas leaks,

unattended flames, utensils, and human or animal

presence.

The processing layer uses AI and ML to analyze

sensor data, differentiate between human and animal

movement, and make automated decisions to prevent

accidents.

The control layer includes a motorized actuator to

shut off the gas knob, a power cut-off mechanism for

major leaks, and a GSM module for emergency alerts.

This system addresses the growing concern over

LPG-related accidents by providing real-time

monitoring, automatic gas shutoff, and emergency

response, ensuring a safer kitchen environment. With

its IoT and AI integration, it enhances safety, reduces

risks, and promotes energy efficiency in modern

kitchens.

6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

The development and application of the internet of

things-based AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring

and Control System for Smart Kitchens heavily relies

on emerging technologies. Advancements in sensor

technologies, microcontroller systems, and the

internet of things have brought about the development

of smart kitchen solutions that improve automation

and safety.

Important developments in gas sensors, including

the gas sensor, enable accurate detection of methane

and LPG gas leaks, guaranteeing real-time

monitoring of hazardous levels. The user's mobile

phone received alert messages from our devised

system with success. To get these messages on the

user's phone, no application needs to be installed. The

GSM technology is used to send these alert messages.

AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control System for Smart Kitchens

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Furthermore, by lowering the possibility of an

unsupervised gas flow, flame sensors improve stove

safety by responding instantly to the presence or

absence of a flame.

7 LPG SAFETY SYSTEM

Gas leaks are a severe issue that are currently seen in

a lot of locations, including homes, businesses, cars,

etc. LPG, also known as liquefied petroleum gas, is a

combustible blend of hydrocarbon that can be used as

fuel in a range of facilities, including homes, hotels,

businesses, and automobiles. It also has a high

temperature, low smoke and soot content, and little

effect on the environment. Even when it is far from

the source of the leak, LPG can quickly catch fire due

to its high flame-retardant properties. LPG is mostly

used for cooking in homes. They could blow up when

the dumping gases combine with oxygen molecules

and the amount of LPG in the atmosphere, or if

there’s a flame or an electric spark present.

In this work, the classic k-ε model describes

the gas flow field. The k equation for turbulent

dissipation and the 'k' equation for turbulent kinetic

energy rate are computed using the two equations that

make up the model. The variable 'k' denotes turbulent

kinetic energy, which can be expressed as m2s−2.

Additionally, ok represents the Plant-Schmidt

constant of this energy, & denotes the turbulent

kinetic energy dissipation, and C2 is the constant in

the k-equation.

Generally, this equation reduces the combustion of

propane and butane to a single, irreversible. In gas

consumption, the combined effects of turbulence and

the chemical reaction are considered using the finite

rate/eddy current dissipation model. Figure 1 show the

Block Diagram.

Figure 1: Block diagram.

8 DESIGN AND WORKING

The AI-Powered Secure LPG Monitoring and Control

System for Smart Kitchens is designed to enhance

kitchen safety by detecting gas leaks, monitoring

flame presence, identifying utensil placement, and

distinguishing between human and animal

movement. Built around the STM32F103C8T6

microcontroller, the system integrates multiple

sensors and AI-based automation to prevent hazards

in real time. The gas sensor (MQ2) continuously

monitors the environment for LPG leaks, and if a leak

is detected, the system immediately shuts off the gas

supply using a servo motor and cuts power to prevent

ignition. Simultaneously, it triggers a buzzer alarm

and sends real-time alerts via GSM and IoT to inform

users and emergency responders. The flame sensor

(KY-026) ensures the presence of a stable flame. If

the flame goes out unintentionally, the system closes

the regulator valve to prevent gas buildup. In case of

a fire, it sends emergency alerts to nearby fire stations

for a quick response.

An ultrasonic sensor (KY-050) detects if the utensil

is present on the stove to improve energy efficiency.

When no utensil is detected, gas supply is

automatically turned off, saving gas from being

wasted. Also, the PIR sensor and the ESP32 camera

differentiate between humans and animals. In the

case of unattended cooking, gas would continue to

flow, but if no human presence was sensed near an

active stove for a certain period of time, the system

would cut the gas to avoid any hazards. In addition, it

is enhanced with AI and ML algorithms that analyze

motion data to reduce false alarms and process

intelligent decisions. With GSM (SIM800L) through

IoT connectivity gives users a mobile notification in

real-time to monitor the kitchen appliances from a

distance. In addition, AI not only detects early signs

of potential hazards through predictive analytics but

also suggests preventive safety measures.

Figure 2: STM32F103C8T6 controller connection with

sensors.

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COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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Figure 3: Testing setup with fire.

Figure 2 and 3 shows the STM32F103C8T6

controller connection with sensors and Testing setup

with fire respectively.

Figure 4: Testing gas detection.

Figure 5: Testing with no flame.

Figure 4 and 5 shows the Testing gas detection and

Testing with no flame respectively. The Smart LPG

Stove System is a highly secure and energy-efficient

appliance for today's kitchens, thanks to a mix of

advanced sensors, AI-powered automation, and IoT

integration. It provides real-time hazard alerts,

automated shutoff solutions, and remote

notifications, making cooking safer and more

convenient.

The following components were used in the

development of the “AI-Powered Secure LPG

Monitoring and Control System for Smart Kitchens”

• STM32F103C8T6

• Flame sensor

• ESP 32 Cam

• Servo motor

• Gas sensor (MQ2)

• GSM module (SIM800L)

• Encoder (RF transmitter)

• Decoder (RF receiver)

• Display (optional, eg., LCD)

• Ultrasonic sensor

• IR sensor

• Buzzer

9 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

This paper aims to provide a proposed design

methodology of Automated Smart LPG Stove using

IoT that assures kitchen safety through real time

monitoring, automated control and notifications to

users. It is a sensor, microcontroller, and actuator-

based system to check for gas leakage, flame status

and utensil presence on the stove. Gas sensors

monitor the levels of LPG and methane, continuously

checks the levels of the gas. A flame sensor is placed

near the burners to check if the flame is on, and an

ultrasonic sensor to see if utensils are being used.

The STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller receives

real-time data from these sensors and executes

predefined safety protocols. When the gas is not off

when it should be, the system then has the ability to

rely on sensor input and has the intelligence to turn

off the gas knob by itself in times of crisis, such as

gas leaks, no flame, or no utensil detected when the

gas is on.

The IoT module will allow the user to connect

their devices to the kitchen to remotely monitor

whether the kitchen is safe. To make the system more

usable, a smartphone application and web portal

interface is developed that allows users to set alert

thresholds and monitor the stove remotely. Finding

such a smart solution would reduce the chances of gas

accidents happening as it is a complete solution for

automated kitchen safety.

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10 RESULTS

Through the very successful IoT connection, an

extinguished flame or gas leak could be detected

remotely with the help of a smartphone app, and

customers would receive immediate notifications in

the face of any danger. At the system's core was a set

of valves that could be opened and closed remotely,

allowing users to manage the gas supply from a

distance.

Testing demonstrated that the microprocessor

responded accurately and quickly to sensor inputs,

and that the system functioned reliably and

consistently in a variety of conditions. The user

interface also provided users with real-time data

about gas concentrations, flame status, and utensil

presence, which gave them full control and

supervision over the system.

When we take all of these into account, the

accuracy of detection, timely response and IoT-

based remote monitoring of the system practically

assured the kitchen safety. Best User Interface, User

Experience for Device: The user interface was

designed to put the users in full control and

supervision of the device and to show real-time data

about the concentration of gas, state of flame, and

presence of the utensil. Conclusively, the system's

accurate detection, early response, and Remote

Monitoring based on Internet of Things and Secured,

smart kitchen ensures Kitchen safety.

11 CONCLUSIONS

The Smart LPG Stove based on STM32F103C8T6

controller, on the other hand, aims to make the

kitchen safe by protecting it from the effects of gas,

flames, and utensils automatically, by recognizing the

risk of leakage and turning off the gas knob.

Customers may also feel more comfortable knowing

that the device is simple to install and use, and it can

help avoid disasters in the kitchen. In the system,

there are 4 sensors used (STM32F103C8T6 controller

board _ flame sensor _ gas sensor _ ultrasonic sensor

original).

You can enhance the project to add voice control,

multi-language, and mobile app compatibility

features. Overall, the smart LPG stove project is an

effective and useful of STM32F103C8T6 controller

technology that can improve the safety of your

kitchen significantly.

12 FUTURE SCOPE

The IoT- powered Automated Smart LPG Stove has

an extensive scope to grow and adapt, and the way

ahead can have a few suggestions for improvement in

the future.

Integration with Smart Home Systems: As the

Internet of Things evolves, the system can be

integrated into broader smart home ecosystems,

allowing seamless communication with other smart

devices, smoke alarms, ventilation systems, and fire

detectors.

Improved User Interface and Analytics:

Additionally, this information could be used to

develop more sophisticated online or mobile

applications with full data, allowing users to

contribute to monitoring safety events, reviewing gas

consumption over time and receiving guidelines for

improving energy efficiency.

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