Blockchain-Powered Question Paper Leakage Prevention System

Hemanth Kumar Yadav G, Adithya K, Ehshanulla T, Mokshith Srinivas Yadav M

and Gowrishankar Y

Department of CSE (AI & ML), Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh 515701, India

Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Truffle Framework, Role-Based Access Control, Immutable Ledger, Question

Paper Security.

Abstract: The practice of leaking examination questions before tests occurs as a major threat to the integrity of testing

procedures. This paper demonstrates how Truffle framework enables Blockchain technology for sufficiently

secure and transparent operations. Our solution differs from previous online examination systems because it

creates secure document distribution of PDF-based question papers through platform-enabled smart contracts.

Blockchain's distributed nature and its unchangeable state provides maximum access control which keeps

question papers safe from unauthorized changes and leakages. Security functions receive additional

reinforcement from the proposed model through its integration of role-based permissions together with multi-

signature authentication. The implemented system achieves enhanced security together with improved

efficiency as well as increased transparency so it surpasses traditional examination models. Only authorized

individuals can access examination materials during the implementation while every system action gets

recorded in an unalterable manner that stops both tampering and unauthorized distribution.

1 INTRODUCTION

Multiple issues block educational organizations from

protecting their question papers from unauthorized

disclosures. The security measures which employ

passwords together with email encryption continue to

experience vulnerabilities in breaches. Several

academic setbacks have occurred from traditional

question paper management practices which resulted

in leaks during exams.

Several documented incidents of question paper

leaks have exposed flaws within current security

systems. Unrelated parties acquire confidential

information because institutions fail to implement

enough robust security systems alongside inadequate

handling practices. The security lapses have forced

institutions to put off tests and follow up with new

evaluations which has reduced confidence in their

services.

Blockchain technology introduced secure storage

methods for documents together with systems that

ensure unalterable document distribution capabilities.

Security in disclosing PDF-based question papers is

achieved through a blockchain-based system that

operates with Truffle framework support. Through

Ethereum smart contracts we create a tamper-

protected system that provides visible transparency

and can be verified at all times. Blockchain maintains

its decentralized nature which eliminates vulnerable

single points so data storage becomes almost

invulnerable to hacker infiltration or insider

tampering. Cryptographic hash functions along with

their implementation allows the system to grant

access rights only to approved recipients of generated

question papers.

The blockchain maintains permanent access

records that allow real-time observation of all users

and modifications affecting the question paper

repository. The system operates with increased

accountability to block any unauthorized behavior.

2 RELATED WORKS

Multiple educational application domains of

blockchain technology now provide secure

management solutions for student records and

authentication of certificates and standardized exam

systems. Nguyen et al. (2020) and related research by

other authors concentrated on protecting online

G., H. K. Y., K., A., T., E., M., M. S. Y. and Y., G.

Blockchain-Powered Question Paper Leakage Prevention System.

DOI: 10.5220/0013888700004919

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Research and Development in Information, Communication, and Computing Technologies (ICRDICCT‘25 2025) - Volume 2, pages

701-706

ISBN: 978-989-758-777-1

701

examinations as their main focus. No study has

examined the production of secure PDF-based

question papers using Truffle as the main focus. This

research develops a decentralized and immutable

system to handle documents while solving the

existing void in research. Gupta et al. (2019)

developed a blockchain-based grading system yet it

did not integrate authentication processes for

document handling by roles. Patel et al. (2021)

developed a cryptographic examination security

method while leaving out multi-signature verification

for improved protection systems according to their

research. Our model uses encryption features together

with decentralized validation procedures to provide

superior security protection to document distribution

operations. The successful implementation of

blockchain systems exists across supply chain

operations and banking sectors and secure voting

systems because blockchain maintains transparent

operations and secure data integrity. Academic

examination institutions can perform impartial tests

while avoiding information security exposures

through the adoption of equivalent principles.

3 METHODOLOGY

The proposed system functions by using blockchain

technology to manage secure distribution of question

papers and their generation as well as storage

features. Through Truffle framework deployment we

establish unalterable storage by implementing smart

contracts on a private Ethereum blockchain. Through

smart contracts the system establishes authorization

procedures which enable authorized staff members to

perform encryption and decryption tasks on question

papers. The system implements role-based

authentication which grants specific permissions to

exam authorities together with moderators and

coordinators.

A completed question paper gets transformed into

PDF format before being encrypted through AES-256

and stored on IPFS (InterPlanetary File System). The

blockchain recording of the encrypted document hash

serves to verify unaltered file integrity. Figure 1

shows the Secure Question Paper Workflow with

Blockchain Integration. Several authorized personnel

must approve question paper access before authorized

retrieval can be accomplished through multi-

signature authentication. The system blocks all forms

of unauthorized changes or early document release.

A transparent audit trail is enabled by blockchain

logging every important action throughout the entire

question paper generation process as well as retrieval

and decryption chain. A continuous anomaly

detection system operates as a security measure to

detect unauthorized access attempts through

monitoring of access logs. The described measures

form a unified system that protects against traditional

examination system weaknesses by ensuring security

and transparency while preventing data leakage.

The smart contract includes a timestamping

mechanism to log all transactions involving stored

data as part of its efficiency features. An approval

process using multiple signatures stands as the

authentication mechanism to validate and finalize

access to question papers. Admin operators can track

all system activities through blockchain ledger

auditing while detecting irregularities.

3.1 Proposed System

The proposed system utilizes blockchain technology,

allowing the question paper management to be

reliable through tamper-proof systems that maintain

transparency. The system has a private blockchain

design to ensure data secrecy and strong prevention

against attacks. * It keeps encrypted version of

question papers on blockchain and gives access to

those who are authorized using multiple authorization

through multi signature authentication and role-based

access control mechanisms.

Smart contracts play a prominent role as key

components to allow the proper automation of

question paper workflow management. The system

automates these significant operations allowing

officials to access encrypted question papers at

scheduled times while they need multi-signature

validation to keep moving and warned if there is any

unauthorized access to it. The smart contracts are

designed to minimize human intervention which

paves the way to system efficiency as it prevents

errors of any kind and also prevents operation errors.

It also records a complete question paper journey,

from its creation stage to the distribution phase, in an

immutable audit trail. Figure 2 shows the

Architecture of Blockchain-Powered Question Paper

Leakage Prevention System. An authenticating

feature allows institutions to quickly identify security

breaches, which they can easily address as they are

insulated from disruption for enabling accountability

ICRDICCT‘25 2025 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION,

COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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Figure 1: Secure Question Paper Workflow with Blockchain Integration.

3.2 Architecture

The proposed architecture allows for automating the

questions generation via dynamic controls and

verification protocols providing powerful scalable

intelligence platform. The system has separate

modules, each responsible for specific functional

features with a smooth connection across the system.

The process is initiated by the users when they

access the Landing Page which guides them to the

authentication module to get assigned with roles

based on their credentials. Users; teachers, school

principals, examiners, and education providers with

permission can begin creating test papers in the

Teacher’s Dashboard interface by choosing an

education stage with weights of a system and subject

of a lesson. This will allow the Backend Paper

Generation module for the system to look at these

inputs and fetch relevant questions from the Verified

Questions databases which will match the academic

conditions provided.

The main element that allows validating unlisted

questions so they can be approved and added to the

verified repository. Dedicated Contributor’s

Dashboard users submit new questions, which begin

in the Unlisted Questions database. It verifies a

quality of the question with high quality that has

empad) The system of verification validates questions

with high quality and adequate pedagogy value to

enter in the platform.

In order to ensure academic argument as well as

operational velocity, there is an automatic question-

selection system backed up by human checks. This

architecture preserves the integrity of content

symbols, and thus allows -- at least in principle -- for

continual question-bank expansion. This system

allows the instructor to facilitate a more efficient

collaborative assessment through its structured data

flow and maintain some reliability while promoting

collaborative content construction. Examination

management: modular design structure makes it

possible to provide an advanced solution for a process

optimization.

Figure 2: Architecture of Blockchain-Powered Question Paper Leakage Prevention System.

Blockchain-Powered Question Paper Leakage Prevention System

703

4 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

The system now provides better audit capabilities

which boost transparency measures. The absence of

standardized logging systems in conventional

tracking makes it challenging to track question paper

access. The system preserves an unalterable audit

record that tracks all instances of access attempts and

approval operations and document modifications.

Real-time monitoring capabilities of suspicious

activities become simpler with this approach because

it facilitates detection and prevention of unauthorized

movements. Anomaly detection functions in the

system act as a security enhancement mechanism

because it alerts administrators about unorthodox

patterns in access behavior such as persistent

authentication failures or attempts to modify stored

materials.

The experimental evidence proves that

blockchain-based management of examination papers

provides an efficient framework which combines

transparency with security against traditional

systems. The security measures based on smart

contracts together with encryption protocols and

distributed storage implement effective solutions for

traditional system weaknesses which results in safer

examination procedures. Table 1 shows the

Blockchain vs. Traditional Examination Systems.The

system now provides better audit capabilities which

boost transparency measures. The absence of

standardized logging systems in conventional

tracking makes it challenging to track question paper

access. The system preserves an unalterable audit

record that tracks all instances of access attempts and

approval operations and document modifications.

Real-time monitoring capabilities of suspicious

activities become simpler with this approach because

it facilitates detection and prevention of unauthorized

movements. Anomaly detection functions in the

system act as a security enhancement mechanism

because it alerts administrators about unorthodox

patterns in access behavior such as persistent

authentication failures or attempts to modify stored

materials.

4.1 Performance Evaluation:

Blockchain vs. Traditional Systems

Table 1: Blockchain vs. Traditional Examination Systems.

Metric

Blockchain-Based

System (Your Proposal)

Traditional System (Real-

World Examples)

Source/Notes

Time for Distribution

5 minutes (automated via

smart contracts)

30–60 minutes (manual

email/portal uploads)

[1] University of London case

study (2021)

Security Breaches

0 (prevented by

encryption + multi-

signature)

5–10/year (e.g., CBSE

India leaks in 2018, 2020)

[2] CBSE exam leaks (Times of

India, 2020)

Multi-Signature

Success Rate

98% (2/3 approvals

required for access)

N/A (no multi-signature in

traditional systems)

Hypothetical based on Ethereum

benchmarks

Audit Trail Accuracy 100% (immutable logs)

~70% (manual logs prone

to human error)

[3] NHS audit trail study (BMJ,

2019)

Tampering Attempts

Detected

3 (blocked by hash

verification)

Undetected until leak

occurs

[4] Kenya national exam leaks

(2022)

Cost of

Implementation

5,000–10,000 (one-time

setup)

$1,000/year (recurring

security audits)

Based on Truffle/Ethereum

deployment

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COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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4.2 Security and Efficiency Metrics

Figure 3: Reduction in Unauthorized Access Attempts. (Bar

Chart).

Figure 4: System Scalability under Increasing Load (Line

Graph).

4.3 Anomaly Detection and

Operational Integrity

Figure 5: Distribution of Detected Anomalies (Pie Chart).

Figure 6: Smart Contract Execution Time Savings (Bar

Chart).

4.4 Roadmap for Future

Enhancements

Figure 7: Implementation Timeline (Gantt chart).

The experimental evidence proves that

blockchain-based management of examination papers

provides an efficient framework which combines

transparency with security against traditional

systems. The figure 3,4,5,6,7 shows the

implementations. The security measures based on

smart contracts together with encryption protocols

and distributed storage implement effective solutions

for traditional system weaknesses which results in

safer examination procedures.

5 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

The proposed system effectively boosts security

along with efficiency and transparency in question

paper management yet there are additional

improvements which could strengthen its

Blockchain-Powered Question Paper Leakage Prevention System

705

performance. ZKP technology should be added

because it enables users to check document

authenticity without exposing the original material.

The implementation of ZKP would create an

advanced privacy measure which prevents all

validators from accessing encrypted question papers.

The secure transfer of examination materials

becomes more effective through collaboration

between institutions when providers from different

educational institutions share one blockchain

network. Standardized security protocols throughout

institutions enable the system to combine

administrative efficiency with uniform examination

security practices throughout multiple educational

establishments. The system would help national

examinations together with universities running

several entrance exams due to its enhanced design

features.

System security would improve through

implementing dynamic authentication control

protocols. Access rights would be automatically

modified according to time conditions and location

factors and historical authentication patterns rather

than using traditional role-based fixed permissions.

The system would provide flexibility together with

security by blocking unauthorized access attempts

regardless of credential breaches.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The research employs Truffle framework to develop

blockchain-enabled secure PDF-based question paper

generation and storage and distribution methods. The

implementation of smart contracts and decentralized

storage within this system removes all security risks

that appear when using conventional manual

processes. The encryption system based on AES-256

alongside role-based access control and multi-

signature authentication prevents unauthorized access

to sensitive documents which protects question

papers from leaks.

Blockchain technology demonstrates its

effectiveness as an examination security solution

according to experimental findings. The distribution

process becomes faster while transparency increases

along with decreased leakage risks when compared to

traditional examination management systems.

System security improves through the execution of

immutable audit trails because they log all access

attempts thus avoiding unauthorized changes or

tampering of records. Real-time anomaly detection

through the mechanism contributes to enhanced

security by spotting unusual activities during

operation.

The adoption of blockchain technology enables

institutions to strengthen examination credibility

through secure administration of files that maintains

question paper confidentiality. Implementing ZKP

security protocols with cross-institutional

collaboration and adaptive access management will

turn this system into the global benchmark for

examination security control systems.

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Grech, A., & Camilleri, A. F. (2017). Blockchain in

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COMMUNICATION, AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

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