A Systematic Survey on IoT-Driven Smart Travel Case: Intelligent

Automation, Biometric Security, Autonomous Mobility

Navya R

, Sanchit V Hebbare, Sai Krishna N K and Manasa K R

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, India

Keywords Smart Suitcase, Blynk App, Color-Sensing, Auto-following, Obstacle Detection System.

Abstract: People frequently utilize luggage when moving from one location to another. One of the most serious issues

while traveling long distances is the protection of our belongings in the luggage. The Smart Suitcase project,

the subject of this article, aims to improve the travel experience for its user by improving security elements,

adding an auto-following feature, and digitizing the suitcase. The fingerprint unlocking technique, weight,

and location monitoring inside the program are all part of the security feature. An additional feature of the

program is a safety button that the user can press in case of danger. The Blynk app is the program that allows

the user to access the sensor reading. The color-sensing technology is employed to provide an additional

feature known as auto-following, in which the suitcase follows the color that the user is wearing. It also

features an obstacle detection system and an alert system when it comes into contact with an obstacle.

1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, a sizable portion of the population travels

two or three times a year for vacations. There are

several ways to travel, including by land, sea, and air.

But they all have one thing in common: the

packaging. Regardless of the mode of transportation,

all belongings must be packed appropriately. For each

type of travel, the suitcases or travel bags are

important components. You cannot overlook the

responsibilities that both traveling and storing play

since they are equally significant. When it comes to

traveling, the suitcase is important. Carrying your

possessions in a suitcase is essential when planning a

trip.

Suitcases have always ensured we could store our

belongings without any problem. However, the

security of the items inside the suitcase has always

been a major issue while traveling long distances.

There are several theft incidents that take place across

the globe, and one among them is the luggage thefts.

We all have experienced this or seen this mostly

happening in airports or railway stations. There are

reports from the Indian Railways that say that there

were over a total of 55,000+ cases of luggage thefts

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6706-263X

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2469-4936

and robberies of the passengers’ belongings. This

shows the significance of the protection of the

belongings in the suitcase.

The conventional suitcase has a normal design

and cannot ensure the security of the belongings of

the user inside the suitcase. It has to be locked by

using traditional methods such as padlocks and

chains; these padlocks or chains can be easily opened

with a sharp metal object, and the items inside the

suitcase can be stolen. There are many types of

luggage and bags available in the market. There are

many such drawbacks in a conventional suitcase.

Firstly, if the suitcase gets misplaced or lost, you

cannot know the weight of the suitcase unless you

measure it manually. Thirdly, there is no guaranteed

anti-theft protection. The above challenges can be

overcome by introducing Smart Suitcase.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

A survey of various methods for enhancing the

functionality of smart travel bags has been carried

out, focusing on IoT integration, biometric security,

and real-time tracking systems. Researchers have

R, N., Hebbare, S. V., N K, S. K. and K R, M.

A Systematic Survey on IoT-Driven Smart Travel Case: Intelligent Automation, Biometric Security, Autonomous Mobility.

DOI: 10.5220/0013632400004664

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology (INCOFT 2025) - Volume 3, pages 565-573

ISBN: 978-989-758-763-4

565

proposed multiple approaches to tackle issues such as

luggage theft, misplacement, and user convenience.

This section summarizes key techniques, highlighting

their merits and demerits to guide future

advancements in smart luggage technology.

Pavithran B & Ragunath R et al., (Pavithran,

Ragunath, et al. , 2024), the paper proposes a smart

luggage system integrating IoT and biometric

technologies to enhance security and tracking. It

addresses issues like theft, loss, and inefficient

tracking in traditional systems by combining real-

time location tracking with biometric authentication.

The IoT-enabled module provides precise tracking

through GPS and Bluetooth, while the biometric unit

ensures access for authorized users only. A

centralized server processes data, and a mobile app

offers real-time monitoring and notifications. The

system employs secure communication protocols and

optimized power management, ensuring reliability

during travel. Testing revealed high accuracy in

location tracking and robust biometric performance

with low false rejection rates. Users appreciated the

intuitive interface and extended battery life, making

it practical for long trips. The dual-layered approach

improves both security and user confidence. Future

scalability includes features like weight sensors and

advanced biometrics (e.g., facial recognition). The

study highlights challenges like network stability and

emphasizes secure data handling. Overall, this

innovative system sets a new standard for luggage

management, providing travellers with peace of mind

and an enhanced experience.

Sakshi Jain & Skanda Aithal et al., (Jain, Aithal,

et al. , 2023), this paper presents a luggage tracking

system leveraging IoT, GSM, and GPS technologies

for real-time location tracking and enhanced luggage

security. The system integrates a microcontroller,

GPS module, GSM module, and IoT platform for

seamless communication and precise geographical

tracking. IoT enables remote monitoring, providing

real-time updates and alerts, while GPS ensures

accurate location data and GSM facilitates reliable

data transmission. The architecture includes an

Arduino Uno microcontroller with NEO-6M GPS and

SIM900L GSM modules. The system transmits GPS

data via GSM to an IoT platform, which processes

and displays luggage location. A Proteus software

simulation confirmed system feasibility, showcasing

precise location display through latitude and

longitude. Key benefits include real-time updates,

cost-effectiveness, and enhanced security. Potential

applications span airports, hotels, and transportation.

Limitations include coverage area and operational

costs. Future improvements suggest adding sensors

for temperature and motion and developing a

dedicated mobile application. This compact, low-

power system shows significant potential for

revolutionizing luggage tracking in diverse

industries.

Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda et al. (Shareeda and

Manickam, 2023), this paper outlines the design of a

smart suitcase using STM32 microcontrollers

integrated with GPS, GSM, and Bluetooth

technologies to address common travel issues like

lost luggage and security. Key features include smart

locking/unlocking, anti-lost alarms, GPS tracking,

and automated movement with infrared obstacle

detection. The system architecture uses an

STM32F103 microcontroller as the core, controlling

modules like A7GSM/GPRS/GPS for location

tracking and BLE 4.0 for short-range communication.

A mobile app interfaces with the suitcase for GPS

data retrieval and smart control. The relay module and

GPIO ports enable functionalities like alarm

triggering and unlocking. Testing and

implementation use TCP protocol for reliable

communication and Peanut Shell for intranet

mapping, ensuring connectivity across networks. The

design prioritizes low power consumption,

scalability, and robust communication. Future

advancements include enhancing security protocols

and integrating RFID for seamless tracking. The

project significantly improves travel convenience and

luggage management by leveraging IoT technologies.

Nikita R. Hatwar, Manisha N. Amnerkar et al.,

(Hatwar, Amnerkar, et al. , 2023). The Robo-Case

Human Following Suitcase is an innovative travel

solution that transforms conventional luggage into a

smart, autonomous companion. Built with Arduino

Uno Wi-Fi, ultrasonic sensors, GPS tracking, and DC

motors, the suitcase autonomously follows its user,

detects and avoids obstacles, and provides real-time

GPS location updates for enhanced convenience and

security. The Arduino Uno serves as the central

controller, enabling seamless communication with a

mobile app, while the ultrasonic sensor ensures

obstacle detection in crowded spaces. GPS tracking

further secures the luggage, allowing users to monitor

its location through their smartphones. Powered by a

lithium-ion battery, the Robo-Case includes digital

locking, Bluetooth integration, and optional manual

or autonomous driving modes. This system's

architecture combines hardware components such as

ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU Wi-Fi modules, GPS,

and accelerometers with software developed using

Arduino IDE, embedded C programming, and

Bluetooth communication. The suitcase uses

accelerometers and magnetometers to estimate the

INCOFT 2025 - International Conference on Futuristic Technology

566

user's movement, ensuring accurate tracking. The

Robo-Case offers hands-free operation, making it

especially useful in dynamic environments like

airports and train stations. It is designed to cater to

diverse user groups, including the physically

challenged, elderly, and children, enhancing

accessibility and convenience. Testing demonstrated

the Robo-Case's adaptability across real-world

scenarios, highlighting its potential to address

common travel challenges like luggage theft and loss.

Future enhancements aim to integrate fingerprint

scanners, USB ports, and Wi-Fi connectivity to

expand functionality while keeping the product

affordable and user-friendly. By combining advanced

robotics, IoT, and eco-friendly power sources like

solar charging, the Robo-Case sets a new benchmark

in smart luggage technology. It simplifies travel,

ensures the safety of belongings, and offers an

unparalleled user experience, making it a

revolutionary innovation in the travel industry.

Prof. Sachin B. Pawar, et al., (Pawar, Patil, et al. ,

2023), the paper discusses a human-following

luggage-carrying robot, designed to address

challenges associated with carrying heavy luggage

during travel. This robot employs advanced

technologies such as RSSI (Received Signal Strength

Indicator), Bluetooth Low Energy, and a combination

of sensors to autonomously track and follow a user,

maintaining a safe distance while navigating various

environments. The system's key components include

an ESP-32 microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, a

magnetometer, motor drivers, and DC motors,

support. These components are integrated into a

compact design capable of detecting obstacles and

ensuring directional accuracy. The robot's

functionality is centered on RSSI technology for

accurate distance measurement and human target

localization. A smartphone app facilitates user

interaction, providing control through a Bluetooth

connection while sharing critical data like the

azimuth angle. The robot's ultrasonic sensors detect

and avoid obstacles, while a buzzer provides alerts. A

gyroscopic sensor enhances mobility, and the motor

driver controls the movement and speed of the robot.

Testing under real-world conditions demonstrated the

robot's ability to follow its user and adapt to dynamic

environments like airports and train stations. The

robot offers significant convenience, particularly for

individuals with physical challenges, by automating

luggage handling and reducing manual effort. Future

improvements aim to include additional sensors, Wi-

Fi control, and machine learning algorithms to

enhance performance and efficiency. This innovation

highlights the potential of human-following robots to

revolutionize personal and commercial applications,

particularly in travel and logistics, by combining

convenience, efficiency, and cutting-edge

technology.

Abhishek Jagtap, Ashutosh Kabra et al., (Jagtap,

Kabra, et al. , 2022) The paper discusses a smart

luggage system designed to enhance the convenience

and security of travellers. By incorporating advanced

technologies like NodeMCU, ultrasonic sensors, IR

sensors, and motor drivers, the system provides both

automatic and manual control modes to address

common luggage challen.ges. The automatic

decision-making module utilizes sensors to detect

obstacles and adjust the movement of the luggage

autonomously, while the manual mode allows users

to control the luggage through a mobile app powered

by the Blynk platform. This dual functionality

ensures flexibility for users based on their needs and

preferences. The hardware includes an ESP8266 Wi-

Fi module for connectivity, HC-SR04 ultrasonic

sensors for obstacle detection, L298N motor drivers

for motor control, and DC motors for movement.

Additional features include a solar-powered battery

system to ensure extended usability and a mobile

application interface for seamless interaction. The

ultrasonic sensors maintain a safe distance from

users, and the IR sensors handle precise obstacle

avoidance. This combination of technologies enables

the system to follow users automatically, ensuring a

hassle-free experience. The research highlights

various use cases, including luggage tracking and

theft prevention. GPS integration allows real-time

location tracking, while GSM ensures connectivity

for remote operations. The inclusion of solar cells

provides an eco-friendly charging solution. The

system is built to operate efficiently in crowded areas

like airports and train stations, ensuring user

convenience and security. The paper also explores the

use of voice commands and RFID technology to

expand functionality. Testing confirmed the system's

ability to autonomously follow users, stop when

obstacles are detected, and respond effectively in both

control modes. Future enhancements could include

GPS-based tracking for wider operational ranges,

additional utilities like USB ports, fingerprint locks

for enhanced security, and larger-scale

implementation for mass adoption. This innovative

solution addresses traditional luggage challenges by

merging IoT, robotics, and automation, offering a

reliable and user-friendly alternative for travellers.

The system represents a significant step toward

smarter, more efficient luggage management,

A Systematic Survey on IoT-Driven Smart Travel Case: Intelligent Automation, Biometric Security, Autonomous Mobility

567

promising a better travel experience for users

worldwide.

Prof. Siddhesh Khanvilkar et al., (Khanvilkar,

Bhurke, et al. , 2022), The paper introduces a smart

luggage system that integrates IoT technologies to

enhance convenience and security for travelers. The

system incorporates key features such as real-time

tracking using GPS and GSM, human-following

capability, and anti-theft mechanisms, designed to

automate and simplify luggage management. The

primary innovation involves a self-propelling

suitcase that follows the user autonomously, using IR

and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and

navigation. These sensors measure the distance

between the suitcase and the user, ensuring it

maintains a safe following distance. The system

employs an Arduino UNO microcontroller to process

data and control the movement of wheels based on

sensor inputs. When the user moves, the suitcase

calculates the relative distance and adjusts its

direction accordingly. In addition to its human-

following feature, the suitcase includes a mobile SMS

system that allows users to interact with it remotely.

By sending commands, users can activate the GPS to

locate the suitcase in case of theft or loss. Upon

receiving a "TRACK" command, the GPS

coordinates are sent back to the user via SMS. This

functionality is complemented by anti-theft alerts,

where the suitcase can notify the user if it is moved

without authorization. The inclusion of three IR

sensors—placed at the front, right, and left—enables

the system to navigate around obstacles dynamically.

If an obstacle is detected on one side, the suitcase

adjusts its path to avoid collisions while continuing to

follow the user. The paper also highlights potential

use cases for this system, particularly in crowded

environments like airports and train stations, where

managing heavy luggage can be challenging. The

luggage system is designed to alleviate the physical

burden of carrying bags, particularly for individuals

with mobility issues or those traveling with

significant baggage. A flow diagram in the paper

illustrates the decision-making process of the system,

showing how it shifts between manual remote-control

mode and automatic following mode based on user

preference. In manual mode, users can control the

movement of the suitcase via a smartphone

application, powered by the NodeMCU platform and

Blynk interface. Testing results demonstrate the

system's effectiveness in real-world scenarios. The

suitcase successfully follows users, stops when

obstacles are detected, and provides real-time

location updates upon request. This innovative

approach to luggage management significantly

improves the travel experience by addressing

common issues such as theft, loss, and physical strain.

Future enhancements proposed include integrating

solar charging capabilities, biometric locking

mechanisms, and advanced navigation technologies

like GPS-enabled path planning. This system

represents a significant step forward in the evolution

of smart luggage, leveraging IoT, robotics, and

automation to deliver a practical and user-friendly

solution for modern travellers. By addressing

traditional challenges and incorporating cutting-edge

features, the Smart Luggage System has the potential

to redefine how people travel with their belongings.

Sowmya B J, Supriya M (Sowmya and Supriya,

2021), The paper presents a robot-controlled car

utilizing voice commands and Wi-Fi technology,

showcasing advancements in robotics and

automation. The project integrates the ESP32

microcontroller with Google speech recognition

technology, allowing users to control the robot using

an Android smartphone. Voice commands are

converted into text via speech-to-text processing, and

the text data is transmitted to the microcontroller via

Bluetooth. The robot can execute commands such as

forward, backward, left, right, and stop, making it

versatile for various tasks. Additionally, an IR sensor

is employed to detect obstacles and enable

autonomous collision avoidance. The project

leverages the Blynk app, a user-friendly Android

application, to provide manual controls, ensuring

accessibility for users with varying technical

expertise. The design includes a comprehensive

architecture featuring DC motors, a motor driver

(L298N), and Bluetooth and Wi-Fi integration. The

robot is equipped with a power supply that includes

voltage regulators to support the smooth operation of

all components. The ESP32 microcontroller acts as

the central hub, coordinating data transmission and

controlling motor movements. The system also

includes IR sensors for obstacle detection, enabling

the robot to autonomously adjust its path when

obstructions are encountered. This dual

functionality—manual control via the Blynk app and

autonomous navigation using sensors—makes the

robot adaptable for multiple use cases. One of the

project’s strengths lies in its use of speech recognition

technology, which enhances human-robot interaction

by providing an intuitive interface. The voice

commands are processed in real time, making the

system efficient for applications requiring immediate

response. The robot’s ability to detect obstacles and

avoid collisions autonomously is particularly

valuable in environments where manual control may

be limited. The inclusion of Wi-Fi technology

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extends its operational range, allowing remote control

even beyond Bluetooth’s typical limitations. Testing

demonstrated the robot's functionality in various

scenarios, including manual navigation via the Blynk

app and autonomous operation in obstacle-rich

environments. The project also explored the potential

of integrating additional technologies, such as GPS

for location tracking and IoT applications for

enhanced connectivity. Future developments could

include expanding the robot's capabilities for

industrial, commercial, and research applications. For

instance, integrating a camera module for live

streaming or implementing solar charging could

further enhance its utility. This innovation represents

a significant step forward in robotics, blending voice

recognition, sensor-based navigation, and wireless

communication to create a robust and user-friendly

system. The project highlights the growing

importance of voice-controlled robotics in

automating repetitive and hazardous tasks,

showcasing its potential in fields such as security,

manufacturing, and healthcare. By combining

affordability with advanced features, this robot-

controlled car demonstrates the feasibility of

developing accessible yet sophisticated robotic

systems for a wide range of applications.

Abhilash G, Chetan S, et al., (Abhilash, Chetan, et

al. , 2024), The paper presents the development of a

multi-secure access smart suitcase that combines IoT

technologies with advanced security features such as

fingerprint authentication, face recognition, and

password verification to ensure maximum security

for travellers. This system is designed to allow access

only to authorized users, while any unauthorized

attempt triggers an alarm and sends notifications to

the owner’s smartphone via the Blynk app. The

suitcase is equipped with a Pi Camera, Raspberry Pi,

Arduino Uno, and a fingerprint scanner, making it

highly functional and user-friendly. The methodology

involves a three-layer security process. First, the

system uses fingerprint authentication to verify the

user's identity. If successful, it proceeds to face

recognition, where the Pi Camera captures an image

of the user, and the Raspberry Pi processes the image

using feature extraction algorithms to confirm

identity. Finally, password authentication is

performed for additional security. All authorized user

data, including fingerprints, photos, and passwords,

are stored securely in a database, ensuring efficient

verification. The smart suitcase also includes anti-

theft features. In case of unauthorized access or

tampering, the system immediately sends an alert to

the owner through the Android app, providing real-

time updates on the suitcase's status. The Pi Camera

captures the image of the individual attempting

unauthorized access, further enhancing its security

capabilities. Additionally, the suitcase integrates GPS

tracking, allowing users to monitor its location in

real-time, providing convenience and peace of mind.

The architecture incorporates essential hardware

components like the Arduino Uno for processing, the

Raspberry Pi for image recognition, a keypad for

password input, and a fingerprint sensor for biometric

authentication. The software stack includes tools such

as Arduino IDE, Python 3.5, OpenCV, and PyCharm,

enabling seamless communication between the

hardware and the Android application. The system's

operation is demonstrated using real-world scenarios,

showcasing its ability to prevent unauthorized access

effectively while maintaining ease of use. The authors

highlight the system's practicality, emphasizing its

ability to cater to diverse user groups, including

frequent travelers, elderly individuals, and business

professionals who prioritize security. The suitcase

combines innovative features like remote monitoring,

automated alerts, and biometric authentication,

positioning it as a comprehensive solution for modern

luggage management. Testing confirmed the system's

ability to operate under varying conditions,

demonstrating its reliability and robustness. Future

enhancements could include integrating solar panels

for power efficiency, expanding storage capabilities,

and utilizing AI for improved face recognition

accuracy. This smart suitcase addresses common

challenges such as theft, unauthorized access, and

luggage mismanagement, offering a secure,

convenient, and technologically advanced alternative

to traditional luggage. By merging IoT, biometrics,

and user-friendly interfaces, the project showcases

the potential of smart luggage systems to

revolutionize the travel experience, ensuring security

and convenience for users.

P.L. Santhana Krishnan et al., (Krishnan, Valli, et

al. , 2020), The paper introduces a smart luggage

carrier system designed to revolutionize travel by

integrating advanced IoT and automation

technologies. Built using Nano Arduino, the system

provides a hands-free luggage management solution

that follows the user automatically while ensuring

robust security through GPS and GSM tracking. The

carrier uses ultrasonic sensors to maintain a safe

following distance of approximately 1-2 meters,

adjusting its path dynamically to avoid obstacles. The

user interacts with the system via a smartwatch that

transmits commands, enabling seamless operation

even in crowded environments like airports. The

system also features anti-theft capabilities, allowing

users to locate misplaced or stolen luggage using GPS

A Systematic Survey on IoT-Driven Smart Travel Case: Intelligent Automation, Biometric Security, Autonomous Mobility

569

tracking and GSM notifications. Key hardware

components include a Nano Arduino microcontroller,

ultrasonic sensors, geared DC motors, and a

gyroscope sensor, all powered by a rechargeable 12V

battery. The ultrasonic sensors send sound waves to

measure distances and guide the luggage's

movements, while the gyroscope ensures stability

during navigation. The DC motors, equipped with

gear reduction for high torque and reduced speed,

enable the carrier to handle significant weight with

ease. Software tools like Keil μVision and embedded

C programming are used to program the

microcontroller, ensuring precise control of the

system's functionalities. The anti-theft feature is a

standout component, leveraging GPS and GSM

modules to send location updates to the user’s mobile

device in case of unauthorized access. If the distance

between the user and the luggage exceeds the

predefined limit, a buzzer alerts the user, adding

another layer of security. The system’s dual operation

modes—autonomous and manual—make it adaptable

to various user preferences and travel scenarios.

Users can switch between modes based on

convenience, ensuring flexibility and reliability.

Testing demonstrated the system's efficiency in real-

world scenarios, such as navigating through busy

terminals and adapting to dynamic environments. The

luggage consistently maintained a safe following

distance, avoided obstacles effectively, and provided

accurate location updates. Future enhancements

could include additional features like fingerprint-

based locking systems, USB charging ports, and AI-

powered route optimization for improved

functionality and user experience. This innovative

luggage system addresses long-standing challenges in

travel, such as physical strain from carrying heavy

bags and the risk of theft or loss. By combining IoT,

automation, and advanced tracking technologies, the

Smart Luggage Carrier System represents a

significant step forward in travel convenience and

security. The integration of cutting-edge components

and user-friendly interfaces ensures that the system is

not only efficient but also accessible to a broad

audience, including elderly travellers and individuals

with physical limitations. This project underscores

the potential of smart technologies to transform

everyday tasks, making travel safer, more

comfortable, and stress-free for users worldwide.

Sachin Tom, Jacob. P. Oommen, Anoop. P (Tom,

Oommen, et al. , 2018), The paper introduces a

human-following smart trolley utilizing advanced

automation and IoT technologies to enhance

functionality and convenience in various sectors,

including supermarkets, Medicare, and material

handling in industries. The trolley features human-

following navigation, auto parking, anti-theft

mechanisms, and auto bill generation, aiming to

revolutionize the shopping and service experience.

The navigation system employs a Kinect sensor,

originally developed for Xbox, to track and follow a

human by identifying skeletal movements. The

trolley maintains a safe distance from the user while

dynamically avoiding obstacles. The Mecanum

wheels facilitate directional movement, ensuring

smooth navigation in confined spaces such as

shopping aisles. The system also includes a line-

following mechanism for automated parking, where

infrared sensors detect the surfaces and guide the

trolley to designated parking spots. To prevent theft,

the trolley is equipped with Wi-Fi-based theft

features using CU. When the trolley moves beyond a

defined perimeter, the system detects reduced Wi-Fi

signal strength and triggers an alarm. This feature

ensures that the trolley remains within its designated

area, providing both security and operational

efficiency. The trolley's billing system integrates

RFID. scanned in the trolley, they are scanned

automatically, creating a decentralized billing system

that eliminates long checkout lines. ology, where

each item has an RFID tag, and the trolley is equipped

with an RFID reader. As items are placed in the

trolley, they are scanned automatically, creating a

decentralized billing system that eliminates long

checkout lines. The data is tricorporate an Arduino

Mega for processing, motorizing, and saving time

with a Bluetooth module for an experience. The

trolley also incorporates an Arduino Mega for

processing, motor drivers, and a Bluetooth module

for wireless communication, making it both

intelligent and user-friendly. The paper highlights the

potential of this smart trolley in other sectors, such as

healthcare, in Industry 4.0. would serve as a nurse-

following robot, or in industries for material

handling, particularly with the rise of Industry 4.0.

Future enhancements could include integrating a

mobile app for full control and payment, GPS for

outdoor navigation, and additional security features

like fingerprint authentication. The implementation

of such technologies positions the smart trolley as a

transformative tool, combining convenience,

efficiency, and security. The authors acknowledge

challenges such as crowded environments and

potential navigation errors but emphasize the

Adephagan-following Smart Trolley and the

Mecanum wheel design in addressing these issues. By

merging automation with IoT, the human-following

smart trolley represents a significant step towards

fully automated systems, catering to modern

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consumer demands and setting the stage for

innovative applications in various industries. This

smart trolley exemplifies how robotics and IoT can

improve daily tasks, offering a glimpse into the future

of automated living and smart technologies.

Table 1: Comparison of Survey

Ref Title Of Paper Authors Main highlight of

research

Limitations Prime Benefits

1. Smart luggage

tracking and

biometric

based security

system using IoT

Pavithran B Integration of IoT and

biometric authentication

for real-time luggage

tracking and secure

access

Limited exploration of

advanced biometrics

and potential network

instability in diverse

environments.

Enhanced luggage

security and

convenience through

real-time monitoring

and dual-layered

rotection.

2. Smart luggage

tracking using IoT

and GPS

technology

Sakshi Jain Utilizes IoT, GPS, and

GSM for real-time

luggage tracking and

location updates.

Coverage area and

operational costs can

hinder performance in

diverse conditions.

Provides cost-

effective and reliable

tracking for

enhanced luggage

securit

3. IoT technology

and STM32

microcontroller

based design of

smart suitcase

Mahmood

Combines STM32

microcontroller with

GPS, GSM, and bluetooth

for smart luggage

automation and tracking.

Limited scalability and

reliance on basic

communication

protocols without

advanced integration.

Offers seamless real-

time tracking and

smart locking

features for

enhanced travel

convenience.

4. Robocase human

following suitcase

Nikita R.

Hatwar

Features a human-

following smart luggage

system with obstacle

avoidance and GPS

trackin

for automation.

Limited weight

capacity and

dependency on line-

of-sight tracking

methods.

Provides hands-

free luggage

management with

real-time tracking

and theft

revention.

5. Human following

luggage carrying

robot

Prof. Sachin

B. Pawar

Introduces a voice-

controlled robot car with

bluetooth and Wi-Fi for

navigation and obstacle

avoidance.

Limited range of

operation due to

reliance on bluetooth

and lack of advanced

autonomous features.

Offers intuitive

voice-command-

based control for

efficient and user-

friendl

eration

6. Smart luggage

system

Abhishek

Jagtap

Combines multi-layer

security features

including fingerprint, face

recognition, and GPS

tracking for a smart

suitcase.

High dependency on

multiple hardware

components increases

system complexity and

cost.

Ensures maximum

security and real-

time tracking,

enhancing

convenience for

travelers.

7. Antitheft and

multifunctional

smart suitcase with

real-time tracking

system

Prof.

Siddhesh

Khanvilkar

Introduces a smart

luggage system with

GPS and GSM for real-

time tracking and human-

following functionality.

Limited obstacle

detection accuracy in

complex environments

and dependency on

SMS-based

communication.

Provides hands-

free mobility and

anti-theft tracking,

enhancing

convenience and

security for users.

8. Robot controlled

car using voice

and Wi-Fi module

Sowmya B

Develops a robot-

controlled car with real-

time voice control and

Wi-Fi module for

navigation and obstacle

detection.

Limited operational

range due to reliance

on bluetooth and Wi-

Fi connectivity.

Provides intuitive

and efficient robotic

navigation using

voice commands and

autonomous

collision avoidance.

9. Development of

multi secure

access-smart

suitcase using IoT

Abhilash G Features a multi-secure

smart suitcase

integrating fingerprint,

face recognition, and

password authentication

with IoT.

Complex

implementation with

high dependency on

hardware components

and cost.

Provides enhanced

security and real-

time alerts, ensuring

safety for travelers’

belongings.

A Systematic Survey on IoT-Driven Smart Travel Case: Intelligent Automation, Biometric Security, Autonomous Mobility

571

10. Smart luggage

carrier system with

theft

prevention and

real time

trackingusing

nano Arduino

structure

P. L.

Santhana

Krishnan

Features a smart

luggage carrier system

with GPS, GSM tracking,

and human-following

capabilities using Nano

Arduino.

Limited weight

capacity and reliance

on predefined

distances for obstacle

avoidance.

Provides hands-

free luggage

management and

anti-theft tracking

for secure and

convenient travel.

11. Design and

fabrication of

human following

smart trolley using

Kinect sensor for

diverse

lications

Sachin Tom Features a human-

following smart trolley

with Kinect sensor for

navigation, auto billing

via RFID, and theft

prevention mechanisms.

Navigation challenges

in crowded

environments and

dependency on

specific technologies

like Kinect and Wi-Fi.

Enhances

shopping efficiency

through automated

billing, hands-free

navigation, and

improved theft

revention.

3 CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we have reviewed recent advancements

in smart luggage systems, focusing on integrating

IoT, biometric, and autonomous technologies to

enhance luggage security, tracking, and user

convenience. IoT-enabled systems are commonly

used for real-time location tracking and monitoring,

with GPS and GSM technologies being the preferred

methods due to their accuracy and reliability.

Biometric authentication, particularly fingerprint

scanning, is widely adopted to ensure authorized

access. Autonomous features like human-following

capabilities and obstacle detection further improve

usability in dynamic environments. Key approaches

combine hardware components such as

microcontrollers, Bluetooth modules, and sensors

with software solutions for seamless communication

and intuitive mobile app interfaces. Power-efficient

designs, scalable architecture, and secure

communication protocols are prioritized to enhance

reliability during travel. Techniques like real-time

GPS updates, biometric locking, and low-power

optimizations have shown significant promise in

addressing theft, misplacement, and manual handling

challenges. Challenges such as network stability,

limited coverage, and operational costs persist,

requiring improved scalability and advanced

technologies like RFID integration, advanced

biometrics (e.g., facial recognition), and eco-friendly

power solutions. Future research should focus on

addressing these limitations, enhancing

sustainability, and integrating more robust security

mechanisms to ensure user confidence and expand

functionality. Finally, research gaps and future

directions were highlighted to guide innovation in

smart luggage technology.

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