Design and Simulation of Smiley Patch Antenna for 5G Band

Application

Neetu Agrawal

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India

Keywords: 5G, Patch Antenna, Return Loss, Gain and Directivity.

Abstract: Fifth Generation (5G) is the most recent version, has been released at high frequencies, often known as

millimetre waves. The antenna is a crucial part of wireless communication. In this paper, a Micro- strip patch

antenna with partial ground plane structures for 5G mm–wave application is presented. The proposed antenna

design on Rogers RT5880 substrates with tangent loss 0.0009, Epsilon 2.2 and thickness 0.8mm. A compact

monopole patch antennas resonates at 26 GHz and operating band 24.4-28.2 GHz. The achieved gain 6.93

dB, return loss -25 dB and radiation efficiency 97% at resonance. The proposed antenna is simulated on CST

MWS-18 version.

1 INTRODUCTION

A device that emits or receives electromagnetic

waves is called an antenna. It acts as an interface

between a transmitter/receiver and open space,

through the conversion of electrical signals into

electromagnetic waves and vice versa facilitating

wireless communication. In wireless communication

systems such as satellite communication, GPS, cell

phones, and radar, a micro strip patch antenna is a

popular antenna type. Because of their low profile,

lightweight design, and simplicity in manufacturing

utilizing printed circuit board (PCB) technology,

these antennas are widely used (Balani, 2016),

(Kraus, John, et al. , 1973). The components of a

typical micro strip patch antenna are a patch, ground

plane, feed line, and dielectric substrate. A patch is a

radiating element that is usually composed of a

conducting substance, such as gold or copper. It is

positioned above a substrate that is dielectric

(Agrawal, 2020). The antenna's working frequency

and efficiency are influenced by the dielectric

substrate, which also offers mechanical support.

Teflon, Rogers, and FR4 are typical materials. On the

other side of the substrate lies, a conducting layer

called the Ground Plane. The feed line excites the

patch. The fringing fields around the outer edges of a

patch antenna cause it to radiate. The patch functions

as a resonant cavity that produces electromagnetic

waves when it is activated by an RF signal. The

patch's size and the substrate's characteristics are the

main factors that affect the resonant frequency. Micro

strip patch antennas play a key role in 5G wireless

networks because of their small size, low weight,

simplicity of integration with printed circuit boards

(PCBs), and appropriateness for high-frequency

operation, especially in millimetre-wave (mm Wave)

bands (24 GHz to 40 GHz and beyond). Essential

parameters of 5G are high frequency operate in sub 6

GHz and mm wave band, high gain, compact size and

wide band width (Agrawal, Neetu, et al. , 2021). This

paper covers the design and performance

characteristics of a single-band micro strip patch

antenna suited for 5G technology. The Rogers 3003

substrate was used to create the micro strip planar

antenna, which allowed for excellent efficiency and

stable characteristics in the 26 GHz 5G operating

spectrum described in the research (Slowik, Nowak,

et al. , 2024). In this study, a novel 4x8 micro strip

patch array antenna that operates in the 26 GHz range

is presented. The suggested antenna is built on a

Rogers Duroid RT5880 substrate that is 0.508 mm in

height and has a dielectric constant of 2.2. The

antenna simulation result exhibit excellent

performance with a 1.1 GHz bandwidth, a 21.26 dBi

gain, and a small dimension of 110 x 80 mm 2, all of

which are highly promising for 5G V2X

communications (Band, 2024). This article describes

the design of a rectangular micro strip patch antenna

operating in the 26 GHz band, as well as the

construction of antenna arrays based on this design.

778

Agrawal, N.

Design and Simulation of Smiley Patch Antenna for 5G Band Application.

DOI: 10.5220/0013585700004664

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology (INCOFT 2025) - Volume 1, pages 778-782

ISBN: 978-989-758-763-4

Beam steering may be accomplished by introducing

an appropriate phase difference between the array

parts (Ghenjeti, Barrak, et al. , 2023). This research

presents a high-gain broadband parasitic micro strip

antenna operating at 26 GHz for 5G and Internet of

Things applications (Pal, Bandyopadhyay, et al. ,

2023). The objective of this research is to improve the

antenna's gain and other radiation properties by

combining many slot configurations into a single

rectangular patch, which is frequently found in other

5G antennas. This antenna operates on 26 and 28 GHz

band, most widely used in 5G (Şeker, Güneşer, et al.

, 2019). Many MIMO antenna for 5G-band

application using PCB technology is presented

(Agrawal, Gupta, et al. , 2003), (Agrawal, Gupta, et

al. , 2020), (Agrawal, Gupta, et al. , 2022), (Agrawal,

Gupta, et al. , 2024).

2 ANTENNA DESIGN

The proposed antenna perspective view is shown in

Figure 1 and geometric front view and back view is

shown in Figure 2. The physical dimensions is

depicted in Table 1. The CST tool optimized the

design parameters after they are determined using the

standard feed line and circular patch formula. The

proposed antenna is design on Rogers’s 5880

substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a loss

tangent of 0.0009. The overall circuit board size is

27*38* 0.8 mm

to fit inside medium and big touch

screen smart phones of today. On the top of Rogers

substrate, a circular shape patch with radius of 9.7

mm is inserted and modified micro strip feed line is

used with proper impedance matching.

The radiating patch includes two circular slot look

like eyes, one rectangular slot as nose and half-moon

shape slot as mouth, which look like as smile face.

The slotted patch antenna produces desired antenna

parameters. At the bottom of substrate, a partial

ground plane is made with perfect conductor material

instead of full ground gives good results. The ground

plane size 27mm* 12.6 mm.

Table 1: Physical dimension of antenna

Parameters w l fw1 fl1

Size (mm) 27 38 2.9 3.3

Parameters fw2 fl2 gw gl

Size (mm) 1 9.9 27 12.6

Figure 1: Perspective view

a) Front view b) Back View

Figure 2: Geometric views of proposed design

Figure 3: Return Loss (S

) of proposed antenna

Design and Simulation of Smiley Patch Antenna for 5G Band Application

779

Figure 4: Directivity of proposed antenna

Figure 5: Gain of proposed antenna

3 SIMULATED RESULTS

The proposed antenna result like return loss (S

gain and directivity, are all simulated using CST

(Computer Simulation Tool). Figure 3 shows the

return loss of Smile shape micro strip Patch Aantenna

(MSPA).

The simulationn result of return loss is -25 dB at

26 GHz resonance frequency, the impedance

bandwidth is 3.8 GHZ, and operating band range is

24.4-28.2GHz. The proposed antenna has directivity

7.05dB as shown Figure 4 and maximum gain 6.98

dB as shown in Figure 5.

4 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF

PROPOSED ANTENNA

The proposed antenna is designed for 5G application.

Several antennas have been mentioned in the

literature, which resonates at 26 GHz mm wave band.

In terms of impedance bandwidth, return loss, gain

and directivity performance parameters of proposed

antenna, are compared with existing antennas

including application and its type. Table 2 shows a

comparison of 5G antenna resonates at 26 GHz based

on enhanced performance with modern literature. In

terms of impedance bandwidth, proposed antenna has

wide band almost 3.8GHz as compared to all reported

antenna except antenna design using DGS. The gain

of proposed antenna is better than antenna design

referenced (Oliveira, Goncalves, et al. , 2021),

(Taweel, et al. , 2018) and has directivity 7.05 dB is

better than referenced antenna (Oliveira, Goncalves,

et al. , 2021).The return loss is 25 dB at resonance

which is better than antenna design (Oliveira,

Goncalves, et al. , 2021). Directivity parameter are

not given most of designs like (Aziz, , et al. , 2003),

(Al-Taweel, et al. , 2018), (Ghenjeti, Barrak, et al. ,

2023). Impedance bandwidth is not given in (Saha,

Mandal, et al. , 2024) antenna designs and gain is not

mentioned in (Saha, Mandal, et al. , 2024) antenna

design. However, proposed antenna has included all-

important parameters. The proposed antenna has wide

bandwidth, suitable gain, return loss and directivity as

per standard, which is important for 5G antenna.

5 CONCLUSIONS

An optimzed modified single band high bandwidth

micros tip patch antenna that is appropriate for 5G

wireless communication is presented in this study.

This study introduces a circular patch antenna that

resembles an emoji and uses several slots with a

modified feed line. High gain, increased directivity,

and improved return loss make the smiley antenna

ideal for 5G networks.

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Table 2: Comparison of proposed antenna with existing antenna

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uenc

(GH

Impedance

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26.0

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high-quality online

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applications

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