Current Situation and Remediation Cases of Soil Heavy Metal
Pollution: Taking CD Pollution as an Example
Yajie Wang
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
Keywords: Microbial Remediation Theory, Spatial Interpolation Algorithm, CD, Pollution Control, Fix Cases, Heavy
Metals.
Abstract: CD pollution control plays an important role in soil heavy metal pollution control, but there is a problem of
imperfect pollution control. The traditional soil remediation algorithm cannot solve the problem of heavy
metal treatment and remediation in soil heavy metal pollution control, and the treatment effect is not
satisfactory. Therefore, this paper proposes soil heavy metal pollution control and remediation based on
spatial interpolation algorithm, and analyzes soil heavy metal pollution control. In the development of modern
society, the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization has brought about economic prosperity, but it
has also brought unprecedented pressure to our living environment. Especially, heavy metal pollution in soil
has become an environmental problem that can not be ignored in the world.
1 INTRODUCTION
Heavy metal pollution in soil has become an
environmental problem that can not be ignored in the
world. As the foundation of nature, once polluted, soil
will not only affect the growth of crops, but also pose
a serious threat to human health through the food
chain. Globally, more and more countries and regions
begin to pay attention to the problem of heavy metal
pollution in soil, and take active measures to deal with
it (Yao and Yang, et al. 2022). In addition to
strengthening industrial pollution control and
promoting environmental protection agricultural
technology, people pay more and more attention to
ecological environment protection, advocate low-
carbon life and reduce the occurrence of heavy metal
pollution from the source (Peng and Wu, et al. 2023).
With the continuous improvement of environmental
awareness and technology, we have reason to believe
that the problem of heavy metal pollution in soil will
be effectively controlled and the ecological
environment will be better protected in the future
(Peng and Lin, et al. 2023).
2 RELATED CONCEPTS
2.1 Mathematical description of the
spatial interpolation algorithm
The current situation of heavy metal pollution is
worrying. According to statistics, a considerable part
of farmland soil in the world has been polluted by
heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury
(Zheng and Wang, 2022). These pollutants mainly
come from industrial emissions, automobile exhaust,
excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and
improper treatment of domestic garbage (Zhang,
Fang). They accumulate in soil, are not easy to
degrade, exist for a long time, and pose potential risks
to ecological environment and human health shown
in Equation (1).
lim( ) lim max( 2)
iij ij ij
xx
yt y t
→∞ →∞
⋅= ≥ ÷
(1
)
Soil remediation technology in order to reduce or
even eradicate this pollution. Among them,
bioremediation technology has been widely
concerned because of its environmental protection
and sustainable characteristics (Xia and Gao, 2022).
Wang, Y.
Current Situation and Remediation Cases of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution (Taking CD Pollution as an Example).
DOI: 10.5220/0013539200004664
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Futuristic Technology (INCOFT 2025) - Volume 1, pages 257-262
ISBN: 978-989-758-763-4
Proceedings Copyright © 2025 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
257

For example, plant extraction technology takes
advantage of the ability of certain plants to absorb and
accumulate heavy metals, and removes heavy metals
from soil by planting these plants (Liu, 2023). In
addition, microbial remediation uses specific
microorganisms to transform or stabilize heavy
metals in soil and reduce their toxicity. is shown in
Equation (2).
max( ) ( 4)
ij ij
tmeant=∂ +

 M
(2)
Bioremediation and physical and chemical
methods also play a role in the treatment of heavy
metal pollution in soil. For example, chemical
precipitation can reduce the activity of heavy metals
in soil by adding chemicals to form insoluble
precipitates as shown in Equation (3).
() 2 7
ii i
Fd t
y
ξ =⋅→⋅

∏




(3)
2.2 CD pollution Control Program
Selection
Electrodynamic remediation is to use electric field to
promote heavy metal ions to move and concentrate to
the electrode, so as to realize their separation from the
soil. Shown in Equation (4).
()= ( )
ii i i
dy
gt x z Fd w
dx
⋅−
∏

(4)
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global
environmental problem, which poses a serious threat
to ecosystem health, food safety and human health is
shown in Equation (5).
lim ( ) ( ) max( )
ii ij
x
gt Fd t
→∞
+≤

(5)
With the rapid development of industrialization
and urbanization, the problem of heavy metal
pollution has become more and more prominent, and
it has become one of the key points of environmental
science research is shown in Equation (6).

2
() ( ) 4 ( 4)
ii ij
gt Fd b acmean t+↔− +

(6)
2.3 Analysis of CD Pollution Control
Scheme
With the rapid development of industrialization and
urbanization, heavy metal pollution is increasing day
by day. Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and
mercury, have attracted much attention because they
are not easy to degrade in the environment and easily
accumulate in the biological chain. shown in
Equation (7).

2
() ( )
() 4
(2)
ii
i
gt Fd
No t b ac
mean
+
=−
(7
)
Heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury,
arsenic, chromium, etc., have bioaccumulation and
toxicity, can accumulate in the food chain, and finally
have adverse effects on human health shown in
Equation (8).

() [ () ( )]
iii
Z
ht gt F d α =+

∏

(8
)
Industrial emissions are one of the main pollution
sources. Many industrial processes, such as mineral
mining, metal smelting, chemical production, etc.,
will produce waste water and waste gas containing
heavy metals shown in Equation (9).


min[ ( ) ( )]
( ) 100%
() ( )
ii
i
ii
gt Fd
accur t
gt Fd
+
=×
+


(9
)
Pollutants enter the soil environment through
atmospheric sedimentation or water flow, causing
pollution. Secondly, chemical fertilizers and
pesticides used in agricultural activities are also
important sources of pollution (Li and Sheng, et al.
2023). can be expressed as Equation (10).


min[ ( ) ( )]
() ()
2
ii
ii
gt Fd
accur t randon t
+
=+


(10
)
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in
agricultural activities are also important sources of
pollution.
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258

3 OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY
OF HEAVY METAL
POLLUTION CONTROL
DETECTION
At present, many technologies have been developed to
control heavy metal pollution in soil (Xiao, 2022).
Chemical remediation technology changes the
chemical properties of soil by adding chemical
reagents, which makes heavy metals form insoluble
compounds and reduces their activity. Physical
remediation techniques, such as soil washing and
electrodynamic separation, remove or stabilize heavy
metals in soil by physical methods (Huang and Chen,
et al. 2022). Bioremediation technology uses plants or
microorganisms to absorb and transform heavy
metals, which is an environment-friendly remediation
method.
3.1 CD pollution Control Briefing
Heavy metal pollution mainly comes from industrial
activities, such as metal processing, mineral refining,
industrial wastewater discharge and so on. In addition,
automobile exhaust emissions, the use of agricultural
fertilizers and landfills are also important sources.
Table 1: Heavy metal pollution control testing CD pollution
control requirements
Scope of
a
pp
lication
Grade Accuracy CD pollution
control
Farmland soil I 85.00 78.86
II 81.97 78.45
Industrial land I 83.81 81.31
II 83.34 78.19
Soil around
the mining isa
I 79.56 81.99
II 79.10 80.11
Pollutants diffuse in the environment through
natural processes such as weathering, rainwater
scouring and surface runoff, resulting in extensive
pollution of soil, water and even atmosphere. is
shown in Figure 1.
Repair Analysis
Spatial
interpolation
Administer
Microbe Cd
algorithm
Figure 1: Analysis process of heavy metal pollution control
detection
Heavy metals have various impacts on ecological
environment. They will interfere with the normal
growth of plants, inhibit photosynthesis and destroy
plant cell structure; Only through the joint efforts of
technological innovation, legal regulation, policy
guidance and public participation, can we effectively
control and reduce heavy metal pollution and protect
human health and ecological environment. Water
pollution is another key issue. Industrial wastewater
is directly discharged into rivers, lakes and oceans
without treatment or improper treatment, which leads
to the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic
organisms and affects their growth, reproduction and
even survival.
3.2 Heavy Metal Pollution Control
Detection
The Cd pollution control scheme for heavy metal
pollution control detection includes non-structural
information, semi-structural information, and
structural information. After the predilection of the
spatial interpolation algorithm, the preliminary Cd
pollution control scheme for heavy metal pollution
control detection was obtained, and the feasibility of
the Cd pollution control scheme for heavy metal
pollution control detection was analyzed. In animals,
heavy metals can cause nervous system diseases,
damage kidney function, and have potential
carcinogenic risks.
Table 2: The overall situation of the CD pollution control
program
Category Random
data
Reliability Analysis
rate
Farmland
soil
85.32 85.90 83.95
Industrial
lan
d
86.36 82.51 84.29
Soil around
the mining
isa
84.16 84.92 83.68
Mean 86.84 84.85 84.40
X6 83.04 86.03 84.32
P=1.249
3.3 CD Pollution Control and Stability
Heavy metal pollution is a complex environmental
problem, which involves many factors and interests.
Current Situation and Remediation Cases of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution (Taking CD Pollution as an Example)
259

Figure 2: CD pollution control with different algorithms
The threat of heavy metal pollution to human
health can not be ignored. Long-term exposure to
excessive heavy metals can lead to a variety of
chronic diseases, including nervous system disorders,
digestive system diseases, circulatory system
problems and various forms of cancer.
Table 3: Comparison of Cd pollution control accuracy of
different methods
Algorithm Surve
y data
CD
pollutio
n
control
Magnitud
e of
change
Error
Spatial
interpolatio
n algorith
m
85.33 85.15 82.88 84.9
5
Soil
remediation
al
g
orithms
85.20 83.41 86.01 85.7
5
P 87.17 87.62 84.48 86.9
7
The government should formulate stricter
emission standards and supervision mechanism, and
severely punish enterprises that violate the law. At the
same time, public education and awareness raising
are also very important, so that the public can
understand the harmfulness and prevention
knowledge of heavy metal pollution and encourage
everyone to participate in environmental protection
actions.
It can be seen from Figure 3 that the Cd pollution
control Public education can not be ignored. Raising
public awareness of environmental protection can
fundamentally reduce the use and emission of heavy
metals. Finally, international cooperation should be
carried out to share cleaner production technologies
and monitoring methods to jointly deal with this
cross-border environmental problem.
Figure 3: CD pollution control by spatial interpolation
algorithm
3.4 CD Rationality of Pollution Control
Technical innovation is not everything. The
prevention and control of heavy metal pollution also
needs strict laws, regulations and policy support.
Figure 4: Cd pollution control with different algorithms
Facing the severe problem of heavy metal
pollution, technical solutions are constantly
developing. For example, chemical precipitation, ion
exchange, membrane filtration and adsorption
technologies are widely used in industrial wastewater
treatment to remove heavy metals. In the field of soil
remediation, physical methods (such as soil
replacement and solidification stabilization),
chemical methods (such as chemical precipitation and
electrokinetic remediation) and biological methods
(such as phytoremediation and microbial
remediation) have also been studied and implemented
to reduce the content and bioavailability of heavy
metals in soil.
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260

3.5 The Effectiveness of CD Pollution
Control
The accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic food
chain may eventually affect human health through
drinking water or eating contaminated aquatic
products.
Heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere mainly
comes from industrial exhaust emissions, automobile
exhaust and garbage incineration. These fine metal
particles can enter the human body through the
respiratory tract, causing damage to the respiratory
system, and may cause cardiovascular diseases,
nervous system diseases and other health problems.
Figure 5: CD pollution control with different algorithms
Table 4: Comparison of the effectiveness of Cd pollution
control of different methods
Algorithm Surve
y data
CD
pollutio
n
control
Magnitud
e of
change
Error
Spatial
interpolatio
n algorith
m
82.21 85.92 84.59 82.8
5
Soil
remediation
al
g
orithms
83.73 84.23 84.41 83.5
5
P 84.20 87.39 84.76 83.9
0
Soil is one of the main recipients of heavy metal
pollution. Industrial activities, mining, waste dumps
and agricultural activities (e.g. the use of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides containing heavy metals)
can all lead to increased levels of heavy metals in
soils. Once the soil is polluted, heavy metals can be
absorbed into the food chain through crops, and
finally affect human health.
Figure 6: Spatial interpolation algorithm Cd pollution
control
The accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic food
chain may eventually affect human health through
drinking water or eating contaminated aquatic
products.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Heavy metal pollution is a complex environmental
challenge, which requires scientists, governments and
people to participate in the governance. Although
some progress has been made, continuous efforts are
needed to find more effective solutions through
scientific research and ensure the sustainability of the
global environment through international
cooperation. Future research should pay more
attention to the emerging heavy metal pollution
problems, and devote itself to developing new
removal and prevention technologies, so as to
contribute wisdom and strength to the protection of
our earth homeland.
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