Use of the Drug Zerox Vkr Against Fusarium and Bacterial Rot of

Tomato

Mirakbar Zuparov

, Mukhiddin Mamiev

, Ubaydillo Rakhmonov

and Mukhiddin Businov

Tashkent State Agrarian University, 100140, University str. 2, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Colloidal Silver, Fusarium Wilt, Bacterial Rot.

Abstract: The publication discusses the use of the drug Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloidal silver) against fusarium and

bacterial rot of tomato. Biological effectiveness of the drug Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloidal silver) when

treating tomato seeds at a consumption rate of 50 ml / 1 l of water / 1 kg of seeds, in the fight against tomato

fusarium was 94.9%, bacterial rot was 96.9 %

1 INTRODUCTION

The exceptionally favorable soil and climatic

conditions of Uzbekistan make it possible to grow

here not only a high yield of vegetables, but also to

obtain two harvests of different vegetable crops from

the same area. Uzbekistan provides the earliest

vegetable production, fully meets its needs and

exports it outside the republic in significant

quantities.

In this regard, a number of laws and decrees of the

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan were adopted

to deepen structural reforms and the dynamic

development of agricultural production, further

strengthen the country’s food security, expand the

production of environmentally friendly products, and

significantly increase the export potential of the

agricultural sector; further optimization of sown

areas, aimed at reducing the sown area for cotton and

cereal grains with the placement on the released lands

of potatoes, vegetables, fodder and oilseeds, as well

as new intensive gardens and vineyards; expansion of

research work on the creation and introduction into

production of new breeding varieties of agricultural

crops that are resistant to diseases and pests and have

high productivity.

The successful solution of the assigned tasks, in

addition to the use of modern cultivation technologies

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https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8482-042X

and improvement of varietal characteristics, largely

depends on measures to combat diseases that cause

enormous damage to vegetable growing, because the

development of diseases not only reduces the yield of

vegetables, but also impairs their quality and

consumer value.

Vegetables are a real storehouse of vitamins.

Vegetables are also rich in organic acids; they contain

citric, malic, tartaric, oxalic and other acids, which

improve their taste and promote more complete

absorption. They are produced only by plants and the

human body receives them ready-made. Vitamins

play an important role in human health.

No vegetable crop is used as widely and variedly

as tomatoes. This is due to their high content of

vitamins, sugars, acids and other minerals. Tomato

fruits have a pleasant taste. They are consumed

mainly in fresh and processed forms. Tomatoes are

rich in almost all vitamins and mineral salts, including

trace elements and organic acids (Jumanazarov et al.,

2021).

The most widespread and harmful diseases of

tomato in Uzbekistan are fusarium wilt and bacterial

rot (Peresypkin, 1989), (Pestsova and Borisov, 1995),

(Khasanov et al., 2009), (Khojanazarova et al., 2023).

Fusarium is a common and very dangerous fungal

disease. This infectious disease can be caused by

fungi of the genus Fusarium. It can manifest itself in

almost all climatic regions. Fusarium affects the

Zuparov, M., Mamiev, M., Rakhmonov, U. and Businov, M.

Use of the Drug Zerox Vkr Against Fusarium and Bacterial Rot of Tomato.

DOI: 10.5220/0014270300004738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2024), pages 391-394

ISBN: 978-989-758-773-3; ISSN: 3051-7710

391

tissues and vascular system of vegetable crops. The

plant withers, roots and fruits begin to rot. Another

problem is the fact that the pathogen can remain in the

soil for a long time, as well as on the remains of

vegetation, after which it can infect newly planted

crops with renewed vigor. Previously affected

planting and seed material can also provoke the

occurrence of the disease (Peresypkin, 1989),

(Khasanov et al., 2009) (Allayarov et al., 2021),

(Jumanazarov et al., 2023), (Jumanazarov et al.,

2021).

The development of fusarium begins from the

moment of emergence, in the form of root rot, and can

continue until the end of the growing season.

Fusarium begins with the root system rotting. The

fungus initially penetrates from the soil into the

smallest roots, after which it moves into larger ones

as the plants develop. Then the disease penetrates the

stem through the vessels and spreads to the leaves.

The lower leaves quickly fade. The vessels of the

petioles and foliage become weak, sluggish, and

begin to sag along the stem. If the air temperature

drops below 16°C, the plants will die quite quickly. If

no measures are taken to treat the plant, the crop will

be completely destroyed in 2–3 weeks. That is why it

is very important to start fighting this disease as

quickly as possible (Peresypkin, 1989), (Pestsova and

Borisov, 1995), (Alimova et al., 2023), (Jumanazarov

et al., 2022), (Nazarova et al., 2023).

Symptoms manifest themselves in a bottom-up

direction. At first, the disease can be noticed on the

lower leaves of the tomato. After some time, fusarium

affects the remaining parts of the bush. The foliage

turns pale or yellow, the veins begin to lighten. The

petioles of the leaves become deformed, and the

leaves themselves curl into tubes and then fall off.

The top shoots of the tomato begin to fade. After

some time, the plant dies completely. The last stage

of the disease is the death of the root system. In humid

weather, a light-colored coating may appear on the

roots, and in hot weather the symptoms intensify even

more. Signs of Fusarium wilt can only be noticed

during the flowering and fertilization period of

tomatoes. It is at this time that the main phase of

Fusarium wilt occurs. Basic prevention methods that

will help reduce the likelihood of fusarium blight in

tomatoes. Importance is given to pre-planting seed

treatment to protect plants from fusarium disease,

where it is recommended to treat seeds before sowing

(Pestsova and Borisov, 1995), (Khasanov et al.,

2009), (Sanin, 2003), (Korolev et al., 2011).

Bacterial fruit rot of tomato is caused by several

types of bacteria. Bacterial rot is characterized by the

formation of gray, usually flat, weeping spots at the

top of the fruit, accompanied by softening of the

tissue. This type of lesion is common mainly in open

ground, more often on already ripening (rather than

young) fruits. Mostly those fruits that come into

contact with the soil or lie on it with their apical part

for a long time rot, where bacteria (Pseudomonas

lycopersicum, etc.) enter from the soil and cause

rotting (Dementieva, 1985), (Peresypkin, 1989),

(Tyuterev et al., 2000), (Jumanazarov, 2022).

In some cases, bacteria settle (as a secondary

phenomenon) on fruits affected by physiological

blossom end rot. The causative agent of bacterial wet

rot is Erwinia carotovora. The first symptoms appear

in the form of depressed spots with a color ranging

from light to dark. As the disease progresses, the

affected area increases in size, mucus rot forms, and

bacterial mucus may leak through cracks in the

epidermis.

Phytopathogenic bacteria enter plants through

natural openings, such as where the fruit attaches to

the stalk, or through cracks formed during growth and

wounds caused by insects and mechanical damage.

Warm weather and high air humidity usually favor

infection of fruits by pathogenic bacteria (Melnikova,

1988), (Khasanov et al., 2009), (Mamiev et al., 2020),

(Buriev and Zokirov, 2023), (Buriev and Zokirov,

2023), (Zokirov and Sullieva, 2023), (Mirsaidov et

al., 2024).

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A production test of the drug Zerox, VKR (300 mg/l

colloidal silver) was carried out on the field of the

Yahyo Khozhi farm, Parkent district, Tashkent

region, on tomatoes of the Sulton variety.

The experiment involved 3 options according to

the scheme:

1. Zerox, VKR - 50 ml / 1 l of water / 1 kg of seeds

2. Maxim 2.5% potency at a consumption rate of

0.2 ml per 1 kg of seeds (standard)

3. Control - without processing

Seed treatment was carried out on April 15.

Examination of tomato seedlings for wilting and rot

was carried out during the development of the second

pair of leaves. In the surveyed area, 10 samples of

0.25 m rows were taken. In each sample, all plants

were dug up and disease damage was taken into

account on the following scale (in points):

0 - healthy plants;

1 - weak damage (brown stripes are noticeable on

the crust and cotyledon);

2 - moderate damage (the beginning of the

formation of root constriction);

I-CRAFT 2024 - 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies

392

3 - severe damage (the constriction covers more

than half of the root);

4 - death of the seedling.

After thinning, another census was carried out

using the same method and the percentage of plants

with a constriction at the root neck was determined.

Isolation of pathogens of tomato diseases was

carried out in laboratory conditions according to the

method of V.D. Poliksenov, A.K. Khramtsov, S.G.

Piskun (Poliksenova et al., 2004) using a humid

chamber.

The percentage of disease development was

determined using the following formula:

𝑷=

𝒂−𝒃

𝒂

∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Where: P is the percentage of disease

development,

E (a * b) is the sum of the product of the number

of affected plants (a) by the corresponding damage

score (b),

N is the total number of counting plants,

K is the highest damage score on the scale.

The biological effectiveness of the drug was

calculated using the formula:

= 𝑩

𝒆𝒇



𝒂∗𝒃



∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝑵∗𝑲

Where: 𝐵

𝑒𝑓

is biological effectiveness,

a is the development of the disease in the control,

b is the development of the disease in the

experiment.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Drug Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloidal silver) was

tested in the fight against fusarium and bacterial rot

of tomato.

The surveys carried out on the susceptibility of

tomato to Fusarium root rot in the farm "Yakhyo

Khozhi" show that in the control the susceptibility

was 35.4%, with the development of the disease

7.8%.

In the case of using Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l

colloidal silver) at a rate of 50 ml/1l of water/1 kg of

seeds, the incidence of Fusarium root rot of plants

was 2.5%, the development of the disease was 0.4%,

where the biological efficiency was 94.9% (Table 1).

Conducted surveys on the susceptibility of tomato

to bacterial rot of tomato show that in the control the

susceptibility was 7.1%, with the development of the

disease 3.1%, Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloned

silver) at a rate of 50 ml/1 l of water/1 kg of seeds, the

incidence of bacterial plant rot is 0.3% and the

development of disease is 0.1%, where the biological

efficiency was 96.9% (Table 2).

Table 1: Biological effectiveness of fungicide Zerox, v.k.r.

(3000 mg/l colloidal silver) against fusarium root rot

disease of tomato (Production experience, Tashkent region,

Parkent district, farm “Yakhyo Khozhi”, Sulton variety).

Experie

nce

Options

Consumpt

ion rate

Plant

susceptibil

ity, %

Developm

ent of

plant

disease,

Biological

effectiven

ess,

Zerox,

v.k.r.

50 ml / 1 l

water / 1

kg seeds

2,5 0,4 94,9

Maxim

2.5% k.s

(standar

0.2 ml per

1 kg of

seeds

3,1 0,7 91,0

Control

- no

processi

– 35,4 7,8 –

Table 2: Biological effectiveness of fungicide Zerox, v.k.r.

(3000 mg/l colloidal silver) against bacterial rot disease of

tomato (Production experience, Tashkent region, Parkent

district, farm “Yakhyo Khozhi”, Sulton variety)

Experie

nce

Options

Consumpt

ion rate

Plant

susceptibil

ity, %

Developm

ent of

plant

disease,

Biological

effectiven

ess,

Zerox,

v.k.r.

50 ml / 1 l

water / 1

kg seeds

0,3 0,1 96,9

Maxim

2.5% k.s

(standar

0.2 ml per

1 kg of

seeds

0,4 0,2 93,8

Control

- no

processi

– 7,1 3,2 –

The biological effectiveness of the reference

biological product Maxim 2.5% K.S (fludioxonil) at

a consumption rate of 0.2 ml per 1 kg of seeds was

91.0%, with plant infestation of 3.1% and disease

development of 0.7%.

Use of the Drug Zerox Vkr Against Fusarium and Bacterial Rot of Tomato

393

The biological effectiveness of the reference

biological product Maxim 2.5% K.S (fludioxonil) at

a consumption rate of 0.2 ml per 1 kg of seeds was

93.8%, with plant infestation of 0.4% and disease

development of 0.2%.

Thus, the drug Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloidal

silver) is highly effective in treating tomato seeds

against fusarium disease and bacterial rot at a

consumption rate of 50 ml/1 liter of water/1 kg of

tomato seeds.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Biological effectiveness of the drug Zerox, v.k.r.

(3000 mg/l colloidal silver) when treating tomato

seeds at a consumption rate of 50 ml / 1 l of water / 1

kg of seeds, in the fight against tomato fusarium was

94.9%, bacterial rot was 96.9%.

Drug Zerox, v.k.r. (3000 mg/l colloidal silver)

showed high efficiency when treating tomato seeds at

a consumption rate of 50 ml/1 l of water/1 kg of seeds.

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