Reduce the Rate of Mineral (Nitrogen) Fertilizer by Using the

Biological Opportunities of Soybean Plant

Mirzohid Raximov

, Jahongir Xamdamov

and Zokirjon Ismatullayev

Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Scientific Research of Cereals and Legumes Institute Ferghana Scientific Experimental Station, Ferghana, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Soybean Fertilization, Nitrogen Fixation, Biological Nodulation.

Abstract: Effective use of symbiotic activities of legumes is a cost-effective way of growing these plants. The formation

of nodular bacteria that fix nitrogen in the root system of soybean was achieved as a result of the use of soil

containing nodular bacteria and bacillus subtilis bs-26 bacteria. As a result of the study, it is recommended to

apply 1500 kg per hectare to the fields where soybean seeds are planted from the soil layer of 0-15 cm of the

soil where the soybeans were previously planted

1 INTRODUCTION

Today, providing the world's population with quality

food products is becoming more complicated than

ever. It is also observed that “due to the global climate

changes that are occurring in the world, as a result of

the desertification of cultivated areas and land

degradation in many countries, nearly 2 billion

hectares of land around the world are becoming

unusable.” In order to solve this problem, soybean,

which belongs to the legume family, is considered a

valuable crop not only as food, but also in

maintaining and increasing soil fertility.

Development of a system of efficient use of crops is

one of the urgent issues of today. Level of study of

the problem: due to the activity of soybean nodule

bacteria, due to the conversion of free nitrogen in the

air into biological nitrogen and its accumulation in the

soil, productivity can be improved "for free" with an

average of 86-150 kg/ha of nitrogen per hectare

(Tangirova , 2007). Bacteria of Rhizobium group can

multiply in infected soil for 15-17 years, waiting for

its "master" i.e. soybean plant, when favorable

conditions are created, soil moisture and air

permeability are good (Rinaudi et al., 2006). The

interactions between legumes and rhizobia form

symbiotic associations that are particularly sensitive

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7216-482X

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0232-3183

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-3439

to several factors, particularly nutrient levels in the

growing medium. (Egamberdieva et al., 2016). The

purpose of the research: to infect the soils where

soybean seeds are grown by fertilizing the nitrogen-

fixing nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum,

which is present in the soil where soybean seeds are

planted for many years, and to infect the nitrogen-

fixing nodule bacteria in the roots of soybean plants

in these soils. to produce Together with this process,

the effect of new phosphorus-dissolving FOSSTIM-3

biofertilizers was studied in order to transfer

phosphorus compounds remaining unabsorbed in our

soils to the level where plants can actively absorb

them (Mannopova et al., 2017).

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Placement of the experimental system, phenological

observations and calculation works based on the

methodical manual of UzPITI (1985y, 2007y) and the

scientific methods produced in the Scientific

Research Institutes of Cereals and Legumes (2000-

2020) The experiments were carried out in the field

of the experimental station of the scientific research

institute in Fergana region

Raximov, M., Xamdamov, J. and Ismatullayev, Z.

Reduce the Rate of Mineral (Nitrogen) Fertilizer by Using the Biological Opportunities of Soybean Plant.

DOI: 10.5220/0014242000004738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2024), pages 187-190

ISBN: 978-989-758-773-3; ISSN: 3051-7710

187

found in places. According to the mechanical

composition, these soils are medium and heavy

sandy. These soils are weakly saline. The experiment

area was carried out in 4 repetitions, the surface of the

padel was 100.8 sq.m (width 4.80 m, length 21 m),

there were 4 calculated rows, 4 protective rows, and

the number of options was 14. Maris MM-3, and the

field experiment of pre-mixing the seeds and planting

soil of Baraka varieties was conducted in 2019-2020.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

When comparing the preliminary results of the

research, obtained in 2019, with the results of the

research obtained in 2020, there was no significant

difference in the number of nitrogen-accumulating

nodules in the roots of the soybean plant. The results

of the analysis are presented in Table 1. The obtained

two-year data show that the average number of

nitrogen-fixing nodules in each plant root is up to

46.95 and 58.9 units in the 2-3 variants of the soybean

variety "Baraka" compared to the control variety. It

was observed that these variants were more formed.

Compared to the control, it was found that in the

variety "To'maris MM-3" there was an increase of

34.45 and 59.25 pieces in the root of each soybean

plant. (see the picture). 15-25 cm used in the

experiment the number of nitrogen-accumulating

nodules in the soil layer was less compared to the 0-

15 cm layer. For example, in variants 4 and 5 of the

soybean variety "Baraka" it was found that the

number of plants in the roots increased by 23.6 and

33.85 units on average compared to the control

variant.

In the same variants "To'maris MM-3"

compared to the control variant, the 15-25 cm layer

of soil at 1000 kg/ha increased by 26.25 grains and

from the 15-25 cm layer of soil at 1500 kg/ha

FOSSTIM3 variant increased by 33.6 grains

compared to the control was found to have increased.

It was observed that the formation of nodules on the

roots of plants that have reached the stage of full

ripening begins to decrease significantly, their color

turns brown and they sink into the soil. This situation

was observed earlier in the "Tomaris MM-3" variety.

Because the "Tomaris MM-3" variety is early

ripening, the formation of buds slows down. It is

explained by the faster transition of the plant to the

ripening stage. According to the results of studying

the grain yield of the main product obtained from

soybean plants in the experiment, the yield of soybean

grains obtained from plants of options 2 and 5 was on

average 4-12 percent compared to the control options.

It was found that the "Baraka" variety produced 4-

7.2% more soybeans in 2 years, and the Tomaris MM-

3 variety produced 10-11.6% more soybeans.

Table 1: The number of nitrogen-accumulating nodules (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) formed in the roots of soybean (Glycine

hispida L) cultivars in the flowering-pod phase, on average per plant.

№ Experience options

Soya

ean

varieties

2019

2020

On average,

iece

1 Experimental planting area 0-

30 cm layer, CONTROL

(traditional method)

Baraka 8,4 12,4 10,4

To‘maris Mman-3 4,0 8,0 6,0

2 1000 kg/ha SOIL from 0-15cm

layer

Baraka 48,5 66,2 57,35

To‘maris Mman-3 35, 4 45,5 40,45

3 FOSSTIM3 with 1500 kg/ha

of soil in the 0-15cm layer

Baraka 62,0 76,6 69,3

To‘maris Mman-3 60,5 70,0 65,25

4 1000 kg/ha SOIL from 15-

25cm layer

Baraka 24,0 44,0 34,0

To‘maris Mman-3 22,0 42,5 32,25

5 1500 kg/ha SOIL

+FOSSTIM3 from 15-25cm

Baraka 33,0 55,5 44,25

To‘maris Mman-3 36,6 42,6 39,6

6 Soil FOSSTIM3 from the 0-15

cm layer (mixing at the same

time as the seed)

Baraka 32,6 40,5 36,55

To‘maris Mman-3 38,0 40,5 39,25

7 Soil FOSSTIM3 from a layer

of 15-25 cm (mixing at the

same time as the seed)

Baraka 28,0 35,0 31,5

To‘maris Mman-3 26,6 30,5 28,55

I-CRAFT 2024 - 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies

188

According to the obtained results, when the grain

yield was determined in option 1, in which the seeds

of the "Baraka" variety of soybean were prepared and

planted in the traditional way, it was determined that

an average grain yield of 35.4 t/ha was obtained in

three years, and 0- When the soil was taken from the

15 cm layer and 1000 kg per hectare was used, the

grain yield was determined in the 2nd option, which

was 38.5 t/ha on average in three years, and compared

to the 1st option, the grain yield was 3.1 t/ha. was

found to be received as Soybean seeds were treated

with Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer at the rate of 1.0

kg/ha before planting, soil was taken from the 0-15

cm layer of the existing soil containing nitrogen-

fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), 1500 kg

per hectare was used, and Serhosil biopreparation was

used during the growing season. 10 l/ha in combs, 10

l/ha in pods and 10 l/ha in the 3-variant, when the

grain yield was analyzed in the form of a suspension,

an average grain yield of 39.4 tons/ha was obtained in

three years, control.

Compared to option 1, it was observed that a

higher grain yield of 4.0 t/ha was obtained, before

sowing soybean seeds with 10 kg of soil taken from

the 0-15 cm layer of the soil containing nitrogen-

fixing (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) budding bacteria

and Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer 1, In variant 4,

which was cultivated and planted with 0 kg standards,

the average grain yield was 37.8 t/ha in three years,

and it was observed that the grain yield was higher up

to 2.4 t/ha compared to control option 1. Along with

sowing soybean seeds, soil was taken from a 15-25

cm layer of soil containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria

(Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and applied at 1000 kg

per hectare with

5-variant and Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer at the rate

of 1.0 kg/ha before sowing soybean seeds. obtained

from the 15–25 cm layer of the soil containing

nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium

japonicum).1500 kg/ha of soil application and 10 l/ha

of Serhosil biopreparation during the growing season,

and 10 l/ha of the suspension during the growing

season.38.1-38.8 ts/ha was recorded and it was

determined that 2.7-3.4 ts/ha additional grain yield

was obtained compared to the control option 1. 10 kg

of soil taken from the 15-25 cm layer of the soil and

1.0 kg of Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer were treated

and planted in the 7-variant. When analyzing the

grain yield, it was 37.5 t/ha on average in three years,

control 1- 2.1 ts/ha higher grain yield compared to the

variant was noted.

When analyzing the results obtained from the

options where To'maris Mman-3 soybean seeds were

planted, it was observed that the above laws were

repeated. Before planting, high-yielding soybean

seeds were treated with Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer,

and soil containing nitrogen-fixing (Bradyrhizobium

japonicum) nodule bacteria was used. it was

determined that it was taken from options.

In particular, the field for sowing soybean seeds

was prepared in the traditional way, and the control

was planted with the seeds of "Tomaris Mman-3"

variety of soybean.

When the 8th option was studied, it was

determined that an average grain yield of 30.2 t/ha

was obtained in three years, while in the 9th option,

soil was taken from the 0-15 cm layer of the existing

soil containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria

(Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and 1000 kg per hectare

was used. it was noted that the grain yield was 3.0

tons/ha higher than control 8-variant, showing an

average of 33.2 tons/ha in three years.

Soybean seeds were treated with Fosstim-3

bacterial fertilizer at the rate of 1.0 kg/ha before

planting, soil was taken from the 0-15 cm layer of the

soil containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria

(Bradyrhizobium japonicum), 1500 kg per hectare

was used, and Serhosil biofertilizer 10 l/ha, sprinkled

in the

form of a suspension at the rate of 10 l/ha during

podding When analyzing the grain yield of the

soybean plant maintained in option 10, it showed an

average of 34.1 tons/ha in three years, and it was

noted that an additional seed yield of up to 3.9 tons/ha

was obtained compared to the control option 8.

Before sowing soybean seeds, 10 kg of soil taken

from the 0-15 cm layer of soil containing nitrogen-

fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and

treated with 1.0 kg of Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer

11-variant and nitrogen-fixing (Bradyrhizobium

japonicum) were planted. When analyzing the 12-

variant, which used 1000 kg per hectare, the soil was

taken from the 15-25 cm layer of the soil containing

the bacteria, it was noted that an average grain yield

of 32.7-32.9 t/ha was obtained in three years,

compared to the control 8-variant, on average 2 If it

was determined that the seed yield of 5-2.7 t/ha was

obtained as a supplement, before planting soybean

seeds, it was treated with Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer

at the rate of 1.0 kg/ha, and 15-25 of the soil

containing nitrogen-fixing (Bradyrhizobium

japonicum) nodular bacteria soil was taken from the

cm layer and 1500 kg per hectare was used and

Serhosil biopreparation was used in the form of a

suspension at the rate of 10 l/ha during the growing

season and 10 l/ha during podding, and 15- of the soil

containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium

Reduce the Rate of Mineral (Nitrogen) Fertilizer by Using the Biological Opportunities of Soybean Plant

189

japonicum) before sowing soybean seeds. 10 kg of

soil taken from a 25 cm layer and treated with 1.0 kg

of Fosstim-3 bacterial fertilizer and planted

When taking into account the grain yield of the

soybean plant maintained in option 14, it showed an

average of 33.5-32.5 t/ha in three years, and the

control

It was found that the grain yield was 3.3-2.3

tons/ha higher than option 8.

According to the data obtained from the variants

used in the study, it can be seen that the influence of

the treatment of soybean seeds with Fosstim-3

bacterial fertilizer and the use of soil containing

nitrogen-fixing (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) bacilli

was significant on the grain yield of the soybean

plant. it was found that grain yield increased from 2.1

t/ha to 4.0 t/ha.

In soybean variety "To'maris Mman-3" the grain

yield of soybean plant was 2.3 to 3.9 t/ha higher than

the control variant.

4 CONCLUSIONS

According to the results of the research, based on the

results of the two-year experimental experience, we

came to the following conclusions: As a result of the

addition of Bradyrizobium soil to newly planted

soybean soils, an average of 72.0-155.5 nitrogen-

accumulating nodules were formed in the roots of

each soybean plant. On average, 6.0-11.8 more

nitrogen-accumulating nodules were found in late-

ripening soybean varieties compared to early-

ripening varieties.

Early (20 years ago) as a result of infecting

Rhizobium-enriched tubers to other soils, the yield of

soybeans grown in the early "To'maris MM-3" variety

is on average 10-11.6% per hectare, and in the mid-

late "Baraka" variety. provides an additional grain

yield of 4-7.2% on average.

REFERENCES

G. Tangirova Soya: planting method, chemical

composition. Agricultural magazine of Uzbekistan.

AGRO ILM 2007. Issue 4, p. 9.

Rinaudi, L., Fujishige, N. A., Hirsch, A. M., Banchio, E.,

Zorreguieta, A., and Giordano, W. (2006). Effects of

nutritional and environmental conditions on

Sinorhizobium meliloti biofilm formation. Res.

Microbiol. 157, 867–875. doi:

10.1016/j.resmic.2006.06.002

Egamberdieva, D., Jabborova, D., and Berg, G. (2016).

Synergistic interactions between

Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum and the endophyte

Stenotrophomonasrhizophila and their effects on

growth, nodulation and nutrition of soybean under salt

stress. Plant Soil 405, 35–45. doi: 10.1007/s11104-015-

2661-8M.

Mannopova, J. Hamdamov, H. Berdaliev International

Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue

06, 2020ISSN: 1475-7192.

I-CRAFT 2024 - 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies

190