Granulometric Composition and Dimensional and Mass Parameters

of Granular Feed Distributed to Fish

Komil Astanakulov

, Fazliddin Kurbanov

and Farida Isakova

National Research University “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers”,

Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan

Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, 100140, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Granules, Granulometry, Fish Feed.

Abstract: When developing a fish feed distribution device and justifying the parameters of the working parts of the feed

distributor, including the centrifugal feed distribution disc, with uniform distribution of granular feed within

the established requirements for fish ponds, it is important to know the granulometric composition and

dimensional and mass parameters of granular feed. Granular feeds contain a relatively large number of

fractions larger than 15 mm. The number of these fractions averages 21.0%, their mean square deviation is

3.54%, and the coefficient of variation is 16.86%. In granular feeds, the smallest amount was fractions within

5-10 mm in length, and their number averaged 10.2% of the total amount of feed. The average square deviation

of the amount of feed of this size was 1.92%, and the coefficient of variation was 18.82%. This condition

means that granules of 5 to 10 mm in size will have similar dimensions, while granules of 10 to 15 mm in size

and fractions of more than 15 mm in size will have relatively large size differences from each other.

1 INTRODUCTION

The design features of the device when developing a

device for spreading granular feed into fish ponds are

that in order to study the technological process of the

device and substantiate the parameters of the feed

spreader, it is necessary to study some physical and

mechanical properties of granular feed as a handout.

A number of researchers such as V. A.

Murovanny, M. A. Zaitseva, V. V. Lavrovsky, V. F.

Nekrasivich, A. N. Chipinova, B. T. Sariev, A. T.

Lebedev, T. Condo, K. Mizuno, T. Kato, M.

Mohsenin, D. M. McRandal, P. B. McNulty, V. M.

Sonde, P. N. Belkhode, C. N. Sakhole, A. M. Shal, Z.

Ghorbani, Y. Jekendra, A. Kumar conducted

scientific research in the field of studying the

physico-mechanical properties of granular feeds

(Sattarov et al., 2020; Djiyanov et al., 2024).

In Uzbekistan, a number of researchers have also

been engaged in determining the physical and

mechanical properties of feed. Including I. I.

Khalilov, B. G. Kamilov, D. Niyazov, G. M.

Saifullaev, H. Gafforov, D. S. Gusenov, K. D.

Astanakulov, F. U. Karshiev, B. A. Khotamov, A. N.

Barotov, Sh. H. Gapparov, etc. scientific research was

conducted to study the physico-mechanical and

morphological properties of fish feeds, in the form of

granules and green mass (Isakova et al., 2024;

Astanakulov et al., 2023).

In scientific studies conducted by the above-

mentioned scientists, the physico-mechanical

properties of granular feed were studied, in which the

physico-mechanical properties of granular feed in

terms of dispersion and volatility were not studied

comprehensively enough. In our republic, when

feeding fish, along with the green mass, they are also

fed with granular feed.

On fish farms, when spreading granular feed into

a fish pond, they must scatter granular feed of a

certain size and in the same quantities, taking into

account the specifics of the design of the new device

that does this, as well as the fact that the device must

distribute them all with the same quality, despite the

fact that different granular feeds are distributed in the

dispenser. It will study the physical and mechanical

properties of feed.

It is also important to know the granulometric

composition and dimensional and mass parameters of

granular feed when developing a fish feed distribution

device and justifying the parameters of the working

parts of the feed distributor, including the centrifugal

feed distribution disk, with uniform distribution of

Astanakulov, K., Kurbanov, F. and Isakova, F.

Granulometric Composition and Dimensional and Mass Parameters of Granular Feed Distributed to Fish.

DOI: 10.5220/0014045300004738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2024), pages 79-82

ISBN: 978-989-758-773-3; ISSN: 3051-7710

granular feed within the established requirements for

fish ponds.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experiments to determine the physical and

mechanical properties of granular feed were carried

out on the basis of the methods set out in the

normative documents GOST 20915-2011

“Agricultural machinery. Methods for determining

test conditions” and "physical properties of plant and

animal materials" (Аlijanov et al., 2020; Orlov and

Richagov, 1985).

The proposed research program mainly included

the determination of the average length, diameter,

weight and composition of granular feeds, as well as

the ratio of their constituent components, density,

angle and coefficient of friction and crushing

strength.

A ruler, a caliper, an electronic scale, an inclined

plane device and an AMF-500 device for determining

the crushing resistance force were used as measuring

instruments for determining the size and mass

parameters of granular feed (Fig.1).

The results obtained in the experiments were

processed by mathematical statistics methods and

their statistical characteristics were determined,

namely: the average value of (M

average)

, the mean

square deviation (σ), the coefficient of variation (V),

etc.

1- AMF-500 device; 2- Electronic Scale; 3- Caliper; 4-

Ruler.

Figure 1: Measuring instruments.

Feeds intended for feeding fish are produced

according to certain established standards GOST

28758-97 – “Granular feed for fish” and interstate

standards GOST 10385-2014 – “Compound feed for

fish” (Orlov and Richagov, 1985; Andrews and Pag,

1975).

The diameter of granular feeds developed for fish

according to these standards should be within 2.0-3.5

mm for small fish and from 2.0 mm to 15 mm for fish

placed for fattening (fish weighing 50 g and above).

It is established that their length should be from 2 to

20 mm, starting with a diameter 2 times larger.

In Uzbekistan, granular feed is mainly used to

feed fish, which are supplied for fattening. For Fish

supplied for fattening, the diameter of pellets

produced in-house and imported from abroad is

mainly in the range of 5-6 mm, and the length is in

the range from 5 mm to 20 mm.

But in order to determine what the fractional

composition of these feeds is, they were divided into

3 groups by length, namely into granular feeds up to

5-10 mm, 10-15 mm and 15-20 mm long.

To improve the accuracy of data on the

morphological composition of granules, experiments

were carried out on samples of granules prepared in

different places by different manufacturers, which

were sequentially distributed among fish for 2-3 years

(Andrews and Page, 1975; Grayton and Beamish,

1977).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experiments were carried out on samples of 1000

g in several revolutions. According to the results of

the experiment, it turned out that on average (M

average

)

68.8% of the composition of granular feeds

developed for fish are feeds in the range of 10-15 mm.

Their mean square deviation (σ) is 3.96%, and the

coefficient of variation (V) is 5.76% (Table 1).

Table 1. Granulometric composition of granular feed

distributed to fish.

№ Fraction size

Number of fractions, %

average

V, %

1 5-10 m

10,2 1,92 18,82

2 Within 10-15

68,8 3,96 5,76

3 More than 15

21,0 3,54 16,86

Granular feed contains a relatively large number

of fractions larger than 15 mm. The number of these

fractions averages 21.0%, their mean square

I-CRAFT 2024 - 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies

deviation is 3.54%, and the coefficient of variation is

16.86%.

In granular feeds, the smallest amount was

fractions within 5-10 mm in length, and their number

averaged 10.2% of the total amount of feed. The

average square deviation of the amount of feed of this

size was 1.92%, and the coefficient of variation was

18.82%.

This condition means that granules of 5 to 10 mm

in size will have similar dimensions, while granules

of 10 to 15 mm in size and fractions of more than 15

mm in size will have relatively large size differences

from each other.

In order to clarify the size and mass parameters of

these fractions, the length, diameter and mass of each

fraction were determined separately. From the

granules of the 5-10 mm fraction, it turned out that

with the length of the largest (x

max

) 9.8 mm, and the

smallest (x

min

) 5.1 mm, their average length is 8.5

mm, the standard deviation is 1.06 mm, and the

coefficient of variation is 12.48% (Table 2).

On the other hand, the diameter of the granules in

the 5-10 mm fraction varied between 5.0-5.2 mm, and

it was found that they averaged 5.09 mm. Their mean

square deviation and coefficient of variation are also

insignificant and amount to 0.05 mm and 0.97%,

respectively.

The length of granules in granular feeds, the size

of which is in the range of 10-15 mm, varies from a

minimum of 10.2 mm to a maximum of 14.9 mm,

with an average of 13.21 mm. Considering that their

mean square deviation is 0.97 mm and the coefficient

of variation is 7.32%, this suggests that they do not

differ much from each other.

The diameter of the granules in this fraction is also

in the range of 5.0-5.2 mm, which averages 5.09 mm,

and their difference is very small, the mean square

deviation is 0.05 mm, and the coefficient of variation

is 0.9 %.

Table 2.:Size and mass indicators of granular fish feed.

№ Granule sizes Indications x

max

min

average

σ V, %

1 5-10 mm

len

th, m

9,8 5,1 8,50 1,06 12,48

diameter, m

5,2 5,0 5,09 0,05 0,97

weight, g

0,271 0,159 0,21 0,03 14,03

2 10-15 mm

length, m

14,9 10,2 13,21 0,97 7,32

diameter, m

5,2 5,0 5,09 0,05 0,92

wei

ht,

0,389 0,265 0,32 0,03 8,81

3 15-20 mm

len

th, m

20,0 15,2 16,90 1,22 7,25

diameter, m

5,2 5,0 5,10 0,06 1,19

weight, gr 0,479 0,365 0,40 0,03 7,77

This circumstance is explained by the use of

matrices of the same diameter in the production of

granular feed. The difference in the diameter of the

granules is explained by the fact that they expand or

contract relatively during the construction process.

The diameter of the granules in the 15-20 mm

fraction also varied between 5.0-5.2 mm, their

average value was 5.1 mm, and was the same as the

diameter of the granules in the 5-10 mm to 10-15 mm

fraction.

Within the limits of a 15-20 mm long fraction, the

maximum length of the granules was 20.0 mm, and

the minimum was 15.2 mm, while their average value

was 16.9 mm. With their mean square deviation of

1.22 mm, the coefficient of variation was 7.25

percent. This circumstance indicates that in fractions

with a length of 15-20 mm, the length of the granules

is mainly in the range of 15.7-18.1 mm, while

granules, larger or smaller in size, make up a very

small amount.

In the experiments, the mass of granules was also

determined by fractions. At the same time, the mass

of granules in a fraction with dimensions within 5-10

mm varies between 0.159 - 0.271 g and averages 0.21

g, the mass of granules in a fraction with dimensions

within 10-15 mm varies between 0.265 - 0.389 g. The

mass of granules in a fraction with dimensions within

15-20 mm varies on average 0.265 g, the mass

granules in the range of 0.479 g, which is an average

of 0.40 g turned out.

4 CONCLUSION

1. As a rule, the mass of granules in a fraction with

a size of 10-15 mm is 1.52 times greater than the

mass of granules in a fraction with a size of 5-10

mm, whereas the mass of granules in a fraction

with a size of 15-20 mm is 1.25 times less.

Granulometric Composition and Dimensional and Mass Parameters of Granular Feed Distributed to Fish

2. The maximum value of the mass of granules

(0.271 g) In a fraction in the range of 5-10 mm,

exceeding the minimum value of the mass of

granules in the range of 10-15 mm (0.265 g), this

condition is observed even in fractions in the

range of 10-15 mm and 15-20 mm, which is

explained by the fact that each granule also

partially differs from each other in density.

3. The difference in the mass of granular feed

indicates that they directly affect the uneven

distribution during the distribution process, and

this must be taken into account when justifying

the parameters and operating modes of the feed

distributor disk.

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I-CRAFT 2024 - 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies