Effects of Irrigation Technologies on Soybean Varieties Planted as

Repeated Crops in Uzbekistan

Shavkatjon Abdurakhimov

, Umbetali Sultanov

, Mansur Tukhtamishev

and Sevara Karimboyeva

Tashkent State Agrarian University, 100140, University str. 2, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Keywords: Soybean Irrigation, Meadow-Gray Soils, Yield Optimization.

Abstract: This article deals with the timing of sowing, germination, growth, development, obtaining high and quality

grain crops, irrigation timing, irrigation procedures, development of irrigation standards and effective care

agrotechnology in the conditions of light soils of grasslandgray mechanical composition of Jizzakh province

in Uzbekistan and data on the conducted scientific researchers are given

1 INTRODUCTION

It is known that one of the main factors of high yields

of agricultural crops is the improvement of land

reclamation and fertility. In recent years, a number of

scientists have found that the amount of humus in the

soils of Uzbekistan is declining. This leads to the

degradation of all the properties and characteristics of

the soil (Tuxtamishev et al., 2020; Tuxtamishev et

al., 2021; Tuxtamishev et al., 2022).

At present, the average humus content in the soil

in Uzbekistan is only 0.6-0.7%. One of the main

reasons for this is that mistakes and shortcomings are

made in crop rotation and soil fertility is not taken into

account when planting crops (Abdalova et al., 2021;

Tuxtamishev et al., 2022). As a result of planting the

same crop without paying attention to the chemical,

physical and reclamation conditions of the soil,

microbiological processes in the soil are disrupted,

and the environment for humus and other nutrients in

the soil is lost (Tuxtamishev et al., 2020; Abdalova et

al., 2021; Khujanovich, 2021; Tuxtamishev et al.,

2022).

Similarly, the soil fertility of Jizzakh province is

low, the amount of humus is 0.8-0.9%, the area of

saline soils is increasing due to limited water

resources (Khujanovich, 2021).

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2412-6088

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2372-9768

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9350-8892

Even in such extreme conditions, it is necessary to

increase the productivity of cotton and other

agricultural crops, efficient use of land and increase

soil fertility. The total area of irrigated lands in

Jizzakh province is 300,000 hectares, of which

165,000 hectares are 55.1% weak, 70,700 hectares are

23.6% medium and 6,200 hectares are 2.7% strongly

saline, and 20% are low-yielding lands (Khujanovich,

2021; Obidjonovich, 2022).

In such lands, it is absolutely impossible to get

high yields of cotton, wheat and other agricultural

crops without increasing soil fertility (Rudenko,

2008; Turdievich, 2016; Muradov & Ilkhamov, 2014;

Obidjonovich, 2022). In this regard, one of the most

pressing issues in Jizzakh province is the

development of water and resource-saving

technologies for the care of soybeans from legumes

to increase the productivity of irrigated lands, in order

to increase soil fertility.

Such studies have not been conducted before in

the soil climate of Jizzakh province. Extensive

scientific work has been carried out by a number of

scientists abroad and at home on the cultivation of

legumes, soybeans and sunflowers in the main and

secondary periods, as well as the study of their

biology and cultivation technologies (Rudenko, 2008;

Muradov & Ilkhamov, 2014; Turdievich, 2016;

Abdurakhimov, S., Sultanov, U., Tukhtamishev, M. and Karimboyeva, S.

Effects of Irr igation Technologies on Soybean Varieties Planted as Repeated Crops in Uzbekistan.

DOI: 10.5220/0014044500004738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2024), pages 60-63

ISBN: 978-989-758-773-3; ISSN: 3051-7710

Khujanovich, 2021; Obidjonovich, 2022). However,

today, at a time of growing water shortages not only

in Uzbekistan but around the world, it is important to

develop optimal irrigation technologies for the

cultivation of soybeans as a secondary crop after

winter wheat.

Therefore, the purpose of the study was to

determine the water-saving technology for irrigation

of Nafis and Orzu varieties of soy in the conditions of

hydromorphic, meadowgray, lightly sandy, weakly

saline soils, groundwater level at a depth of 2.0-3.0

meters in Jizzakh province. to study the impact of

varieties on growth, development and productivity,

and to develop scientific and practical

recommendations for farms.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Laboratory analysis and field experiments were

conducted on the basis of methodological manuals

such as "Methods of conducting field experiments"

UzPITI, Tashkent, 2007. The work on soil and plant

sampling and their agrochemical analysis was carried

out on the basis of " Methods of agrochemical,

agrophysical and microbiological research in

irrigated cotton provinces" and "Methods of

agrochemical analyzes of soils and plants in Central

Asia". The data obtained on productivity were

statistically evaluated by mathematical processing by

the method of Dospekhov (1985) (Rudenko 2008;

Rudenko et al., 2012; Abdullaeva, 2014; Muradov

and Ilkhamov 2014; Turdievich, 2016; Jan et al.,

2020; Abdalova et al., 2021; Alimova et al., 2022;

Alimova et al., 2023).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Soil volume weight and field moisture capacity In

order to determine the timing and norms of irrigation

depending on soil moisture, the experimental field

soil volume weight and field moisture capacity were

determined in early spring and autumn in order to

determine its change. The results of our findings

showed that the volumetric weight of the soil in the

0-30.0-50.0-70 and 0-100 cm layers of the soil was

1.36-1.37-1.39-1.40 g/cm

. The field moisture

capacity of the soil in these layers was 18.5-18.9-

19.5-20.2% relative to the absolute dry mass of the

soil (Table 1), and the volume weight of the soil at the

end of the growing season was determined by the

options. According to the results of the observation,

at the end of the growing season the weight of the soil

increased slightly and was 1.43-1.44-1 in layers 0-50,

0-70 and 0-100 cm in the options irrigated in the

normal way (option No. 1, 4, 7, 10) , Was 46 g/cm

while in the options mulched with film (option No. 3,

6, 9, 12) it was 1.41-1.43-1.44 g/cm

By the end of the growing season, the increase in

the volume weight of the soil was due to the passage

of seasonal irrigation and their norms, as well as the

use of tillage techniques between rows. In the

experiment, it was found that in options 3, 6, 9, and

12, which were irrigated with a film covering the soy,

the soil was less compacted by 0.01-0.02 g/cm

As a result of soil compaction during the season,

its water permeability also decreased. At the

beginning of the growing season, the water

permeability of the soil was 1,550 m

/ha for 6 hours.

The water permeability of the soil decreased from 585

/ha in the first hour of observation to the following

hours, and the water absorption to the ground in the

sixth hour was 60 m

/ha. Observations show that as a

result of irrigation during the growing season and

their norms, as well as the transition of techniques

between rows, soil water permeability decreased

slightly in autumn, and soybean varieties are irrigated

in the usual way. If there is a film-lined irrigation

between the edges, 3,6,9 and 12 options were

consumed 1,105-1,245 m

/ha.

Table 1: Volume weight of the experimental field soil and

the limited field moisture capacity (LFMC).

Layers,

Volume weight of soil, g/сm

LFMC,

Summer

Autumn

mulching

With

mulching

0-10 1.35 1.42 1.40 17.8

10-20 1.36 1.41 1.39 18.6

20-30 1.37 1.42 1.41 19.2

30-40 1.43 1.44 1.43 19.4

40-50 1.47 1.47 1.45 19.6

50-60 1.42 1.48 1.46 20.6

60-70 1.43 1.47 1.47 21.0

70-80 1.45 1.50 1.49 21.4

80-90 1.44 1.52 1.51 22.0

90-

100

1.43 1.54 1.53 22.9

0-30 1.36 1.41 140 18.5

0-50 1.39 1.43 1.41 18.9

0-70 1.40 1.44 1.43 19.5

0-100 1.41 1.46 1.44 20.2

Effects of Irrigation Technologies on Soybean Varieties Planted as Repeated Crops in Uzbekistan

Adequate moisture in the soil during the growing

season for soybean varieties is important for its

growth, development and harvest. To keep the soil

moisture before irrigation at 70-70-60% of the limited

field moisture capacity, Nafis and Orzu varieties of

soybean are applied once during the application

period, and soy to maintain the soil moisture before

irrigation at around 75-75-65% of the limited field

moisture capacity. varieties were required to irrigate

2 times. Irrigation timing and norms Soybean

varieties are irrigated from 1 to 4 cm, depending on

the amount of soil moisture in the layer 0-50 cm

before flowering, 0-70 cm during the formation of

pods and 0-50 cm during ripening. In options 2, 5, 8,

and 11, depending on the amount of soil moisture in

the layer 0-50 cm before flowering, 0-50 cm during

the formation of pods and 0-50 cm during ripening, in

rows 3, 6, 9, and 12 irrigated with film between rows

and 0-30 cm before flowering, 0-50 cm during the

formation of pods and 0-30 cm during ripening,

depending on the amount of soil moisture in the layer.

During the period of application of soybean varieties,

the established irrigation regime was fully followed,

and the error was around 0.3-1.9%. Preirrigation soil

moisture in the order of 70-70-60% relative to the

limited field moisture capacity In the 1st option,

irrigated from all branches, the soil moisture after

irrigation (in the 0-100 cm layer of soil) is 15.1%

from 212.9 mm - 18.1 % Up to 255.2 mm, in the 2nd

option irrigated between the rows from 16.1% to

227.0 mm - from 18.0% to 253.8 mm, in the 3rd

option irrigated with a film between the rows of soy

16.4% (232.1 mm) - increased by 17.8% to 250.9

mm. Nafis variety of soy In the 4,5, and 6 options

irrigated in the order of 75-75-60% relative to the

limited field moisture capacity of the soil before

irrigation, the soy is from 16.0% to 225.6 mm to

17.8% to 250.9 mm , from 16.7% to 235.4 mm to

18.0% to 253.8 mm when irrigated, and from 16.8%

to 236.8 mm to 17.6% to 248.1 mm in the case of

irrigated with a film between the rows of soy. found

to increase. Similar data preceded the planted

varieties of the soy Orzu variety.

These figures were 180-225 m3/ha (24-29%) in

the inter-irrigated options of the Orzu variety of soy

and 350-375 m3/ha (40-56%) in the irrigated options

of the soy. In the experiment, the lowest yield in the

options planted with fine soybeans was observed in

the irrigated options of soybeans in the order of 70-

70-60% relative to the limited field moisture capacity

before irrigation with the lowest yield. The yield was

25.426.6 q/ha. The minimum yield in the options was

25.4-26.6 q/ha

4 CONCLUSIONS

In the conditions of meadow-gray soils of Jizzakh

province, the most favorable conditions for their

growth and development in the care of Nafis and Orzu

varieties of soy were preirrigation in the order of 75-

75-65% of the limited field moisture content of the

soil. In the experiment, the bulk weight of the soil

increased slightly towards the end of the growing

season and the bulk weight of the soil in the 0-50, 0-

70 and 0-100 cm layers increased slightly and the

soybean varieties were irrigated from all branches in

the 0-50, 0-70 and 0100 cm layers of the soil. 1.43-

1.44-1.46 g/cm

, while in the irrigated options

covered with a film on the soy branches is 1.41-1.43-

1.44 g/cm

. It was found to be less dense at 01-0.02

g/cm

While the water permeability of the soil was 1,550

m3/ha in 6 hours in spring, the water permeability of

the soil decreased slightly in autumn as a result of

irrigation during the growing season and their norms

and the passage of techniques between rows, and

1,0451,050 m3/ha was 1,105-1,245 m3/ha in the

irrigated options with a film between the edges.

It was found that 175-220 m3/ha of 27-29% of

water was saved in each irrigation in the irrigated

options of the Shaf Nafis variety compared to all

irrigated options, while 40-56% of water was saved in

the 340-355 m3/ha of film irrigated options. These

figures were 2429% for 180-225 m3/ha in the inter-

irrigated options of the Orzu variety of soy and 40-

56% for 350-375 m3/ha in the irrigated options with

film coating on the soy.

In the experiment, the highest yields in the options

of Nafis and Orzu soybeans were obtained from the

options irrigated by covering the soil moisture in the

order of 75-75-65% with respect to the limited field

moisture capacity before irrigation, and the yield was

33.631.1 q/ha.

In the experiment, the minimum water consumption

for the cultivation of 1 q of soybean was 8.4 m3/q in

3 options of film soy for the owners of Nafis variety

of soybeans and 9.7 m3/q in the option of 9 varieties

of soybeans irrigated with film

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Effects of Irrigation Technologies on Soybean Varieties Planted as Repeated Crops in Uzbekistan