The Application of New Green Buildings in Beijing

Wenqi Cai

, Yihong Yan

2,*

and Silei Zhao

School of Architecture and Engineering, Guangzhou Vocational and Technical University of Science and Technology,

Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China

School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China

School of Art and Design, Suihua College, Suihua, Heilongjiang, 152000, China

Keywords: Architecture and Environment, Green Building, Global Climate, Ecological Footprint.

Abstract: With the increasingly serious global environmental problems, green building has become an important

development direction of the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to design a green building

that satisfies the factors of energy saving, environmental protection and sustainability in the process of

building design, construction and operation, which can reduce the negative impact on the environment and

improve the overall efficiency of the building. This paper takes Tsinghua University in Beijing as the research

area, analyzes the data of the new green building model, and obtains the specific model data and the practical

significance effect of energy saving, so as to prove the practical application feasibility of the building.

Suggestions are made on environmental protection, energy-saving design of doors and Windows structure,

strengthening recycling of building construction materials, reducing dust pollution and principles that should

be observed in green Construction, in order to achieve practical progress in green building application.

1 INTRODUCTION

Since the oil crisis in the mid-1970s, mankind has

faced challenges such as environmental degradation,

resource depletion and energy crisis. Therefore, in the

late 1970s and early 1980s, architects began to study

energy-saving building materials and green building

methods, such as fully using ventilation, increasing

the use of natural light, and using natural materials.

Green buildings refer to high-quality buildings

that save resources, protect the environment, reduce

pollution, provide healthy, applicable and efficient

space for people, and realize harmonious coexistence

between people and nature during the whole life of

buildings (Jingshan, 2022). Compared with

traditional high-cost building materials, such as

biomass building materials, low-energy building

materials and new green building materials such as

walls, waterproof seals, heat preservation and heat

insulation, the cost of building is lower, which can

effectively reduce the cost of building. Not only that,

but with the gradual development of green buildings,

the concept of green buildings has also received more

attention from the construction industry. Green

buildings can reduce the load of the building on the

environment, make people friendly to nature, pay

more attention to the comfort and health of the indoor

environment, and, through reasonable design and

layout, let people get close to nature and close to

nature. At the same time, let everyone's

environmental awareness has been further cultivated,

establish environmental awareness, and promote the

harmonious coexistence of man and nature.

When humanity enters the 21st century, the rapid

development of urbanization and industrialization is

accompanied by increasingly severe problems such as

resource consumption, environmental pollution and

global warming. Therefore, green building, an

emerging model of low-carbon environmental

protection and sustainable development, has come

into everyone's vision and gradually received global

attention. With the rapid development of social

economy and the continuous improvement of science

and technology, people's living standards have also

been greatly improved, and people's requirements for

living environment and quality of life are getting

higher and higher (Li, 2018). At present, China has

comprehensively promoted the reform of the market

economy system. Still, the development of the entire

market economy is not fully mature, efficient market

system and mechanism have not yet formed, and there

are still some defects in the process of market

Cai, W., Yan, Y. and Zhao, S.

The Application of New Green Buildings in Beijing.

DOI: 10.5220/0013845200004914

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Ecosystem (ICREE 2024), pages 64-68

ISBN: 978-989-758-776-4

operation (Kai, 2022).

The green building designed in this paper is a

three-story heterosexual villa located in Beijing.

According to the concept of green building, we

choose green building materials that reduce building

costs and energy consumption, and improve the

utilization of natural energy as much as possible, such

as wind and sunlight, among which we pay most

attention to the use of light. We use glass building

materials as much as possible, maximize the increase

of light, increase ventilation, reduce energy

consumption, expand the vision, increase the

proximity between people and nature, and create a

more comfortable, comfortable and environmentally

friendly living environment.

2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Beijing is located in the north of China, the north of

the North China Plain, the east adjacent to Tianjin, the

rest are adjacent to Hebei Province, the center is

located in 116°20 'east longitude, 39°56' north

latitude, In the northwest Beijing is high, and in the

southeast it is low. Three sides of the region are

mountainous: the west, north, and northeast; the

southeast is a plain that gradually declines into the

Bohai Sea. The Mongolian high has an influence on

Beijing's climate, which is a continental monsoon

climate and has an annual precipitation of 604 mm in

its warm temperate semi-humid area. The climate in

Beijing varies from dry winters to winds during

spring, rainy summers, sunshine during fall and mild

winters, while an average temperature throughout the

year is 10-12 degrees Celsius. In winter, the cold air

blowing from the northwest is blocked by the

mountains and warmed when sinking, so Beijing is

warmer in winter than other regions of the same

latitude, and the frost-free period is about 180-200

days. The opposite-sex building is located on the

Tsinghua campus in Beijing.

The building is environmentally friendly, green

and sustainable development as the core concept of

architectural design. Beijing is cold in winter and hot

in summer, and the area has a large sunlight exposure

range, which is worth making use of. Therefore, this

paper builds this green building under this condition.

Similar buildings used light before, but they are not

widely used. Therefore, this paper designs

architecture in this background design output.

The total construction area of the green is 91.00

square meters, the net construction area is 45.56

square meters, the unconditional construction area is

45.44 square meters, and the height of the building is

about 13 meters. The building has three floors and is

located north to south. Taking into account

ventilation, sunshine, beauty and other factors, the

south and west of each floor of the building are a large

area of 180° panoramic Windows, including 32.8

square meters in the south and 24 square meters in the

west, which can maximize the use of sunlight, reduce

energy use, and achieve green environmental

protection. In the east of the building, the building

also adopts a glass roof, the staircase is not only full

of light but also effectively avoids some dead corners,

so that the interior space looks more transparent, and

can improve the temperature of the house, and set up

a glass terrace on the third floor, so that the room is

more ventilated, comfortable, and more light. Glass is

used in a large area of the building because it can

convert the sun's rays into infrared rays. This kind of

long wavelength light can be absorbed by the glass

and block some direct ultraviolet rays, thus reducing

the cooling load of the building and saving energy

(Le, 2020).

There are 5 Spaces from the first floor to the third

floor, including two on the first floor, two on the

second floor and one on the third floor. The internal

space zoning is clear and clear, and the functions are

rich, which can meet the needs of families of about 6

people. The front section of each floor adopts a step

design, which is an architectural form of jumping

down layer by layer, constituting a unique

architectural facade effect. Its feature is that each

floor can have an outdoor platform, and can get a

good view, making the overall building more

hierarchical, from the visual can also give people a

sense of freshness, while improving the utilization of

sunlight, make each floor space brighter, but also

make the overall building more transparent. There is

also a balcony on the east side of the second floor,

which can increase the sunshine and enrich the

activity space. The roof adopts a dark slanted roof

design, which can absorb outdoor heat in summer,

effectively prevent low temperatures in winter,

maintain indoor temperature, make indoor all seasons

like spring, reduce cold and hot energy consumption,

meet the drainage function, and heat preservation and

insulation, help to keep indoor temperature stable,

summer can gather heat on the top, reduce indoor heat

loss; In winter, excessive indoor cold can be

prevented to create a comfortable, healthy, energy

saving and emission reduction living space (Haoyuan,

2010).

The Application of New Green Buildings in Beijing

3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

3.1 Result Analysis

This paper uses AUTODESK Revit software to test

the building data. The building uses 65.46 gigajoules

for cooling, 41.28 gigajoules for heating, 5.80

gigajoules for indoor lighting and 5.80 gigajoules for

indoor equipment. Depending on energy use, district

heating is the main heat source. The power intensity

of illumination is 127.29 megajoules per square

meter, the district cocooling intensity of HVAC is

1436.71 megajoules per square meter, the district

heating intensity is 906.00 megajoules per square

meter, and the other power intensity is 127.29

megajoules per square meter. Energy per gross floor

area for heating end-use components is 1639.06

megajoules per square meter for source district

heating, 759.37 megajoules per square meter for

cooling, 201.84 megajoules per square meter for

interior lighting power, 201.84 megajoules per square

meter for interior equipment, The total energy end-

use components are 403.69 megajoules per square

meter for power supply, 759.37 megajoules per

square meter for source district cooling and 1639.06

megajoules per square meter for source district

heating. The total energy of the total energy

consumption of the site is 118.33 gigajoules, the

energy per unit building area is 1300.41 gigajoules,

the energy per condition building area is 2597.29

gigajoules, the total energy is 254.98 gigajoules, the

energy per unit building area is 2802.13 gigajoules.

The energy per condition building area is 5596.63

gigajoules. The actual use of the building is

significantly less energy than other buildings in the

area, and heating uses less energy than cooling.

3.2 Suggestions

3.2.1 Environmental Protection

Nowadays, the prosperity of China's construction

industry, any scale, any type of project, people attach

importance to environmental protection, which

directly determines that in the construction

management and green project management must

follow the principle of environmental protection, in

the project construction more common application of

energy-saving technology and environmental

protection materials, fundamentally reduce all aspects

of pollution, These include water sources, noise and

dust. In addition, when formulating the construction

plan, we should consider not only the economy and

technology but also the environmental protection to

ensure that the construction management is consistent

with the specific requirements of environmental

protection (Yingfei and Jialin, 2022). In the process

of architectural design and Construction, natural

resources such as wind energy and light energy can

be fully utilized to minimize the energy consumption

and environmental pollution of buildings. Qualified

green buildings have very strict requirements in

interior design, need to use the most environmentally

friendly building materials, maximize the use of

sunlight and wind energy, and create an environment

close to nature. To achieve the goal of harmonious

development of humans, architecture and the natural

environment, it is necessary to create a healthy living

environment on the basis of environmental

protection, minimize the damage to the natural

ecological environment as much as possible, and

achieve the goal of harmonious coexistence between

human and nature (Baolong, 2022).

3.2.2 Designing Doors and Windows with

Energy-Saving Features

Next, When designing energy-saving windows, it is

important to take into account the outer structure of

the window., and the peripheral position can be

reasonably increased so as to effectively improve the

thermal insulation performance of the window. In

addition, under the conditions of daily use by urban

residents, the area of the window can be reduced in

the use environment, which can achieve the purpose

of reducing heat loss. Typically, during construction,

windows and doors serve as primary sources for both

indoor and outdoor air flow and exchange. Therefore,

we aim to design a balanced ratio between doors,

Windows, and walls, considering their resistance to

wind and rain. Since the building is located in Beijing,

which belongs to the north, we will also consider the

tightness of doors and windows, and then on the

premise of ensuring the smooth indoor ventilation

conditions, the size of doors and Windows will be

appropriately reduced according to the specific

construction conditions, capable of serving as both a

shield against wind and a source of warmth, while

also enhancing indoor conditions (Jun 2022).

3.2.3 Enhance the Recycling of Materials

Used in Building Construction

As the social economy continues to advance at a rapid

pace and urbanization speeds up,, there are more

demolition projects in China's construction industry

at present, and a large amount of construction waste

is generated in many cities after large-scale

ICREE 2024 - International Conference on Renewable Energy and Ecosystem

demolition. To efficiently repurpose these valuable

leftovers, construction debris can be methodically

sorted using advanced technology, while certain

structures can be pulverized with specialized

equipment.These crushed construction materials can

be applied to the road construction process, and the

rest of the usable building materials can be put into

concrete The processing. Through the effective

recycling of these building materials, it can not only

effectively reduce the cost input of the building

construction unit, but also make secondary use of

these waste through the processing of professional

technology, and carry out the recycling of resources,

so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and

consumption reduction. It should be noted that in the

process of recycling waste sources, it is crucial to

guarantee that the materials being recycled are not

only safe for our environment but also pose no harm

to our health. We must be vigilant in avoiding the

recycling of any chemical waste or other harmful

substances that could potentially contaminate our

surroundings. Our responsibility lies in making

conscious choices that prioritize the well-being of

both our planet and ourselves. Not only do these

chemical wastes fail to align with eco-friendly

building practices, but they also significantly affect

the quality of construction endeavors.

3.2.4 Reducing Dust Pollution

In the process of Construction, sand, cement and

other materials that will generate dust will be used,

especially in windy weather or in areas with a long

period of drought, which is easy to generate dust,

which will have a certain impact on the air in the

surrounding area, and even affect the normal life of

nearby residents. Therefore, during the construction

period, relevant workers need to take corresponding

measures to solve the dust problem, such as hardening

the roads on the construction site, using clean fuel, or

sprinkling water on the construction site, etc., which

can effectively avoid the spread of dust and reduce

the impact on surrounding residents (Ruifan et al.,

2021).

3.2.5 Principles to Be Observed

Compared with the traditional management mode, the

green construction management is more prominent in

saving energy and resources and protecting the

environment. On the one hand, in the construction

process, particular attention should be paid to the use

of clean energy and other energy conservation, and

the consumption of energy and resources should be

controlled from the details (Kunlin, 2022). For

example, a collection and treatment system for the

reuse of foundation pit precipitation is established at

the construction site to realize the collection and use

of water resources and save water. On the other hand,

we should pay attention to the prevention and control

of pollution, while using a variety of green

environmental protection technologies, we should

also pay attention to the management of dust, waste

water, noise and other problems generated in the

construction process, and write a green building

blueprint.

4 CONCLUSION

These software not only help architects better

understand and predict the environmental

performance of buildings, but also provide data

support to drive the popularity and development of

green buildings worldwide. In this mini-project of

Green Building Design Practice, our team used

AUTODESK Revit software to design a new building

in Beijing and performed the following analysis.

After using Revit to design green buildings, we got an

energy-efficient and environmentally friendly design

solution. Revit's energy analysis shows that the

building makes full use of daylight and reduces

energy consumption in winter. In summer, the interior

is kept comfortable through natural ventilation and

shading. In addition, the choice of building materials

also focuses on environmental protection and

sustainability, and many renewable and recyclable

materials are used. Revit's BIM features make

collaboration between professional teams smoother,

ensuring design accuracy and integrity. In the end,

this green building design not only meets the

requirements of energy saving and environmental

protection, but also provides a healthy and

comfortable living environment for the occupants.

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION

All the authors contributed equally and their names

were listed in alphabetical order.

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The Application of New Green Buildings in Beijing

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ICREE 2024 - International Conference on Renewable Energy and Ecosystem