Research on the Impact Factors of Dual Aging in the Renovation of

Old Residential Areas in Wuhan Based on AHP-DEMATEL

Jinchen Hu

, Wang Pei

1,* a

, Yuejun Cao

and Jingyu Wang

School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, China

HUST Architectural Planning and Design Institute, 430022 Wuhan, China

Keywords: Old Community, Double Aging, AHP, DEMATEL Model, Age-Appropriate Transformation, Evaluation

System of Double Aging Dilemma.

Abstract: In contemporary society, the prevalence of "dual aging" residential areas, characterized by the simultaneous

aging of both the physical environment and residents, is increasing. The renovation of these "dual aging" areas

has gradually emerged as a significant category of urban renewal. This study, based on research conducted in

old residential areas in Wuhan, summarizes the issues of "dual aging" areas into "two levels, six dimensions."

It employs the AHP-DEMATEL model to construct an evaluation system for the dual aging dilemma and

conducts an analysis. The analysis of the data reveals that the six factors can be categorized into four groups,

with strong causal relationships between internal factors. Different types of key factors determine the extent

of dual aging in the community and the focal points of age-appropriate renovation.

1 INTRODUCTION

Due to the long-term dependence of the elderly on

their living environment and their sense of belonging

to residential places, the proportion of elderly people

in old residential areas has become increasingly

serious. The renovation of old residential areas has a

crucial impact on the living environment and quality

of life of local elderly people. However, the

phenomenon of "dual aging," where the aging of the

physical environment accompanies the aging of

residents, has gradually become an important type of

renovation for old residential areas (Chen et al., 2022).

(Yu 2022)

analyzed the influencing factors of the

renovation of old residential areas using the Decision

Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)

method. (Zheng et al., 2023) used CiteSpace to

visually analyze the hotspots of research on age-

friendly transformation of old residential areas, and

found that the research attention on age-friendly

transformation of old residential areas in China has

been increasing, and in the future, research on age-

friendly transformation of old residential areas will

develop into diversification and diversification in

various industries.

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2193-4666

In 2020, the population aged 60 and above in the

15 districts of Wuhan reached 2.124 million,

accounting for 17.23% of the total population, with

the population aged 65 and above reaching 1.456

million, accounting for 11.81%. (Wuhan Bureau of

Statistics. 2021) In this context, the state has issued a

series of policies aimed at building a community-

based, community-reliant, and institution-supported

community elderly care service system. According to

the development trend of elderly care in China,

home-based elderly care will dominate in the future.

(Huang et al., 2019) conducted a survey and analysis

of a typical old residential area in Wuhan, using the

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct a

community age-friendliness evaluation system and

proposing the renovation of old communities from

the perspective of community home-based elderly

care models. (Chen et al., 2022), based in the old city

area of Wuhan, selected four representative

communities and explored the differences in the

elderly-friendly transformation of residential

communities through surveys and interviews.

As of now, the academic community in China

focuses on the renovation of old residential areas

primarily from the perspectives of technological

renovation and policy and management models.

Hu, J., Pei, W., Cao, Y., Wang and J.

Research on the Impact Factors of Dual Aging in the Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Wuhan Based on AHP-DEMATEL.

DOI: 10.5220/0013645800004671

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Civil Engineering (ICESCE 2024), pages 279-290

ISBN: 978-989-758-764-1; ISSN: 3051-701X

279

However, there is insufficient attention to the issues

and dilemmas of "dual aging" This study, based on

research on old residential areas in Wuhan,

summarizes the problems of old residential areas into

"two levels, six dimensions," which are the negative

impacts of three types of aging in old residential areas

on the elderly population and the three types of needs

of the elderly population in old residential areas. The

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to conduct

consistency tests on the "two levels, six aspects"

indicators and obtain the weights of various level

indicators. Then, the Decision Making Trial and

Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used

to analyze the influencing factors of the six

dimensions. Finally, the AHP method is combined

with the DEMATEL method to construct an

evaluation system for the dilemma of old residential

areas from the perspective of dual aging, and

conclusions are drawn through a causal four-quadrant

diagram.

2 ANALYSIS OF THE DUAL

AGING DILEMMA AND

EXTRACTION OF FACTORS

2.1 The Current Status of Dual Aging

in Old Residential Areas in Wuhan

According to the seventh census and the proportion of

renovations in Wuhan, the situation of "dual aging" in

Wuhan is increasing day by day. The old communities

lack elderly-friendly facilities, making it difficult to

meet the needs of the elderly, and urgent age-friendly

renovations are needed.

Due to the most severe aging population in

QingShan District, Wuhan City (Figure 1) where the

proportion of people aged 60 and above is 25.22% and

those aged 65 and above is 17.93%, ranking first, this

study conducted on-site surveys and data research on

old residential areas in Ganghua Village Street,

QingShan District, Wuhan City.

Ganghua Village Street has a total of 12

communities and is a typical example of old

residential areas in Wuhan that have undergone

housing reform. This survey found that the proportion

of people aged 60 and above and 80 and above in

communities 117, 118, 119, and 120 (Table 1)

exceeds 36% on average, indicating a serious aging

population. The age of the residential areas exceeds

35 years, and the phenomenon of "dual aging" is very

serious, leading to increasingly severe issues related

to the elderly population in these old residential areas.

Figure 1: Degree of Aging in Various Districts of Wuhan

in 2020.

Table 1: Proportion of Elderly Population in Four

Communities in Ganghua Village.

Com

muni

Resid

ent P

opulat

ion

Aged 6

0 and

Above

Perc

entag

e(%)

Aged 8

0 and

Above

Perce

ntage

(%)

117 5206 1942

37.3

620

11.9

118 4396 1573

35.8

400

9.1

119 3400 1432

42.1

246

7.2

120 3200 965

30.1

180

5.6

sum 16202 5912

36.5

1446

8.9

The study focuses on four old residential areas in

Ganghua Village Street, QingShan District:

communities 117, 118, 119, and 120. Through a

series of interviews and surveys, the study identifies

the negative impact of old residential areas on the

elderly population and the needs of the elderly

population within these areas. Specifically, it

analyzes the challenges in terms of building aging,

management aging, safety aging, and the needs of the

elderly for travel, environment, and health. The "two

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levels, six dimensions" identified in the analysis will

serve as the indicators and factors for constructing the

AHP-DEMATEL model.

2.2 Negative Impact of Old Residential

Areas on the Elderly Population

Through on-site investigation and research of the old

residential area, this study systematically analyzed the

impact of building aging on the life of the elderly

(Kailun et al., 2024), manage the conflicts of the

elderly population brought about by aging (Tang,

2023), and the potential fire hazards of the elderly

population caused by safe aging (Liang et al., 2023).

It also examines issues that communities and relevant

departments find difficult to address. The systematic

summary of the negative impact of old residential

areas on the elderly population is shown in Table 2

below.

2.3 Needs of the Elderly Population in

Old Residential Areas

Through the questionnaire survey of the elderly

population in the community, the difficulties and

needs of the elderly population in the elderly

residential area are analyzed. This paper summarizes

the mental illness caused by the travel demand of the

elderly population

(Ibáñezdel et al., 2022), the impact

of environmental demand on the elderly (Wang et al.,

2023), and the health demand caused by the

backward community medical care (Ogrin et al.,

2022). At the same time, the needs of the elderly

population in the elderly residential areas are

systematically analyzed and summarized, which

provides a basis for the elderly friendly

transformation of the elderly residential areas, as

shown in Table 3 below.

Table 2 Negative Impact of Old Residential Areas on the Elderly Population

Architectur

e Aging

Phenomeno

Lack of elevator facilities, making it difficult for the elderly to go

downstairs.

The pipeline facilities are in disrepair, and the discharge system is rudimentary.

Reasons

The residential buildings are old, and the elderly have poor physical health.

The phenomenon of "hanging elderly" is serious, and the lack of elevators

severely affects the quality of life of the elderly in their later years.

The pipelines are damaged and blocked, leading to accumulation downstairs,

backflow upstairs, and pooling of rainwater in low-lying areas. The drainage

system is old and it is difficult to resolve road flooding.

Dilemma

1.The old buildings have low floors and tight structures. Forcibly installing

elevators will accelerate the aging of the buildings and damage the structure;

2.Considering their own interests, it is difficult for homeowners to agree on

the installation of elevators. It is difficult for each household to coordinate,

making renovation difficult;

3.Although the government provides a lot of support and policies, most low-

level residents do not have the willingness to raise funds.

1.The underground pipelines are complex, and there is a lack of data, making it

difficult to find many temporary maintenance records, which hinders the

preliminary survey work;

2.The underground pipelines are complex, and there is a lack of data, making it

difficult to find many temporary maintenance records, which hinders the

preliminary survey work;

3.The roads are narrow, making it difficult for large equipment and machinery to

enter. The underground system is old, and during excavation, cable and gas

damage and leakage are prone to occur, severely affecting residents' normal lives.

Managemen

t Aging

Phenomeno

Increase in external personnel, increase in group conflicts There are serious illegal constructions, and internal roads are congested.

Reasons

Old residential areas meet the requirements of tenants for convenient

transportation and low rent. There are many external populations, and there

is a tendency for external personnel to have an increasing impact.

The roads in the old residential areas are congested, the houses are old and small,

and illegal constructions and house expansions have become historical problems.

Research on the Impact Factors of Dual Aging in the Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Wuhan Based on AHP-DEMATEL

281

Dilemma

1.The elderly account for 36% of the community, and tenants account for

35%, leading to a dual division between the elderly and tenants, making it

difficult to control the tenant population and easily leading to group

conflicts;

2.The elderly are sensitive to management fees, and the young population is

mostly tenants with a high turnover rate, resulting in difficulty in property

management fees and inability to improve standards;

3.Large property companies avoid old residential areas, with low

management and service levels, and problems such as property disputes

create a vicious circle of management conflicts.

1.Some elderly residents on the ground floor plant and build sheds or renovate

houses in the open space in front of their doors, occupying fire and medical

access routes;

2.The elderly rationalize illegal construction psychologically, making it difficult

for communities and departments to persuade them, seriously hindering

renovation work;

3.Many shops and workshops have been set up inside the community without

legal procedures, and the management staff have no way to start, adding to the

social burden.

Safety

Aging

Phenomeno

Private removal of internal and external vertical walls, barbaric renovation

of houses

Fire facilities are aging, and fire awareness is low.

Reasons

With the improvement of living standards, residents want to change the

layout of bedrooms and living rooms, and the approval process of

decoration companies is simple, with rough and casual construction

processes.

The old residential areas are products of the last century, with little consideration

for fire safety in house design, crowded evacuation routes, and incomplete fire

facilities.

Dilemma

1.Lower-level residents arbitrarily open external vertical walls, add houses,

and even remove the walls on both sides, leading to fragile building

structures.

2.Upper-level residents remove internal vertical walls to expand the use

area, forcibly changing the housing structure, and burying deep safety

hazards for the houses in the old residential areas;

3.Home decoration companies use the industrial and commercial

registration system, without qualification approval and construction permits,

to meet the requirements of homeowners. During construction, the safety of

the building is not considered。

1.With the diversification of electrical appliances, fire hazards have become

deeply rooted, and crowded evacuation routes pose a serious threat to the safety

of elderly residents;

2.The internal roads of the community are narrow, and there are serious illegal

constructions, occupying fire access routes, affecting the speed of firefighting

personnel rescue;

3.The building materials are outdated, the fire equipment is old, and combined

with the inherent ideas of the elderly, it is difficult to popularize fire knowledge.

Table 3: Needs of the Elderly Population in Old Residential Areas

Travel Needs

Phenomenon

Urgent Need for Elevator Installation and Addition of Barrier-Free

Facilities

The addition of greenery within the community and the expansion of external

streets

Reasons

The elderly population experiences physical deterioration, making it

difficult for them to travel downstairs. Disabled elderly individuals need

wheelchairs for mobility, but the lack of barrier-free facilities hinders their

travel.

The elderly have higher demands for the travel environment, but the lack of

greenery in the community and narrow sidewalks outside the streets hinder

their mobility.

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1.Travel difficulties cause psychological pressure on empty-nest elderly

individuals, leading to unmet psychological needs, which can affect their

physical and mental health in the long run;

2.Travel difficulties cause psychological pressure on empty-nest elderly

individuals, leading to unmet psychological needs, which can affect their

physical and mental health in the long run;

3.Many elderly people lack the company of their children, making it

difficult for them to go downstairs for medical treatment or medication

during illness.

1.The level of greenery and the internal spatial system determine the

willingness of the elderly to travel. The public spaces in the community cannot

meet the requirements of the elderly for travel.

2.The narrow streets outside the old community have heavy traffic, and some

construction projects occupy sidewalks, posing safety hazards to the elderly

due to narrow roads and crowded people.

3.There is a lack of public spaces and recreational facilities within the

community, which affects the social interaction and travel willingness of the

elderly, harming their physical and mental health.

Environmental

Needs

Dilemma

Rectification of the community environment and regulation of group

activities

Improving air quality and building a low-carbon environment

Phenomenon

The elderly have higher demands for the safety and tranquility of their

surroundings, hoping that the community can eliminate safety hazards and

stay away from noise and bustle.

The elderly are sensitive to air pollution and hope that their living

environment will have clean and fresh air, away from sources of pollution.

Reasons

1.Due to the conflicting lifestyles of the elderly and the young, there are

differences in the daily routines of the two groups, and the activities and

rest times of the young conflict with those of the elderly.

2.Inconvenient transportation and lack of living facilities make it difficult

for the elderly to seek medical treatment or shop, both within and outside

the old community.

3.Due to the popularity of the old community among tenants, there is

uncontrolled access by outsiders, making it difficult to manage, and leading

to a complex internal composition of the community.

1.The stalls of vendors at the entrance of the community produce a large

amount of smoke and pollutants.

2.Due to heavy air pollution, the elderly cannot open windows for ventilation,

and the long-term low environmental quality is very detrimental to the

physical health of the elderly.

3.The elderly are sensitive to changes in the air quality within the community

and need a monitoring and warning mechanism to obtain information on air

quality, as well as the installation of air quality monitoring equipment.

Health Needs

Establishment of a health service system and improvement of health

management concepts

Diverse community medical services and diversified physical examination

services

Dilemma

The elderly have a high demand for medical and health services, but their

concepts of health management lag behind.

Physical deterioration and aging of the community environment have led to an

urgent need for diversified community medical and health services for the

elderly

Phenomenon

1.Low health literacy, lack of understanding of health status, and

inadequate health management skills increase the incidence and mortality

of diseases among the elderly.

2.The current level of prevention and treatment of elderly diseases in

medicine is not high, coupled with the complexity of old communities,

many diseases among the elderly cannot be cured；

3.The elderly choose community and nearby hospitals only for urgently

needed medicines, while few undergo systematic treatment, routine check-

ups, or rehabilitation therapy.

1.For the elderly, it is essential to have two physical examinations per year,

but most community health services are standardized.

2.There are no personalized health service projects for the elderly, and the

types of diseases and risks of diseases for the elderly vary with age, gender,

and family medical history.

3.Without targeted and selective health services, it is impossible to thoroughly

investigate the health status of the elderly, thereby increasing their risk of

illness.

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283

2.4 Dual Aging Conflict Relationship

and Analysis

By summarizing the negative impact of old residential

areas on the elderly population and the demands of the

elderly on these areas, this study has identified a dual

aging conflict relationship termed as "two levels, six

dimensions" (Figure 2). Utilizing Marx's subject-

object theory, the study reveals two levels of

relationships within this dual aging conflict (

Ma 2009

The first level primarily concerns the three major

issues stemming from building aging, namely

"building-safety," which refers to residential safety

issues caused by building structure aging, "building-

management," which involves difficulties in

managing aged building systems, and "building-

management-safety," which encompasses fire safety

problems resulting from aging building structures and

environments. The second level revolves around the

three main conflicts arising from the demands of the

elderly. These include "environment-building" and

"environment-management," which highlight

conflicts between the elderly's lifestyle and

environmental needs and the conflicts between

tenants and vendors, manifesting as noise issues from

the building itself and air quality problems due to lack

of management. Additionally, "travel-building" and

"travel-safety" depict conflicts between the elderly's

needs for downstairs access and walking and the

financial challenges of adapting for the elderly, such

as elevator problems and narrow sidewalks outside

the community. Lastly, "health-management" reflects

conflicts between the elderly's medical needs and

community health management.

Figure 2: Dual Aging Conflict Diagra.

Figure 3: Hierarchical Diagram of Dual Aging.

3 ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR

THE DILEMMA OF OLD

RESIDENTIAL AREAS FROM

THE PERSPECTIVE OF DUAL

AGING

3.1 Construction of an Evaluation

System for Dual Aging Dilemmas

Based on the aforementioned two levels and six

dimensions of issues, this study conducts research

from two levels: the negative impact of old residential

areas on the elderly population and the demands of

the elderly population on the community. These two

levels are taken as primary indicators, while the

dimensions of building aging, management aging,

safety aging, environmental demands, travel

demands, and health demands are taken as secondary

indicators (Figure 3).The construction of the dual

aging dilemma evaluation system involves the use of

the AHP-DEMATEL model to analyze the

hierarchical structure of the two primary indicators

and six secondary indicators (

Jia

2023).

Firstly, the AHP method is used to analyze the

relationships between the six elements of the

evaluation system, establishing a hierarchical

structure of the system. This involves qualitatively

judging and quantitatively representing the relative

importance of each influencing factor at each level.

Through mathematical methods, the weights of each

level are calculated, and judgment matrices are

constructed. Secondly, the DEMATEL method is

used to calculate the "four degrees" of the influencing

factors. Combined with the comprehensive influence

matrix, the impact factors, including the influence

degree (D value), the affected degree (C value), the

centrality (D+C value), and the causality (D-C value),

are calculated. The centrality or causality is then

graphically displayed to facilitate viewing and

analysis.Finally, the weights of the influencing

factors obtained from the AHP and DEMATEL

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284

methods are multiplied and normalized to obtain the

comprehensive impact degree of each factor. This

analysis helps to identify the key and difficult points

in the renovation for aging adaptation.

3.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

3.2.1 Construction of Judgment Matrix

Using the 1-9 scale method in AHP to pairwise

compare the primary and secondary indicators. The

primary indicators form matrix A, and the secondary

indicators form matrix B. Initially, the weights of the

six dimensions' factors are determined through

literature review, surveys, and expert scoring. By

mathematically listing out each factor and judging

their importance based on the scoring results, the

pairwise comparison matrix is constructed. Here,

=1/a

represents the nature of the comparison

between two factors in the judgment matrix.

3.2.2 Survey Data

Through surveys of people aged 60 and above in the

117th, 118th, 119th, and 120th communities, we

distributed 400 questionnaires and received 325 valid

responses, with an effective rate of 81.25%. Based on

the 325 survey responses, the average scores for the

six dimensions of aging adaptation renovation are as

follows: building aging 8.5, management aging 3.2,

safety aging 3.5, travel demand 4.7, environmental

demand 3.4, and health demand 3.5. A higher score

indicates a stronger willingness among the elderly for

renovation.

3.2.3 AHP Weight Analysis

The factor weights are optimized based on the scores

of the six dimensions, and then the pairwise

comparison matrix is constructed by normalizing the

factor weights column-wise, as shown in Table 4 and

Table 5. B1 represents building aging, B2 represents

management aging, B3 represents safety aging, B4

represents travel demand, B5 represents

environmental demand, and B6 represents health

demand.Conduct a consistency check based on the

following formula:



∑

[]











→λ



= 5.994, CI =





→

CI = 0.098

(1)

After consulting the table, it is found that the RI

value for a six-order matrix is 1.26. Therefore, CR =

CI/CR = 0.078, which indicates that CR < 0.1. Thus,

the judgment matrix demonstrates consistency and is

suitable for analysis and calculation.

Table 4: Dual Factor Judgment Matrix.

B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

B1 1 8/3 2 8/5 2 2

B2 3/8 1 3/4 3/5 1 3/4

B3 1/2 4/3 1 4/5 4/3 1

B4 5/8 5/3 5/4 1 5/3 5/4

B5 1/2 1 3/4 3/5 1 3/4

B6 1/2 4/3 1 4/5 4/3 1

Table5: Normalized Dual Factor Judgment Matrix.

B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

𝜔 𝐴𝜔

B1 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3 0.24 0.29 0.288 1.727

B2 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.112 0.676

B3 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.150 0.901

B4 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.2 0.19 0.190 1.126

B5 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.117 0.712

B6 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.150 0.901

Based on the comparison between the negative

impact of old residential areas on the elderly

population and the elderly population's needs in old

residential areas, matrix A is constructed and

compared with matrix B to create six second-order

matrices. The consistency ratio (CR) for each matrix

is calculated and tested for consistency, as shown in

Table 6.Where the negative impact is denoted as A1,

the elderly demand as A2, and the weight indicator as

FAHP.

Research on the Impact Factors of Dual Aging in the Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Wuhan Based on AHP-DEMATEL

285

Table 6: Two-tier Matrices of the Six Aspects.

B1 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

B4 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

A1 0.57 0.57 1.14 A1 0.43 0.43 0.86

A2 0.43 0.43 0.86 A2 0.57 0.57 1.14

B2 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

B5 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

A1 0.67 0.67 1.33 A1 0.47 0.47 0.93

A2 0.33 0.33 0.67 A2 0.53 0.53 1.07

B3 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

B6 A1 A2

𝐴𝜔

A1 0.67 0.67 1.33 A1 0.62 0.62 1.25

A2 0.33 0.33 0.67 A2 0.38 0.38 0.75

Table 7: Composite Weight.

FAHP A1 A2

B1 1.727 1.14 0.86

B2 0.676 1.33 0.67

B3 0.901 1.33 0.67

B4 1.126 0.86 1.14

B5 0.712 0.93 1.07

B6 0.901 1.25 0.75

Composite Weight 0.57 0.43

All six matrices have CR values less than 0.1,

indicating that they pass the consistency test. The

weights of each indicator are then combined to obtain

the comprehensive weights of each aspect, which are

presented in Table 7.

3.3 DEMATEL Method for Analyzing

Factors

3.3.1 Constructing a Comprehensive Impact

Relationship Diagram

DEMATEL (Decision-making Trial and Evaluation

Laboratory) is a systematic analysis method that uses

graph theory and matrix tools to explain problems. By

analyzing the logical relationships and direct impact

matrices among various elements in the system, it is

possible to calculate the degree of influence of each

element on other elements, as well as the degree to

which each element is influenced. This allows for the

calculation of the causality and centrality of each

element, serving as the basis for constructing the

model and determining the causal relationships

among elements and the status of each element in the

system. Based on survey data and expert ratings, a

comprehensive impact relationship diagram is

generated to illustrate the impact relationships of the

elements (see Figure 4), with the numbers on the

arrows representing the magnitude of the impact,

where larger numbers indicate greater impact.

3.3.2 Constructing the Impact Matrix

Following the basic principles of the DEMATEL

method, this study organized the expert ratings and

survey data on the direct impact scores between the

six influencing factors. A direct relationship matrix

was constructed and normalized to obtain the

normalized direct relationship matrix N. By applying

the formula 𝑇 = 𝑁(𝐼 − 𝑁)



, the comprehensive

impact matrix T was derived, and the impact

degree 𝐷



, affected degree 𝐶



,centrality 𝑅



, and

causality 𝐻



of each influencing factor were

calculated (see Tables 8-10 below).

3.3.3 Construction of Cause-and-Effect

Quadrant Diagrams

Cause-and-effect quadrant diagrams can intuitively

demonstrate the degree of influence of various factors

on the dual aging renovation of old residential areas

and the relationships between these factors based on

the pattern of the diagrams. Two quadrant diagrams

are drawn based on the calculated indicators of

influence, being influenced, centrality, and causality.

The centrality-causality diagram takes the average

ICESCE 2024 - The International Conference on Environmental Science and Civil Engineering

286

value of centrality (2.68, 0) as the origin, with

centrality on the X-axis and causality on the Y-axis,

as shown in Figure 5; the influence-being influenced

diagram takes the average value of being influenced

(1.34, 1.34) as the origin, with influence on the X-axis

and being influenced on the Y-axis, as shown in

Figure 6.

Table 8: Normalized Direct Relationship Matrix N.

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

B1 0

0.16

0.2 0.3

0.13

0.2

0.03

0 0.1

0.06

0.16

0.06

0.03

0.13

0 0.1

0.06

0.13

0.03

0.06

0.1 0

0.06

0.2

0.03

0.16

0.1 0.2 0 0.2

B6 0

0.13

0.16

0.23

0.06

Table 9: Comprehensive Influence Matrix T.

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

0.05

0.37

0.41 0.55

0.29

0.46

0.05

0.11

0.20

0.23

0.20

0.05

0.23

0.11

0.23

0.15

0.25

0.05

0.18

0.21

0.15

0.14

0.31

0.06

0.30

0.25

0.37

0.12

0.37

0.03

0.25

0.27

0.36

0.16

Table 10: DEMATEL Calculation Indicators.

D C

D+C(𝑅



)

D-C

(𝐻



)

F(DEMA

2.152 0.332 2.483 1.82 0.154

1.017 1.468 2.484 -0.451 0.154

1.049 1.475 2.524 -0.426 0.157

1.064 1.882 2.946 -0.819 0.183

1.511 1.13 2.641 0.38 0.164

1.259 1.763 3.023 -0.504 0.188

Figure 4: Comprehensive Impact Relationship Diagram.

Figure 5: Center Degree-Cause Degree

Figure 6: Graph and Influence Degree-Being Influenced

Degree Graph.

3.4 Dual Aging Dilemma Evaluation

System AHP-DEMATEL Model

Analysis

3.4.1 Comprehensive Impact Degree of

Influencing Factors

Multiply the weights of the influencing factors

obtained from the AHP and DEMATEL methods,

normalize them, and obtain the comprehensive factor

Zi for each influence, as shown in Table 11 .

Research on the Impact Factors of Dual Aging in the Renovation of Old Residential Areas in Wuhan Based on AHP-DEMATEL

287

3.4.2 Constructing the AHP-DEMATEL

Cause-Effect Quadrant Diagram

Based on the calculated degrees of causality and

comprehensive impact degree from the table above,

plot the comprehensive impact degree on the X-axis

and the degree of causality on the Y-axis, with the

average value of the comprehensive impact degree

(0.1667, 0) as the origin. This will show the

comprehensive impact degree-cause diagram, as

shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Comprehensive Impact Degree-Causality

Diagram.

Table 11: Comprehensive Data.

Factors FAHP Ran

FD Ran

Di Ci Ri Ran

Hi Ran

Zi Ran

B1 0.286 1 0.154 5 2.152 0.332 2.483 6 1.82 1 0.265 1

B2 0.112 6 0.154 6 1.017 1.468 2.484 5 -0.451 4 0.104 6

B3 0.149 3 0.157 4 1.049 1.475 2.524 4 -0.426 3 0.14 4

B4 0.186 2 0.183 2 1.064 1.882 2.946 2 -0.819 6 0.205 2

B5 0.118 5 0.164 3 1.511 1.13 2.641 3 0.38 2 0.117 5

B6 0.149 4 0.188 1 1.259 1.763 3.023 1 -0.504 5 0.169 3

Table 12: Causal Relationship Table of Influencing Factors.

Quadrant Category Factors Characteristic

Ⅰ Key causal factors B1 Z

>0.1667,H

Ⅱ Common causal factors B5 Z

<0.1667,H

Ⅲ Common result factors B2;B3 Z

<0.1667,H

Ⅳ Key result factors B4;B6 Z

>0.1667,H

3.4.3 Analysis of AHP-DEMATEL Model

Results

As shown in Figure 7, among the six factors

influencing the dual aging of old communities, there

are 2 causal factors and 4 effect factors, of which 3

have a comprehensive influence degree above the

average value of 0.1667. Based on the magnitude of

the comprehensive influence degree and the positive

or negative nature of the causality degree, the 6

influencing factors are classified into four categories:

key causal factors, general causal factors, general

effect factors, and key effect factors (Meng et al.,

2023), as shown in Table 12.

Summary of Table 11, Table 12, and Figure 7

reveals that there are certain causal relationships

among the influencing factors:

Firstly, the key causal factor in the first quadrant

is building aging, which has a much greater impact on

other factors than it is impacted by them. Its

comprehensive impact ranks first. In the process of

aging-friendly renovation, attention should be paid

not only to the impact of building aging on the elderly

population in old communities but also to the chain

reaction caused by building aging leading to dual

aging.

Secondly, environmental needs in the second

quadrant have a strong driving force despite being

below the average of the comprehensive impact of the

6 factors and ranking lower in the comprehensive

impact. Although it falls into the category of common

causal factors, its impact should be taken seriously

during the aging-friendly renovation of old

communities.

Thirdly, the result-type common factors of

management aging and safety aging in the fourth

quadrant have a relatively low comprehensive impact,

with the impact on them greater than their impact on

other factors. Their impact on the dual aging dilemma

system and aging-friendly renovation is relatively

small. Safety aging and management aging rank third

and fourth in the six factors, respectively, with

rankings in the middle, showing a certain degree of

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being driven. However, their effects are not

significant. During aging-friendly renovation, the

profound impact of mishandling other factors should

be considered.

Finally, the key result factors in the fourth

quadrant include travel needs and health needs. They

have a relatively large comprehensive impact on the

dual aging dilemma in old communities, but their

causality is less than 0. During aging-friendly

renovation, attention should be paid to the

unfavorable conditions these factors bring to the

elderly population in old communities, and how to

ensure the satisfaction of travel and health needs of

the elderly population in old communities under

unfavorable conditions should be considered.

4 CONCLUSION

Summarizing the negative impact of old residential

areas on the elderly population, the needs of the

elderly in these areas, as well as the dual aging

contradictions, indicator weights, and comprehensive

impact degrees of influencing factors in the "two

levels, six dimensions," along with the analysis of the

constructed quadrant diagram, the following

conclusions can be drawn:

Framework Analysis: The study framework

includes three dimensions of building aging,

management aging, and safety aging, which bring

about difficulties in life, unauthorized construction,

and fire and housing hazards, respectively. The

second level includes three dimensions of travel needs,

environmental needs reflecting air quality and noise

issues, and health needs reflecting the singularity of

health management and services.

Marxist Subject-Object Theory: Using this

theory, the study identifies three major problems

caused by building aging and three major

contradictions formed by the elderly population,

analyzing the contradictory relationship of dual aging.

Influencing Factors: The six influencing factors

have different degrees of impact on the dual aging

contradictions and the adaptation of old residential

areas, and there is a certain causal relationship within

the evaluation system. These factors can be classified

into four categories based on their comprehensive

impact degrees and the positivity or negativity of their

causality: key causal factors, common causal factors,

common result factors, and key result factors.

Key Factors and Countermeasures: Among the

six factors, building aging and environmental needs

are identified as key causal factors. They play a

pivotal role in the dual aging process and should be

the focus of adaptation efforts. Addressing these

factors not only reduces the risk of dual aging in old

residential areas but also safeguards the impact on the

other four result factors.

Significance of Key Factors: The study finds

that three factors, building aging, travel needs, and

health needs, have significantly greater

comprehensive impact degrees than the other three

factors, making them key influencing factors.

Building aging is the top-ranking key causal factor,

while travel needs and health needs are key result

factors, with their comprehensive impact degrees

only slightly lower than that of building aging.

In conclusion, this study provides a new

perspective and method for researching dual aging in

old residential areas, offering theoretical support for

future studies on dual aging contradictions and

challenges. The findings can serve as a reference for

research on dual aging in old residential areas and

provide a theoretical basis for addressing future dual

aging contradictions and challenges.

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