Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in

Museum Navigation System

Yanyan Song

, Hongping Zhou

1,*

, Jie Wei

and Jun Qin

Communication University of China, Nanjing 211172, China

Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China

Keywords:

AR Technology

Guide System

Museum

C# Programming Language.

Abstract: With the development of computer technology, people are no longer satisfied with traditional tourism guide

modes. Mobile-based guide systems integrate advanced technologies such as positioning, virtual reality, and

artificial intelligence, providing tourists with a more personalized and interactive guide experience. The

application of AR technology in the museum navigation system is proposed in this paper. The key

technologies of Augmented Reality (AR) are elaborated upon, including sensor technology, tracking and

registration technology, and human-computer interaction technology. Taking the Yangshao Cultural Museum

as an example, the design and development process of the brochure and tour guide system are introduced in

detail. Models and materials are developed using tools such as Unity3D, 3ds Max, Adobe Premiere Pro, and

Adobe Photoshop. C# programming language is used, supplemented by Vuforia tool, to achieve the mobile

museum guide and interaction with cultural relic models. Enabling users to interact with artifact models

through mobile phones or tablet devices, facilitating in-depth exploration of the charm of historical culture.

This integrated application offers a novel experience for museum tours, expanding the possibilities for cultural

heritage preservation and exhibition. The traditional visiting patterns have been disrupted by the AR-based

guide system. The AR-based guide system enriches visitors' visiting experience and provides museums with

new publicity channels.

1 INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of science and

technology and the continuous expansion of its

application scope, museum navigation methods are

also facing new challenges and opportunities.

Traditional museum navigation methods usually use

signs, exhibition boards, audio guides and other

means. Although they provide visitors with a certain

degree of information and interpretation, there are still

some problems. Problems such as limited information

transmission and insufficient interactivity. The

museum navigation system based on augmented

reality technology provides new possibilities for

improving the shortcomings of traditional navigation

methods. In 2015, the National Tourism

Administration issued the "Notice on Promoting the

Construction of "Tourism + Internet" Scenic Spots,

which emphasized the importance of the construction

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8317-8175

of "smart scenic spots" (ZENG et al., 2020). In

politics. With the support of government policies,

smart tourism is the long-term development direction

at present and in the future, and the development and

construction of intelligent tour guide systems in

scenic spots is the focus and an important part of

building a "smart scenic spot" (ZHENG 2017).

Augmented reality technology is a technology

that combines virtual information with real scenes.

By superimposing virtual images, text, sounds and

other elements on real scenes, users can interact with

displayed items in a more intuitive and immersive

way (LI et al., 2020). In recent years, domestic and

foreign scholars have begun to conduct in-depth

research and exploration on tourism and navigation

systems based on augmented reality technology, and

have achieved some positive results. (Tussyadiah et

al., 2018) demonstrated how to use wearable

augmented reality technology to enhance tourism

Song, Y., Zhou, H., Wei, J., Qin and J.

Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Museum Navigation System.

DOI: 10.5220/0013632200004671

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Civil Engineering (ICESCE 2024), pages 257-270

ISBN: 978-989-758-764-1; ISSN: 3051-701X

257

experience, including guided tours, interactive

exhibitions, historical reenactments, etc., by in-depth

study of some cases of actual tourism projects or

attractions. (Chen et al.,

2021) improved visitor

acceptance and learning motivation by using

augmented reality in museums, researching and

analyzing relevant theories and empirical evidence,

and integrating them into a functional research

prototype and framework. (Xueqiu Z et al., 2022)

studied an interactive navigation system combined

with augmented reality technology to provide

geographical location-based tourism services for

tourists at tourist attractions and provide tourists with

reasonable travel itineraries. (KG et al.,

2023)

introduced augmented reality into the navigation

system and proposed an AR enhanced navigation

system based on the location of automated teller

machine (ATM) counters and bank branches selected

by the user, so that the user can reach the ATM

through the best path.

In the field of museum navigation, the navigation

system based on augmented reality technology

provides visitors with a new experience and

interaction method, which greatly enriches the

sensory and cognitive experience of museum visits.

For example, the National Gallery in Berlin,

Germany, uses augmented reality technology to

develop a navigation system called "Unseen Art",

which aims to enable visitors to see virtual paintings

by superimposing virtual images on real oil paintings.

Discover the details and colors hidden under the

canvas to deepen your understanding and

appreciation of the artwork. Domestically, the

research team of Zhejiang University has also carried

out research work on a museum navigation system

based on AR technology. The system adopts a multi-

level guidance method to provide users with a more

intuitive and vivid navigation experience.

The exhibits in the Yangshao Cultural Museum

are basically pottery, bone vessels and other fragile

objects. They can only be displayed after being

excavated and repaired. In order to prevent them from

being broken again, they can only be placed in glass

cabinets. There are small cards under the exhibits for

introduction. Basic information such as the name and

origin of the cultural relic is provided with graphic

explanations of such exhibits on the wall behind the

exhibit. This study designs and develops a museum

navigation system based on key technologies such as

real-time tracking, graphic registration and

interaction of augmented reality technology, aiming

to improve visitors' navigation experience and

strengthen interaction and communication between

exhibits and audiences. By overlaying virtual

information and scenes in visitors' field of vision, the

museum navigation system can realize real-time

presentation, interactive display and interpretation of

multimedia information, allowing visitors to have a

more comprehensive and in-depth understanding and

appreciation of the exhibits.

2 KEY TECHNOLOGIES

The augmented reality system has the characteristics

of virtual and real combination, real-time interaction,

and three-dimensional registration (

WANG 2020).

It uses display technology, interaction technology,

sensing technology, and computer graphics

technology to integrate the computer-generated

virtual environment with the real environment around

the user (XU et al., 2023).

2.1 Sensor Technology

Augmented reality systems require sensors to obtain

environmental information and user interactions.

Commonly used sensor technologies include

cameras, gyroscopes, accelerometers, and GPS (HE

et al., 2022). Cameras are used to capture real-world

images, gyroscopes and accelerometers are used to

detect the device's orientation and acceleration, and

GPS is used to locate the user's location.

2.2 Technology for Tracking

Registrations

Augmented reality systems need to be able to

recognize and track real-world objects or images in

order to overlay virtual content on top of them. The

main tracking registration methods used are: tracker-

based tracking of user location, vision-based tracking

registration, hybrid tracking registration, etc. (HAN

et al., 2019). At present, the research on registration

technology based on computer vision is in a dominant

position, which can be roughly divided into two

categories: identification-based tracking registration

and marker-less tracking registration, as shown in

Figure 1.

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Figure 1: Computer vision-based tracking registration.

Identification-based tracking registration

technology places artificial identification points with

known spatial relative positions in real scenes that

need to be registered, and uses cameras to track and

identify identification points. Based on the known

three-dimensional spatial position of the

identification point, computer vision methods are

used to calculate the six-degree-of-freedom posture of

the camera relative to the real scene. With the

development of augmented reality technology and the

expansion of application fields, marker-less tracking

and positioning can realize positioning in large-scale

outdoor scenes. The main marker-less tracking and

positioning methods include tracking and positioning

based on key frame matching, model-based tracking

and positioning, and tracking and positioning based

on keyframe matching. Active reconstruction

tracking and positioning, hybrid tracking and

positioning, etc.

2.3 Human-Computer Interaction

Technology

Augmented reality technology needs to provide ways

to interact with virtual content. Common interaction

technologies include gesture recognition, voice

recognition, touch screens and controllers, etc. With

the continuous innovation and development of single-

channel human-computer interaction technology,

natural human-computer dialogue interaction

technology that integrates multiple modalities such as

voice, vision, behavior, and emotion (Tao et al., 2022)

has attracted increasing attention. These technologies

allow users to communicate and interact with virtual

objects in real time, enhancing visitor experience and

engagement.

2.4 Mobile Augmented Reality System

Tracking Registration Process

Making full use of the advantages of mobile devices

and augmented reality technology, combining

augmented reality technology with handheld mobile

terminals has become a hot spot for innovative

applications in the market.

The general process of tracking registration is

shown in Figure 2. First, system preprocessing is

performed to establish a virtual three-dimensional

model (KONG et al., 2016), capture key frame images

in advance, extract feature points, calculate

descriptors, and store them in the database. Then a

combined virtual and real image is generated

Based

identity

Computer

vision based

tracking

registration

Circular marking point

ARTag identification point

Marke

less

ARToolkit identification

oint

Interior decorative artificial si

Infrared identification s

ste

Reconstruction based on motion structure

Based on feature

oints

Ima

e based matchin

Based on models and keyframes

Based on scene level

Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Museum Navigation System

259

according to the matching algorithm, and finally the

image is output to achieve fusion display (SONG 2022

Figure 2: Flow chart of tracking registrations.

3 DEVELOPMENT OF

NAVIGATION SYSTEM

3.1 Overall System Framework

Based on the purpose of solving the space and time

constraints of physical museums and the inability to

fully understand and observe cultural relics, a variety

of interaction methods are designed in this system. In

addition to the AR interaction module, it also includes

a roaming module, a menu module, a navigation

module, cultural relics data module and other

functional modules. The overall functional design is

shown in Figure 3.

In the roaming module, users can use virtual

joysticks to control characters to walk freely in the

virtual simulation scene in the three-dimensional

simulation scene of the virtual exhibition hall, and

freely control the viewing angle. The roaming path is

completely dominated by the user. In the menu

module, users can use their fingers or mouse to slide

the screen to select the cultural relics they want to

browse. The preview images of cultural relics are

arranged in the center of the screen, and the menu can

be infinitely slid left and right through scripts. In the

navigation module, the roaming module is combined

to realize the function of corresponding item

navigation. The navigation function is designed in the

menu module, because the menu function allows

users to quickly and easily find the objects they want

to view. Click the "Navigation" button, and the menu

page closes. In the scene, a link between the user-

controlled character and the object being sought is

automatically generated. path. Since the system

created in this article has many data transmission

requirements in terms of interaction, the cultural

relics data module is designed to quickly and

conveniently provide various information about

cultural relics. The design of the cultural relics data

module mainly serves the above three module

functions. Other modules call cultural relics data. The

functions provided by the module can obtain specific

information including cultural relic ID, cultural relic

name, cultural relic description, cultural relic

description audio, cultural relic model, cultural relic

browsing map, cultural relic spatial coordinates, etc.

Combination of virtual and real

System

preproce

-ssing

Build a

model

Take

keyframe

images

Extract

feature

oints

Compute

descriptor

Save to

database

Combination

of virtual

and real

Capture

the current

frame

Extract

feature

oints

Compute

descriptor

Image Processing

Fusion

display

Overlay 3D

model based

on posture

information

Update

camera

ose

Remove

incorrect

matching

point pairs

Estimate

camera

ose

Match

current frame

and key

frame image

feature points

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Figure 3: Design Diagram of Overall Functionality.

The basic function of augmented reality

technology is to enhance the real scene, mainly

relying on multimedia interaction such as 3D models,

video, and audio (YI et al., 2018). The AR interactive

module of this system realizes the display and

interaction of 3D models of museum cultural relics by

scanning the recognition pictures on the brochure.

Through the automatic rotation of the model, visitors

can see the displayed cultural relics from multiple

angles. The finger slides control the magnification or

reduction of the model, and the recognition Pictures

control video and audio playback, virtual button

interaction and other functions to enhance the

interaction between tourists and cultural relics.

3.2 Brochure Physical Design

The brochure has a total of six pages and is produced

using Adobe Photoshop. It is unfolded to the size of

A4 paper (285*210mm), double-sided, and

accordion-folded with two indentations.

The home page is the exterior view of the

Yangshao Culture Museum. It has the charm of

Yangshao Culture pottery, but is not completely

restricted to the specific shape.The second page is the

first part of the exhibition "Archaeological Holy

Land". The third page is a national first-class cultural

relic - a crescent-pattern painted pottery pot. The

background and text introduction use colors similar

to the pot, which looks more coordinated and

beautiful. The fourth page has the theme of "Ji Ma

Chao Silk", which is intuitively expressed through

the four large characters at the top. The fifth page has

the theme of "cutting stones into tools", which is

represented by Chinese and English words and

patterns at the top. Page Six returns to the museum's

theme "Yang Shao and Her Era" and says goodbye to

users through a concluding sentence, using both

Chinese and English, to show the museum's tolerance

for users. The actual picture is shown in Figure 4.

Cultural Relics Data

Module

Roamin

module

Menu module

Navigation

module

Overall

design

Cultural relic data stora

Cultural relic data transmission

Character movement control

ect radio

hic detection

ect detailed view

uick view of cultural relics

Cultural relic t

e filte

Navi

ation

ath drawin

Tar

et location dis

AR interactive

module

Display 3D models,

model interactive control,

play video and audio,

virtual buttons

etc.

Scan

brochure

images

Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Museum Navigation System

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Figure 4: Brochure.

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3.3 Visual Interface Design

Yangshao Culture Museum is the first archaeological

cultural museum named after a site in Chinese history.

This interface uses the clay color system as the main

color of the interface design, with the Yangshao

Village ruins as the background, and the seven

characters "Yangshao Culture Museum" at the top.

The theme is selected, and the border of the bottom

button uses Chinese style elements. Users can enter

the scanning interface and operation guide interface

from the two buttons respectively. The right side is

the Chinese and English introduction of this

attraction, as shown in Figure 5.

The operation guide interface mainly introduces the

usage method. The text format draws on the writing

habits of the ancients and adopts vertical lines from

top to bottom and from right to left. The four big

words "Operation Guide" on the far right are concise

and clear. Users can immediately know the purpose

of this interface. The usage methods are expanded by

bars, which is very intuitive. There is a button in the

lower left corner. Click to jump to the scanning

interface and start the AR tour of the museum.

a. cover

. Operation instructions

Figure 5: Start interface.

3.4 Virtual Information Design

The content of virtual information plays a crucial role

in the user's experience during the tour. The

immersive virtual and real environment breaks the

boundaries between reality and enhanced virtual

content, creating diverse and interesting interaction

methods for users. The virtual information studied in

this article mainly includes 3D models, videos, and

audios.

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3.4.1 3D Model

Before formal modeling, it is necessary to fully

collect the materials of the museum exhibition hall,

including scene layout, display cabinet style, lighting,

etc. In addition, it is also necessary to collect data such

as reference models and introduction information of

cultural relics, and create texture maps for subsequent

modeling. be prepared. The 3D model is mainly

produced by 3ds Max to ensure that it is as consistent

as the cultural relics as much as possible, and uses 3D

effects to vividly display the details of the cultural

relics. As shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: 3D models.

3.4.2 Scene Construction

Based on the existing materials, build the system

scene. Drag the model of the Model folder into the

Scene window in Unity3D to automatically create

objects. You only need to adjust the position and size

of the items to complete the basic scene construction

quickly and conveniently. For the convenience of

subsequent development and management, set up

interactive items and static non-interactive objects

under different parent objects.

After the scene is built, the realism of the scene is

far less than that of the offline museum. The addition

of lighting is a necessary step to enhance the realism

of the virtual simulation. For this system, since the

publishing platform is mobile, considering

performance factors, the type of light selected is

baked light. Baking refers to the process of storing

lighting data in a lighting texture map before running

the game, without spending extra performance to

simulate lights while the game is running. Under

baked lighting, only static objects can be illuminated

by baked light, so all immovable objects in the scene

need to be set to static. Then the lighting information

can be baked into the lighting texture map by baking

the lights in the current scene. The comparison of

scenes before and after baking is shown in Figure 7.

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Figure 7: Scene before and after baking.

3.4.3 Promotional Video

The video and audio design is produced by Adobe

Premiere Pro and is a supplement to the content of the

brochure. Since the content that the brochure can

introduce is limited, the dynamic effects of video and

audio are used to display content that cannot be

expressed by the static text and pictures of the

brochure.

This article designs a total of three promotional

videos. Video 1 introduces the Yangshao ruins, which

corresponds to the content shown on the second page

of the brochure. The video size is 960*544 pixels and

the duration is 27 seconds. The video material was

shot during research at the Yangshao Cultural

Museum. , edited in Adobe Premiere Pro, with a voice

introduction; Video 2 is a supplement to the crescent-

shaped painted pots, corresponding to the content

shown on the third page of the brochure, the video

size is 1280*720 pixels, the duration is 39 seconds,

passed Typewriter effect, text appears one by one

following the voice; Video 3 introduces the Jima silk

reeling technology, corresponding to the content

shown on the fourth page of the brochure, the video

size is 720*576 pixels, the duration is 12 seconds, and

there are a variety of pictures, texts and voices. The

fusion of forms gives users an immersive feeling.

3.5 Interaction Design

3.5.1 Cultural Relics Data Module

Establish a data body of cultural relic data. The data

body contains cultural relic ID, cultural relic name,

cultural relic description, cultural relic description

audio, cultural relic model, cultural relic browsing

map and other information. Create a script to store the

cultural relic data body in a list, and set up public

functions to implement calls. And return the

information corresponding to the cultural relic id data

body.

Create a new script and declare a one-dimensional

array of Item class to store different cultural relics.

The order of the cultural relics in the array must be

the same as the cultural relic ID. The calling function

uses the method of applying for static public

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265

functions to implement external calls. The formal

parameter int id in the function is the id of the object

being called. All information about the corresponding

object in the data object array can be obtained through

the id.

3.5.2 Roaming Module

Since the system publishing platform is mobile, it

needs to be considered that most mobile users do not

use keyboard and mouse control, so a virtual joystick

control is designed to take into account both

operability and convenience. In this system,

movement and perspective control are also set to

virtual joysticks mode, the left joystick controls

movement and the right joystick controls the

perspective.

To achieve the function of obtaining objects

within the field of view in the scene, the ray detection

method is used. First, add a collider to the object that

needs to be interacted with. There are many types of

colliders, such as box collider, spherical collider,

capsule collider, etc. Then define the ray, and the

"View Details" button will pop up only when the tag

of the object acquired by the ray is Item, set a stroke

on the object detected by the ray, and set the text in

the button to the name of the cultural relic.

After clicking the "Click to view details" button in

the scene, set the depth of the secondary camera to be

higher than the main camera to achieve the purpose

of perspective conversion. During the conversion

process, processing is also required to realize the

function of item viewing, such as loading the object

model and description to be viewed, and switching

the UI interface. After entering the detailed viewing

perspective, you can use your finger or mouse to slide

the screen to rotate the cultural relics. You can also

use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out. By adjusting

the Field Of View property of the camera, you can

zoom in and out of objects. The effect of the roaming

module is shown in Figure 8.

3.5.3 Menu Module

In order to facilitate users to view cultural relics

quickly and efficiently, menu functions have been

created for users to use, including quick viewing and

item filtering. Considering that the beauty and

creativity of the menu can bring users a good

interactive experience, the menu is set to be infinitely

sliding left and right. To achieve infinite sliding left

and right, two points need to be created, one point

each at the head and tail. Dynamically adjust the

options in the menu by clicking a button in the menu

and calling functions in the menu management script.

As shown in Figure 9.

a. Joystick control

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b. Radiographic detection of objects

c. View object perspective in detail

Figure 8: Roaming module.

Figure 9: Menu

3.5.4 Navigation Module

The idea of implementing navigation is to bake the

navigation grid, obtain the path points between the

target point and the controller, and use LineRenderder

to draw lines based on the navigation path points, so

as to display the path between the character and the

target point.

In order to display the target object more

intuitively, not only the highlight display effect of the

target object is set, but also the navigation

instructions of the UI layer are added, and the

position and direction indication pictures of the UI

are dynamically modified according to the position of

the target object. Convert the world coordinates of the

target object into screen coordinates, determine the

screen coordinates of the target object relative to the

screen, and change the positions of the displayed

pictures and UI.

3.5.5 AR Interaction Module

This article uses the Vuforia plug-in as a tool to

implement AR technology. The identification object

is an important tool needed for users to experience

AR technology. The user uses the mobile phone

camera to scan the identification object and obtain the

enhanced scene. As shown in Figure 10.The main

functions are:

Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Museum Navigation System

267

1. Scan the brochure to display the video, with

vivid video explanations of specific collections

in the museum, so that visitors can have a clearer

understanding of the collections;

2. Scan the brochure to display the 3D model of the

cultural relics. Through the automatic rotation of

the model, visitors can see the displayed cultural

relics from multiple angles. They will not be

unable to see other angles of the cultural relics

due to glass obstruction in the real scene;

3. By comparing the sliding distance of two fingers

on the mobile phone screen with the initial

distance between the two fingers on the screen,

determine whether the three-dimensional model

is enlarged or reduced, and clearly display the

details of the cultural relics;

4. Double-click the screen and the model

disappears, enhancing the interaction between

tourists and cultural relics;

5. Scan the brochure to display the audio, click the

button, and the audio will play;

6. The interface jumps. The user clicks "AR Scan"

to jump to the scanning interface. You can scan

the brochure. Click "Operation Instructions" to

jump to the APP's operation guide interface,

where you can learn how to use it. Enter the

scanning interface;

7. When the camera leaves the brochure, the

virtual information disappears immediately.

a. Identify pictures

b. play video

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c.Model interaction

d.image display

Figure 10: Interactive interface.

After the development of each module is

completed, the corresponding APP icon and name are

set in Unity for export, and packaged into an Android

application (apk) file to implement the museum

navigation system.

4 CONCLUSION

AR technology enhances the real scene, adds

diversified virtual information, and outputs it on

mobile devices. This article mainly studies the design

and development of museum navigation systems. By

using AR technology to get close to cultural relics and

interact with them, users can not only obtain

knowledge introduction of the cultural relics, but also

enhance communication with the cultural relics,

attracting users to spontaneously visit the museum. If

they want to understand, Learn more about history.

Today, with the rapid development of

digitalization, the application of AR technology in

museum navigation systems is a historic leap in the

development of the cultural tourism industry. It

achieves a win-win situation for the cultural tourism

industry and tourists. In the future, with the

continuous advancement of technology and the

ongoing innovation in AR technology, museum guide

systems are poised for further development. Utilizing

artificial intelligence and big data analysis to optimize

the guide experience, the development of more

intelligent and personalized AR guide systems is

anticipated.

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269

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The research work in this paper is supported by school-

level teaching reform project (JG202324)；Jiangsu

Province’s sixth “333 Talents” training support project.

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