Ethnoscientific Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts

of Temperature and Heat

Ahmad Khoiri, Kurniawati Mutmainah, Marwiati, Achmad Affandi,

Nurma Khusna Khanifa, Dewi Candra Resmi and Indrawati Aris Tyiarini

Universitas Sains Alqur an, Central Java in Wonosobo, 56351, Indonesia

Keywords: Learning, Students, Society’s, Science.

Abstract: Students have not fully understood the reconstruction of society's original science as a source of science

learning. The research aims to analyze the reconstruction of original science into scientific science based on

the concepts of temperature and heat. Interdisciplinary basic research methods use a qualitative descriptive

approach, data collection techniques use observation, local wisdom, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java

Province, and documentation. Qualitative descriptive analysis techniques use local wisdom exploration

patterns. The research results show that science reconstruction can provide opportunities for students to think

through recognizing issues that are developing in society and turning them into scientific knowledge.

Ethnoscientific reconstruction in Wonosobo Regency includes: 1) In the dreadlock hair ruwatan tradition there

is a scientific concept regarding measuring body temperature; 2) Dieng plateau house roofs using zinc can

explain thermal conductivity; 3) The dew phenomenon identifies changes in the form of objects; 4) The

endemic Carica tree expresses the air pressure and temperature conditions of the highlands; 5) Pranotomongso

agricultural system in explaining the concept of factors that influence environmental temperature; 6) Sikidang

Crater shows heat transfer by convection. Science reconstruction training equips students' character to

respond to the environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

Human Resource Development is the focus of the

21st-century learning process. Advances in science

and technology and the presence of the Industrial

Revolution 4.0 era have made the flow of information

and globalization increasingly unstoppable. When the

younger generation, especially junior high school

students, are not capable enough to adapt and have

strong character, they will easily be carried away by

the negative currents of this era of disruption (Kahfi

& Binamadani, 2023; Rusnaini, Raharjo,

Suryaningsih, & Noventari, 2021) So, it is important

to strengthen the character from the grassroots

regarding values that reflect the manners and culture

of the Indonesian nation, namely as reflected in

Pancasila.

The importance of improving thinking skills and

character through opportunities for students to

discover concepts will be easier when the learning

resources presented are directly close to their lives,

namely through scientific reconstruction included in

the ethnoscience approach (Khoiri, 2021) in addition

to ethnoscience learning resources which must

consider the challenges of the century. 21. Respect for

regional culture and traditions is an important factor

in why an ethnoscience approach is used (Arlianovita,

Setiawan, & Sudibyo, 2015; Fitriani, 2016);

Vitasurya, 2016) Learning activities through

scientific reconstruction are assumed to be able to

empower students' skills in scientific thinking

activities that can realize national character.

Strengthening the results of research on scientific

reconstruction can develop students' appreciation in

the form of appreciation for the potential of their

region and having science process skills, improve

student learning achievement (Okwara & Upu, 2017)

and develop scientific knowledge (Sudarmin &

Sumarni, 2018); Widodo, 2012) through a strategy of

developing science issues in society will be more

effective in constructing science (Amelia, Jumini, &

Khoiri, 2021;) and can foster an attitude of concern

for the environment, maintaining community

traditions and culture. This issue is very appropriate

Khoiri, A., Mutmainah, K., Marwiati, , Affandi, A., Khanifa, N. K., Resmi, D. C. and Tyiarini, I. A.

Ethnoscientiﬁc Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts of Temperature and Heat.

DOI: 10.5220/0013452000004654

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 74-82

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

to apply to schools that have their local

characteristics.

Based on interdisciplinary problems, it is

important to study efforts to reconstruct science into

scientific knowledge by exploring societal issues to

equip students with thinking skills and character.

2 METHODS

This type of qualitative research with a descriptive

pattern is used to describe and explore the local

wisdom of Wonosobo Regency, Central Java

Province, Indonesia. The data collection method uses

local wisdom observations according to the theme of

physics material, namely the concept of temperature

and heat. Furthermore, the documentation method is

used to provide strengthening data sources and

evidence of scientific research activities. The data

analysis technique uses inductive-deductive to

provide a comprehensive general overview of issues

developing in society, scientific knowledge, and

learning resources.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Research (Rostikawati & Permanasari, 2016) on the

reconstruction of science using a socioscientific

issues approach in increasing scientific literacy has

proven to be effective through science learning.

Furthermore, research results from (Supriyadi,

Haeruddin, & Nurjannah, 2016) show that there is a

higher difference in the results of the ability to solve

physics problems between ethnoscience-based causal

reasoning models compared to modern science

because the culture inherent in society provides more

real physics learning resource references in

understanding the problems being studied. Through

science. Similarities examine ethnoscience

approaches, while differences relate to problem-

solving skills. The results of research (Fitria &

Wisudawati, 2018) The Development of

Ethnoscience-Based Chemical Enrichment Book as a

Science Literacy Source of Students aims to

determine the characteristics of teaching materials

using an ethnoscience approach that was developed to

increase students' scientific literacy by introducing

Jogjakarta culture or customs such as Batik varieties.

Jogja, Shadow Puppetry, and Mount Merapi are used

as learning resources to transform original science

into scientific studies by utilizing regional culture to

improve cognitive, affective, and psychomotor

abilities (Fitria & Wisudawati, 2018).

3.1 Ethnoscience Approach and

Reconstruction of Science

Ethnoscience or Ethnoscience comes from two

words, namely "ethnos" meaning nation and the word

"Sciententia" meaning knowledge (Kertiasih, 2018).

The ethnoscience approach is a strategy for creating a

learning environment and designing learning

experiences that integrate culture as part of the

learning process.

The role of ethnoscience in reconstructing as

contextual learning provides students with an

understanding of science and can be implemented in

real life. Integration of students with the environment

can be realized when learning is oriented towards the

surrounding environment which is studied

meaningfully. So that students can make reciprocal

relationships with the surrounding environment (Lia,

2016) students are able to recognize and understand

the local potential of their region, so regional

environmental sustainability becomes an important

factor in learning with ethnoscience. HOTs are very

difficult to identify in a short time because they are

not immediate, but they can be identified through a

series of activities that define the HOTs themselves.

The activity in question is a habitual activity of

thinking, saying, and acting with all behavior that can

change for the better through learning activities on the

Student Activity Sheet. All learning activities are

carried out to train students' habits of exploring

higher-level thinking skills.

Characteristics of the ethnoscience approach in

constructing as a form of strategy and design of

learning experiences by creating an integrated

environment of culture and tradition in the learning

process (Parmin & Fibriana, 2019; Parmin,

Nuangchalerm, & El Islami, 2019). The results of

human creativity and initiative developed as original

knowledge (independent science) and can be

transformed into formal science. The term

ethnoscience can be studied in traditional ecological,

original science (Indigenous Science), local culture,

and local wisdom (Agussuryani, Sumarni, Subali, &

Saptono, 2020).

Learning from the culture and traditions

surrounding students' lives is much more meaningful

and easier for students to analyze than studying

abstractly. Ethnoscience is presented in community

activities which are important to study to maintain

culture in the era of modernization. Students become

more aware of the culture and traditions of the

community, and students feel part of community life,

so students will care more about their own culture.

This is confirmed by research (Parmin & Fibriana,

Ethnoscientiﬁc Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts of Temperature and Heat

2019) showing that ethnoscience maintains students'

awareness of their culture and potential and fosters

learning independence.

The highest category of reconstruction efforts is

in the Potential Scientist Student (PS) category where

students can easily learn science because it is directly

related to students' lives. In the lowest category,

Inside Outsider (IOS), students feel discrimination or

alienation from the culture studied in scientific

science. The categorization is considered difficult to

develop because students cannot get out of their zone.

Meaningfulness and cultural isolation are

determining factors in exploring environmental

learning resources using an ethnoscience approach.

Knowledge will be transformed by describing based

on experience, verification, and data reduction to

complete concepts into scientific knowledge. The

boundaries of students' thinking as a reconstruction

effort are categorized into five groups.

3.2 Relevance Reconstruction of

Original Science to Physics

Concepts

Based on scientific reconstruction research on

local wisdom in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java

Province, Indonesia which can be studied through the

concepts of temperature and heat.

3.2.1 Dreadlock Ruwat Tradition

Social issues that are developing in the Dieng Plateau,

Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, which

not only contain beauty but also the mystery of the

dreadlocked boy who appears every now and then, the

Dreadlocked Boy is said to be the incarnation of Kyai

Kolodete and Nini Roro Ronce. Dreadlocks appear as

a sign that the child is suffering from a fever so the

child's dreadlocks can be cut, a Ruwatan must be

done, and the hair-cutting ritual must be followed.

Cutting children's dreadlocks is done using water

taken from Sendang Sedayu located in the corner of

the Dharmasala complex. After Dharmasala, the

children carried by their parents entered Arjuna

Temple. The temple complex has prepared a place for

the dreadlock hair-cutting procession. The procession

was led by the Dieng traditional elder, Mbah

Sumanto, before having their hair cut, the children

had asked for something that had to be realized at the

time of shaving their hair, and the public was

informed about each child's request.

The procession begins with the singing of the

Dandanggula macapat song, the child's dreadlocks

are cut. Initially, the person who started shaving hair

was a traditional elder, namely Mbah Sumanto. The

hair that has been cut is put into a barrel. The hair that

has been cut is then thrown into the river that flows to

the Indian Ocean. Usually, the place used for banning

is Telaga Warna. The dreadlocks "Larung"

procession is the final part of dreadlocks-cutting ritual

which is presented in Figure 1.

Based on Figure 1 Dreadlocks grow in children

aged one to five years. When dreadlocks first appear,

there are signs that the child's body temperature is

high, some are even accompanied by convulsions. It

is said that children can recover from heat after

dreadlock growth is complete. An explanation of

ethnoscience and its integration with physics

concepts is presented in Table 1.

3.2.2 Dieng Plateau Traditional House

Social issues regarding traditional Dieng Plateau

houses located in Kejajar and Patak Banteng Villages,

Dieng, Wonosobo are presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows that traditional houses in the

Dieng High Mountains appear lower than houses in

general, with a height of no more than 2.5 meters,

which has a purposeless meaning. Houses with low

roofs and roofing materials using zinc, although a

small number of houses use tile roofs. The aim of

low-roof houses in scientific studies is to retain heat

for longer, considering the extreme cold

environmental conditions, so that with low-roof

houses it will last longer to store heat in the rooms of

the house. Zinc roofing material shows that the

thermal conductivity of the material is very different

for each substance, zinc can absorb heat more quickly

Figure 1: Dreadlock Ruwat Tradition (Source: Dieng Culture Festival).

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

Table 1: Identification of the original science of the dreadlocks ruwatan tradition and its relationship to physics concepts.

Issues The ori

inal science of societ

sics Content

dreadlocks

ruwatan tradition

The dreadlocked boy is said to be the incarnation of Kyai Kolodete

and Nini Roro Ronce

Temperature

measuring instrument,

thermometer

Starting with a fever or high fever

For a boy's dreadlocks to be cut, he must perform Ruwatan and

follow the hai

-cutting ritual

The concept of

temperature of objects

in liquids

Cutting children's dreadlocks is done using water taken from

Sendan

Seda

u. It is in the corner of the Dharmasala com

lex

The procession was led by Dieng traditional elders. Before having

their hair cut, the children had asked for something that had to be

realized when shaving their hai

Heat transfer by

convection

The procession begins with the singing of the Dandanggula macapat

son

, the child's dreadlocks are cut

The hair that has been cut is put into a barrel. The hair that has been

cut will then be thrown into the river that flows into the Indian Ocean.

Usually, the place used for banning is Telaga Warna

Figure 2: Dieng traditional house (personal documentation)

Table 2: Identification of the original science of traditional Dieng Plateau traditional houses and their relationship to physics

concepts.

Issues The original science of society Physics Content

Dieng Plateau

Traditional House

Most houses on the Dieng plateau use tin roofs Heat transfer

The height of the house is no more than 2.5 meters,

which means it is lower than a normal house

The volume of a room that

is affected by heat

The walls of the house use wood instead of walls The conductivity of an

ect's material

than roof tiles or other materials. The process of heat

absorption occurs when heat is transferred from

outside to inside the room by radiation. The

relationship between ethnoscience and physics

concepts in traditional Dieng Plateau traditional

houses is presented in Table 2.

3.2.3 Upas Dew Phenomenon

Another social issue that is developing in the

Wonosobo community, specifically in the Tambi

Plantation area, Kejajar, Wonosobo is presented in

Figure 3.

Ethnoscientiﬁc Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts of Temperature and Heat

Figure 3: Upas Dew Phenomenon (personal documentation).

Table 3: Identify the original science of the Dew Upas phenomenon and its relationship to physics concepts.

Issues The original science of society Physics Content

Upas Dew

Phenomenon

Dew is a condensation event that changes the form

of an object

Changes in the form of

objects due to heat

The extreme conditions of Dew Upas are part of a

weather anomaly

Freezing point of a liquid

The Upas Dew event is a change in state from gas to

solid and liquid

Conversion of object

temperature

Figure 3 shows the meteorological conditions and

the ongoing dry season. The phenomenon of cold

temperatures at night and Dew Upas on the Dieng

Plateau, Wonosobo is caused by meteorological

conditions and the changing of the dry season which

cannot be predicted with certainty. The peak dry

conditions that occur will cause several areas of the

Dieng Plateau to have the opportunity to experience

air conditions that are less than the freezing point

C) because air molecules in mountainous areas are

more tenuous than in lowland areas.

Some places located in the mountains at a certain

altitude (1500-3000 meters above sea level) will have

the opportunity to experience surface air conditions

that are less than the freezing point of 0°C. Upas dew

which begins with the condensation process changes

form to become a solid and then melts if the weather

conditions in the area increase in temperature, this is

because the air molecules in mountainous areas are

more tenuous than in the lowlands so they cool very

quickly, especially when the weather is sunny. Not

covered by clouds or rain.

Water vapor in the air at night will experience

condensation which will condense, sticking to the

ground, leaves, or grass. "Water vapor in the air will

condensate at night and then condense to fall on the

ground, leaves or grass." The dew that sticks to the

shoots will immediately freeze because the air

temperature is very cold. These conditions are

relatively fluctuating as presented in Table 3.

The effects of Upas Dew are especially troubling

for farmers in Dieng, such as potato farmers, who are

worried that they will experience crop failure because

it damages the leaves and stems of plants. Based on

social issues, Dew Upas can be integrated into

discovery-oriented learning, giving rise to many

alternative answers and ways of solving problems,

environmental problems are very complex, allowing

students to find creative solutions. Local potential

which is part of the ethnoscience approach to learning

is used as a concrete learning resource to analyze the

environment, making students more active and

appreciative of the potential of their region. Local

wisdom is part of ethnoscience which is the result of

cultural

heritage from ancestors and can increase

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

Figure 4: Endemic Carica Tree (personal documentation).

students' understanding of concepts assisted by an

ethnoscience approach which has been proven to be

able to develop indigenous knowledge in a

community that is studied through formal science as

a learning study.

3.2.4 Endemic Carica Tree

The endemic Carica tree (Carica pubescens) is a

social issue in the Dieng Plateau, usually along the

road to Dieng there are Carica trees. Dieng is a

highland area located on the island of Java with a land

height of up to 2400 meters above sea level. The fruit

that can only grow in low-temperature areas is carica

fruit (Carica pubescens). Carica plants are endemic

plants because they can only grow at a height above

sea level. Study of the Carica plant which only lives

on the Dieng plateau, a unique event that can be

studied is presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4 shows the learning resources studied to

explore students' creative thinking skills through an

analysis of the surrounding environment in the Dieng

plateau with several questions arising about "Why

only in the Dieng plateau can Carica trees bear fruit".

Students are required to study the height of the plains

using the concept of Braak Theory. Air temperature

in various regions is not the same, because it is

influenced by several factors which are explained

through Braak's Theory. The height of a place on the

earth's surface influences the high and low

temperatures and pressure of an area, the higher an

area, the lower the air temperature will be. Every time

the ground height rises by 100m, there will be a

decrease of 0.61°C. The rate of decrease in air

temperature with height follows two concepts,

namely dry adiabatic and wet adiabatic. The dry

adiabatic concept means that air is considered dry

without water vapor, where for every 100 m increase

in height the air temperature will decrease by 1°C. For

every 100 m in height the air temperature will rise by

1°C, mathematically it can be formulated as follows:

: 26,3°C (1)

Information:

: air temperature at altitude (°C)

26.3°C : air temperature at sea level

H : Height of the place (m)

Social issues in the Dieng Plateau with an altitude

of 2400 meters above sea level. Carica trees (Carica

pubescens) can grow and bear Carica fruit, but if the

Carica tree is planted in a different place it will

generally only bear papaya fruit. Facts show that the

Carica tree cannot grow just anywhere, so it can be

called an endemic plant with a height criterion of ±

1500-3000 meters above sea level.

The Carica tree which only lives on the Dieng

plateau, is a unique event that can be studied through

Braak's theory. The results of the research determined

three sample villages in the Dieng Plateau area based

on regional altitude. Garung Village with an altitude

of 1019 meters above sea level (Zone 1) produces a

temperature of 22.3°C, Kejajar Village's altitude of

1379 meters above sea level (Zone 2) produces a

temperature of 20.1°C and Dieng Village's altitude

(Zone 3) is 2306 meters above sea level 14.0°C

(Khoiri & Sunarno, 2019). The results of different

temperature conditions show that the higher the area,

the lower the surrounding temperature, so the Carica

tree only lives in the Dieng area, Wonosobo. Based

on the social environmental issue of the Carica Tree,

the temperature is a measure of how hot or cold a

system.

Ethnoscience as a form of strategy for creating

and

designing a learning environment that integrates

Ethnoscientiﬁc Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts of Temperature and Heat

Table 4: Identification of the original science of the endemic Carica tree (Carica pubescens) and its relationship to physics

concepts.

Issues The original science of society Physics Content

Endemic Carica

Tree

Carica is an endemic tree because it can only grow

at a height above sea level.

Air pressure and

temperature

Carica will turn into ordinary papaya if the specific

tem

erature is not met.

Carica is used by native people as candied carica, a

ical Wonosobo food.

Figure 5: Pranotomongso System Agriculture (personal documentation).

community culture through the endemic Carica tree

which only lives in the Dieng Plateau is studied using

the concept of Braak's theory. Even though it has been

proven to be good to apply, ethnoscience-based

learning is still very rarely done in Indonesia.

Knowledge about how much ethnoscience learning

influences creative thinking abilities, and the

processes of implementing ethnoscience in learning

through identifying native science of the endemic

Carica tree are presented in Table 4.

3.2.5 Pranotomongso System Agriculture

Climate deviation is a natural problem that humans

cannot avoid due to their actions. The climate changes

that are felt on Earth have an impact on nature and

human activities. The striking temperature deviation

called global warming has a strong influence on the

climate in Indonesia. Reduced rainfall and long dry

seasons are direct impacts that can trigger problems

in the agricultural sector. The occurrence of global

warming has an impact on the prolonged dry season,

making it difficult for farmers to predict rain using the

Pranotomongso calendar.

The natural situation is increasingly unbalanced,

the climate can no longer be predicted using natural

signs. Humans prefer a modern lifestyle which is

unfriendly to nature, causing further damage to the

environment. Modernity, besides being able to cause

seasonal changes, causes the disappearance of a

cultural richness that has long supported and guided

Javanese farmers in farming, as presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5 is a portrait of agriculture in the Dieng

Plateau. The disappearance of Pranotomongso was

lost to time because Dieng farmers used modern

systems to cultivate their plantations. Farmers do not

realize that the use of chemical fertilizers and modern

agricultural equipment is not environmentally

friendly, which has an impact on soil fertility and

damages the ecosystem. Agricultural activities using

fuel-based tools produce various waste products, one

of which is gas. Farmers think the gas just disappears,

and the atmosphere can absorb it indefinitely and not

have a bad impact on life. Exhaust gases can cause

fundamental changes in the atmosphere and living

conditions on earth, as presented in Table 5.

3.2.6 Sikidang Crateris

Another social issue at the Dieng tourist location,

precisely in Dieng Kulon Village, Wonosobo, is the

Sikidang Crateris which is presented in Figure 6.

Figure 6 is an ethnoscience study of the Sikidang

Crater, where natural boiling water contains high

levels of sulfur, and the formation of the crater moves

from place to place. A strategic source of information

through environmental issues developing in society.

Students learn more meaningfully because it is

contextual and can equip students' character through

cultural

preservation [26]. The importance of

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

Table 5: Identification of the original science of the Pranotomongso system of agriculture and its relationship to physics

concepts.

Issues The original science of society Physics Content

Pranotomongso System

Agriculture

The farmers' vegetable planting system still

uses the

ranotomon

so s

ste

Air pressure and

tem

erature

There are restrictions on planting vegetables

in certain seasons

Temperature factor in

plant growth

Plants or vegetables that do not use the

ranotomongso system are carrots

Different uses of plastic mulch and UV have

een

assed down from

eneration to

eneration

Radiation heat transfer

Figure 6: Sikidang Crateris (personal documentation).

Table 6: Identification of the original science of Sikidang Crateris and its relationship to physics concepts.

Issues The original science of society Physics Content

Sikidang Crateris A crater is an event of earth activity that releases hot

water naturally

The concept of boiling

point and freezing point of

uids

It is called Sikidang because the hot water moves

from place to place like the feet of the Kidang

Heat transfer by convection

Sikidang Crater is on the Dieng Plateau

strategies in the inquiry learning model through

environmental sources that still uphold the cultural

character of the community is the ethnoscience

learning approach.

Sikidang Crater in studying the boiling point of

liquid water which can be differentiated from

ordinary water. Contradictory social issues can foster

students' creative ideas. Ethnoscience learning has

been proven to increase students' creativity through

environmental learning resources. Based on the

identification of ethnoscience studies related to

physics topics, is presented in Table 6.

Based on the description of environmental

ethnoscience activities, students can learn physics

concepts more realistically in the culture of society by

reconstructing original science into scientific science

through students' creative ideas to find solutions to

environmental problems, as well as introducing the

culture and traditions of society which must be

maintained and preserved from generation to

generation continuously.

4 CONCLUSION

Science reconstruction can provide opportunities for

students to think through recognizing issues that are

developing in society and turning them into scientific

knowledge. Science reconstruction training equips

students' character to respond to the environment.

Ethnoscientific reconstruction in Wonosobo Regency

includes: 1) In the dreadlock hair ruwatan tradition

there is a scientific concept regarding measuring body

temperature; 2) Dieng plateau house roofs using zinc

can explain thermal conductivity; 3) The dew

phenomenon identifies changes in the form of

objects; 4) The endemic Carica tree expresses the air

Ethnoscientiﬁc Reconstruction of Wonosobo District on the Concepts of Temperature and Heat

pressure and temperature conditions of the highlands;

5) Pranotomongso agricultural system in explaining

the concept of factors that influence environmental

temperature; 6) Sikidang Crater shows heat transfer

by convection. The potential for local wisdom to be

studied continuously creates a habitual pattern for

students to respond to the surrounding environment

while at the same time practicing awareness and

respect for the traditions and culture of the

community.

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