
buildings was to keep the rooms cool in summer and
keep warm in winter (Snesarev, 1969).
In the Khorezm oasis, where winters are cold
and summers are sultry, the construction of houses
from pakhsa is one of the most effective solutions for
housing. In addition, buildings constructed from
environmentally friendly materials such as natural
clay created favorable climatic conditions for life.
Such houses did not have a negative impact on health,
contributing to the longevity of residents.
The city of Khiva was built on a slope, which
allowed it to be supplied with water from the canal.
The slope provided water supply and wastewater
discharge to all parts of the city. This allowed the
Khorezmians to create their own sewage system
already in the XVII century (Tajiyeva, 2021).
In the city of Khiva, the population lived
mainly inside the fortress, and there were problems
with providing them with clean drinking water. Due
to the fact that the moats around the fort are filled with
water, they have become a breeding ground for many
insects. In addition, a large number of rice fields in all
districts of Khorezm has caused an increase in
accumulated and polluted reservoirs. But in Khorezm
there were favorable conditions for fighting malaria:
firstly, the absence of reservoirs inside the city
fortresses; secondly, the cessation of water supply in
the ditches around the castle in winter; thirdly, the
absence of swamps due to the population density
around the castle; Fourth, such as the death of
malaria-carrying mosquitoes in winter (Tolstov,
1948).
4 SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICES
In Khorezm, social and cultural practices were
closely intertwined with environmental aspects. The
inhabitants of the oasis revered water as a sacred
resource, which was reflected in their respect for
water systems and irrigation facilities. There was also
a community-based water management system where
access to it was regulated to avoid conflict and
inefficient use.
The most important component of the
phenomenon of long life is the nutrition system, along
with other causes, may be the result of some special
ecological relations between man and nature. In the
Khorezm oasis, such types of apples grown in the
Hazaraspian mist as having white, green, red, pink,
yellow coloring, as well as varieties “Azorasp” (apple
Karvak), “Besh Yulduz”, “Kizil Olma” were often
used in the early XX century, then from the middle of
the XX century varieties became widespread reinet,
semirenko, bellefleur, kitayka, krasny zheleznyak,
rosemary (Tolstov, 1948). The apple is considered a
fruit with magical properties, there is information
about it in legends, legends and folk dastans (Urolov
et al., 1994).
Pomegranate as an attribute of Anahita is
mentioned in the Avesta, in the holy Quran it is listed
among valuable fruits (Mirziyoyev, 2023), in folk
songs pomegranate is always mentioned together
with an apple (Yunusova & Usarov, 2018). It is
determined that this fruit is well preserved, used as
dried fruit, juice. Sweet pomegranate cleanses the
body, and sour pomegranate helps with stomach
diseases, at high temperatures. In addition,
pomegranate peel (decoction) helps with diarrhea and
pain of the gastrointestinal tract (Zadykhina, 1952).
Since Khorezm is located in a sharply
continental belt, winters are very cold here, and
summers are very hot. Therefore, special attention has
long been paid to the storage and processing of
agricultural products. It should be noted that ancient
methods were used for the storage and processing of
products: salting, pickling, pickling, preservation,
storage underground or in suspension, drying. In the
oasis, a special cool room was allocated for storing
food – a talak. For example, in Khiva, wormwood
(shuvok) was previously used for drying fruits.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The territory of Uzbekistan, one of the oldest regions
of Central Asia, is famous for its rich cultural and
scientific heritage. The Khorezm oasis, located in the
Southern Aral Sea region, is unique due to its
ecology, archaeological sites and complex irrigation
systems. The population of the oasis has developed
effective ways to manage the water resources of the
Amu Darya River, which made it possible to maintain
agricultural production in a semi-arid climate.
Despite centuries of research, the environmental
aspects of the life of the local population require
further study. The unique traditions of agriculture and
the use of natural resources, as well as the
construction of housing from local materials, ensured
the sustainable development of Khorezm. For
successful farming and maintaining life in the oasis,
the residents of Khorezm have developed a complex
network of irrigation canals, dams and dams, which
made it possible to efficiently distribute water for
irrigation of fields. Irrigation was an integral part of
economic activity in a desert and semi-desert zone.
Agricultural rituals and festivals, such as
sowing and reaping, often included rituals of
thanksgiving to natural forces for water and fertility.
Traditions of careful use of resources were also
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