The Role of Simulation in Creating Project: A Literature Review

Widia

1 a

, Ida Kaniawati

2 b

and Lilik Hasanah

2 c

Student of the Department of Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia

Department of Science Education, STKIP Harapan Bima, Indonesia

Keywords: Simulation, Creating, Projects, Literature Review.

Abstract: The implementation of simulation in projects facilitates the examination, strategizing, and experimentation of

solutions while circumventing the need for costly and specialized technical expertise. The purpose of this

study is to examine the results of thinking and research on the use of simulation and its benefits in creating

projects that have been published by Scopus over the past 10 years. This research is a literature review, with

procedures consisting of four steps: namely, research design, filter methodology, online database search,

inclusion & exclusion criteria, and data analysis. The findings from 15 scholarly articles indicate that

simulation is employed in the domain of science education at a prevalence of 74%. Within the realm of

education in engineering, the utilization rate of the aforementioned concept stands at 27%. In contrast, the

utilization rate of said concept in education pertaining to health and management is 13% each. The

incorporation of simulation into project-based learning has been found to be a highly efficacious approach for

enhancing educational outcomes and fostering skill acquisition. Additional investigation is required to delve

deeper into the results of the literature review. The limitations and shortcomings identified in the literature

review are acknowledged by the researchers.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the realm of education, institutions of higher

learning hold a pivotal position in facilitating

progress and ought to actively participate in the

attainment of educational objectives. The dynamic

nature of technology necessitates that education must

adjust to meet the evolving demands of learners

(Abulrub et al., 2011). Furthermore, it is imperative

to maintain regular updates of technology and

educational support devices (He et al., 2019). The

methodology utilized during instruction, along with

the instructor's intentions, constitutes a multifaceted

amalgamation that characterizes the approach to

teaching and learning (Cao et al., 2019). Providing

learners with exposure to authentic real-world

problems and involving them in a thorough

investigative process can facilitate the cultivation of

proficient communication skills and interdisciplinary

learning through the application of prior knowledge

(Toledano-O’Farrill, 2019; Pan et al., 2019). To

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9053-2015

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2787-7892

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-2556

clarify, the aforementioned approach furnishes

learners with prospects for practical learning and the

acquisition of proficiencies such as collaborative

work, analytical thinking, and numerical

computation, which are deemed indispensable for

optimal organizational performance (Sindre et al.,

2018). As per the constructivism theory, learners have

a tendency to establish links between newly acquired

information and their pre-existing knowledge (Zadok,

2020).

Simulations are highly beneficial for learners as

they offer tasks or projects that present challenges or

problems that require resolution (Lee & Tsai, 2017).

The process of incorporating simulation

environments, scenarios, or models into project-

based learning experiences is aimed at augmenting

the learning process. Simulations are employed as

instruments for the purpose of examining,

strategizing, and evaluating remedies (De Oña &

Lova, 2019). The approach being referred to in this

statement fosters the acquisition of a range of

competencies by students, including but not limited

700

Widia, , Kaniawati, I. and Hasanah, L.

The Role of Simulation in Creating Project: A Literature Review.

DOI: 10.5220/0013422600004654

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 700-707

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

to problem-solving, collaboration, communication,

critical thinking, and creativity. The incorporation of

simulations in projects enables the exploration of

various possibilities without incurring substantial

expenses or necessitating intricate technical

proficiency (Eskrootchi & Oskrochi, 2010).

Several scholarly articles elucidate the utilization

of simulations as a means to facilitate the

achievement of project success, as per the

aforementioned depiction. Hence, it is imperative to

conduct a more comprehensive analysis of the

publication patterns concerning simulations carried

out by researchers across diverse projects. The

objective of the author is to conduct an analysis of the

ideas and research findings pertaining to simulations

over the last decade, spanning multiple nations and

academic disciplines, as documented in global

scholarly publications. Considering the

aforementioned, the writer presents a number of

inquiries:

• Which disciplines have extensively explored the

topic of simulations?

• Which types of simulation are frequently

employed in project development?

• What are the benefits of simulations in the

project creation of process?

2 METHODS

2.1 Research Design

The objective of this investigation is to conduct a

comprehensive analysis of diverse literature sources

pertaining to the function of simulations in the

context of project advancement. The process of

scrutinizing extant literature through the application

of specific criteria is deemed a pivotal undertaking.

The filter methodology has been employed in the

design as it is considered the most effective approach

for discerning research inquiries.

2.2 Data Search

A systematic search was performed to retrieve

scholarly literature on simulations from various

databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Publish

or Perish, ERIC, Wiley Online Library, and Google

Scholar. The present study examined articles that

were published in the past decade, specifically

between 2013 and 2022, by utilizing the keywords

"simulation" and "project." The search for data was

executed in the month of May in the year 2023.

2.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

The research employs specific inclusion criteria,

namely: (a) the articles utilized were published in

2014 or later, (b) the articles utilized are indexed in

international journals, and (c) the articles utilized

pertain to the topic of simulation-based teaching and

learning. The criteria for exclusion are outlined as

follows: The guidelines for article selection in this

study are as follows: (a) articles written in languages

other than English are prohibited; (b) articles utilized

must be composed in globally recognized languages;

and (c) articles utilized must remain within the scope

of the field of education.

2.4 Data Analysis

The present study undertook a three-phase analysis of

articles. The initial phase entailed scrutinizing 50

articles based on their titles and abstracts, which

yielded a final selection of 30 articles. During the

subsequent phase, the analysis was centered on the

research objectives, methodologies, and findings,

culminating in the production of 15 articles (as

depicted in Figure 1).

Figure 1: The process of analysis and selection of literature review articles.

The Role of Simulation in Creating Project: A Literature Review

701

After analyzing and identifying relevant articles

based on predetermined criteria, the descriptive

analysis was conducted with a focus on various

aspects including authors, publication year,

objectives, methods, and research findings. The

objective of this descriptive analysis is to furnish a

comprehensive outline of the prevalence of integrated

simulation in project-based learning. The process

entails engaging in reading activities with the aim of

acquiring a broad comprehension of the subject

matter. The authors conducted an analysis of research

findings in specific sections of the selected articles.

3 RESULTS

In this study, the literature review comprised a

selection of 15 articles that were deemed relevant to

the research questions posed at the outset. Table 1

provides a comprehensive overview and comparative

analysis of the chosen articles, encompassing the

distribution of said articles with respect to authors,

year of publication, research objectives,

methodologies employed, and resultant findings.

Table 1: Descriptive data of the analyzed studies (N = 15).

Author (year)

Objective

Method

Effect

Bajow et al,

(2022)

Analyze the success of a

simulation-

based strategy

for chemical exposure

prevention.

Mixmethods

n = 41

The utilization of advanced simulations has

the potential to augment the cognitive and

practical proficiencies of individuals in

effectively addressing incidents of mass

chemical exposure (Bajow et al., 2022).

Chang et

al.,

(2017).

Examine the process of

resolving physics problems

through the utilization of

simulations, both

individually and

collaboratively.

Qualitative

Squencial

n = 30

Simulations that are based on collaboration

have the potential to transform discussions into

problem-

solving endeavors. In contrast,

simulations based on individual units exhibit a

lower magnitude

(Chang et al., 2017).

Jin &

Durlofsky

(2020)

Employing

computational fluid

dynamics (CFD) simulation

to mitigate data loss and

minimize errors.

Ekperiment

n = 200

In general, the E2C ROM demonstrated a

high degree of dependability in its

prognostications, surpassing the current POD

methodology in terms of disturbance

management (Jin et al., 2020).

Yang et al.

(2019)

This study involves a

comparative analysis of

flood simulations derived

from five distinct global

hydrological models (GHM)

in conjunction with the Inter-

Sectoral Impact Model

Intercomparison Project 2a

(ISIMIP2a).

Eksperiment

The global hydrological models (GHM)

method yields favorable outcomes in regards to

peak amplitude. The statement posits that the

integration of traditional flood simulation

methods with machine learning techniques could

potentially enhance the reliability of flood risk

evaluation (Yang et al., 2019).

Correia, et

al.

(2019)

Examine the utilization

of simulation-based learning

systems, specifically the

PhET platform, in

conjunction with the

cognitive processing of

chemical concepts.

case study

n = 114

The simulation laboratory facilitates the

visualization of gas behavior for students, while

the system's design promotes comprehension of

gas behavior at the submicroscopic level

(Correia et al., 2019).

Dong et al.

(2021)

This study aims to

examine the level of

uncertainty associated with

the cost of generating wind

energy by utilizing

contemporary wind turbine

simulations.

Meta

analysis

The utilization of simulation techniques has

the potential to decrease the expenses associated

with the production of wind power. The

sensitivity analysis indicated that the combined

impact of the scale parameter, shape parameter,

and air density on the total effect coefficient was

positive (Dong et al., 2021).

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702

Chung et al.

(2013)

Conduct an examination

of sites that pose a risk to

human health or the

environment through the

utilization of specialized

simulation software,

specifically the Interactive

Site Investigation Software

(ISIS).

Qualitative

n = 23

The Interactive Site Investigation Software

(ISIS) is a computer program designed for

interactive site investigation purposes. The

aforementioned approach has a significant

positive impact on students and is efficacious in

enhancing their ability to manage intricate

projects, bridging the gap between theoretical

concepts and practical scenarios, and

augmenting their proficiency in resolving

complex problems (Chung et al., 2013).

Zwikael &

Chih

(2015)

The present study aims

to evaluate the efficacy of

simulation-

based training

(SBT) in the context of

project management

education.

Eksperimen

n = 25

The utilization of Simulation-Based

Training (SBT) has been shown to enhance the

participants' declarative knowledge within the

simulation and bolster their overall learning

process. There exist multiple scenarios in which

SBT proves to be a more efficacious approach

for educating students in project management

(Zwikael et al., 2015).

Crespo &

Quiroz

(2015)

This study aims to

evaluate the effects and

potential advantages of

implementing virtual reality

technology in the operation

of the Mitsubishi

Movemaster RV-M1 robot.

Eksperiment

n = 10

The use of simulation technology enables

the user to program individual joints of the robot

and showcase various features of the robot in a

virtual setting. These features may include

animations, images, and textual information,

which are a direct outcome

of the developed

features. The present software has the capability

to perform a comparison between input

sequences provided by the user and sequences

generated by the computer, utilizing specific

algorithms (Crespo et al., 2015).

Akkoyun

(2017)

We are pleased to

present a recently developed

simulation software that has

the capability to simulate

natural stone mills,

specifically designed for

engineering students.

Qualitative

The favorable response received from

students regarding the novel simulation software

serves as a motivating factor for researchers to

undertake additional projects. It also attests to

the efficacy of the software in accomplishing its

pedagogical objectives (Akkoyun, 2017).

Chakrabort

y & Elzark

(2019)

Perform simulations of

diverse machine concepts to

facilitate the development of

energy models that are more

precise and effective.

Comparativ

e Analysis

The XGBoost algorithm has demonstrated a

high degree of precision in generating energy

models. Furthermore, the inclusion of

intermediate steps is deemed crucial in the

development of both XGBoost and artificial

neural network (ANN) models (Chakraborty &

Elzarka, 2019).

Chaplin, et

al.

(2020)

Simulation plays a

crucial role in the healthcare

system, as it has the potential

enhance the quality of

medical education by

providing various

applications.

Qualitative

Survey

Research that utilizes emergency

simulations can effectively identify factors that

promote or hinder progress and establish

agreement on key research topics. The initial

phase involves formulating a research plan

centered on simulation-

based approaches

tailored to the context of emergency medicine in

Canada (Chaplin et al., 2020).

Allaire

(2015)

Assess the impact of

virtual patient simulation on

the development of critical

thinking skills among

students.

Mixed

Methods

n= 31

The findings did not demonstrate a

statistically significant rise in the average score.

However, the students expressed that the

utilization of virtual patients was a productive

pedagogical approach in fostering critical

thinking, problem-solving, and self-assurance in

the clinical milieu (Allaire, 2015).

The Role of Simulation in Creating Project: A Literature Review

703

Li & Yang

(2021).

The present study aims

to evaluate the efficacy of

the Base Station (BS)

approach in comparison to

the

Deep Neural Network

(DNN) method for problem-

solving purposes. To achieve

this objective, simulation

techniques were employed.

Eksperiment

n = 22

The findings of the simulation indicate that

the employment of the simulation-assisted Deep

Neural Network (DNN) approach offers benefits

over the Base Station (BS) technique in

addressing problems. This presents the proposed

approach for addressing the is

sue of model

mismatch between the training and testing

datasets (Li et al., 2021).

Scholtz et

al (2017)

The practical

application of an enterprise

resource planning (ERP)

system has the potential to

mitigate the cost and

complexity associated with

such tools.

Qualitative:

Survey

n = 50

Simulation-based learning and mobile

learning (m-learning) are integral components of

a broader and more extensive research endeavor

that seeks to augment the acquisition of

knowledge and skills related to Enterprise

Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the context

of higher education (Scholtz et al., 2017).

Information:

- E2C = Embed-to-control - POD = Proper-orthogonal-decomposition

- ROM = Reduced-order modelling - n = Number of research samples

Figure 2: Distribution of articles by subject area in education.

3.1 Distribution of Simulated in the

Subject Area

The literature review comprises 15 articles published

within the last decade (2013-2022), as depicted in

Figure 2. These articles cover diverse subject areas

and educational disciplines. The preponderance of

articles pertained to the domain of science education,

comprising 7 articles, trailed by engineering

education with 4 articles, medical education with 2

articles, and management education with 2 articles.

3.2 Distributed Simulation in Terms of

Publication Year

Regarding the temporal distribution of simulation-

related articles analyzed in the literature review

spanning the period of the last decade (2013-2022),

as illustrated in Figure 3, it was observed that three

articles were published in 2015, 2017, and 2019, two

articles were published in 2020 and 2021, one article

each in 2013 and 2022, and no articles were published

in 2014, 2016, and 2018. The current research

suggests that there is a relatively low volume of

publications within the last ten years. This implies

that the incorporation of simulation in educational

and pedagogical pursuits is not a prominent topic.

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3.3 The Benefits of Simulation in the

Project

Figure 3: Distribution of articles in terms of publication year.

Table 2: Simulation utilization data in project creation.

Benefits of

Simulation

Descriptions

Simulation in creation

of project

These simulate real-world chemical exposure incidents where participants practice

sorting and treating patients.

The computer simulations for facilitating collaborative problem-solving learning.

The simulation offers a powerful combination of speed, accuracy, and adaptability,

especially in scenarios where real-time or large-scale optimization is required.

These simulations offer a comprehensive and improved approach to global flood

risk assessment, enabling better preparedness for climate-induced changes in flooding

patterns.

The ability to manipulate variables in the simulation, observe changes dynamically,

and promote active experimentation and deeper learning through trial and error.

By simulating hazardous waste site investigations, students practiced applying

engineering principles in realistic, controlled environments, improving their

preparedness for real-world projects.

The simulation to improve training efficiency, accessibility, interactivity, and

accuracy in robotic programming,

The simulation offers an interactive and effective way to teach complex industrial

processes, leading to improved understanding and positive student experiences.

That virtual patient simulations are a promising tool for enhancing critical thinking,

problem-solving, and confidence in clinical practice.

10.

The using simulation-based learning includes accessibility, ease of use, experiential

learning, improved content presentation, and flexibility, which collectively enhance the

effectiveness of learning in higher education.

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705

4 DISCUSSION

In response to the initial research inquiry concerning

the domains in which simulation is implemented in

projects, the examination of 15 articles through a

literature review reveals that simulation is utilized

74% in the realm of science education, 27% in

engineering education, and 13% in both medical

education and management education. Simulation is

employed in each of these fields to address the

problems or challenges specific to each. Simulation is

a widely used technique in the scientific field.

Simulation is a key technology of Industry 4.0 to

support the development of planning and exploration

models to optimize decision-making, design, and

operation of complex systems (Scholtz et al., 2017).

Its primary purpose is to minimize losses and data

errors that may arise during implementation (Jin et

al., 2020). The utilization of a particular project

model can potentially improve its efficacy (Yang et

al., 2019). Similar principles are applicable to other

domains of education, including but not limited to

medicine, engineering, and management.

In response to the second research inquiry

pertaining to the prevalent simulation techniques

employed in project development, the examination of

15 scholarly articles reveals that simulation is

employed in diverse modes of instruction,

encompassing virtual reality, models, software, and

virtual patients (Chung et al., 2013; Allaire, 2015; Li

et al., 2021). Simulation is utilized as a means to

replicate real-world scenarios or settings that are

challenging or costly to replicate in the tangible realm

(Crespo et al., 2015). Simulation, within the realm of

education, encompasses various forms such as

computer simulation, virtual simulation, physical

simulation, and game-based simulation. Simulations

offer a secure and regulated setting for students to

engage in experimentation, decision-making, and

skill-building (Crespo et al., 2015).

In relation to the third research inquiry, assert that

the utilization of simulation has the potential to

facilitate the successful completion of projects by

users (Crespo et al., 2015). The implementation of

simulation techniques has been shown to effectively

mitigate expenses, optimize resource allocation, and

minimize potential hazards, including accidents and

safety-related issues (Bajow et al., 2022: Dong et al.,

2021). Simulation allows experimentation with

different approaches to completing a project without

having to be on site, which can result in a better

understanding of the process, lower costs, shorter

durations, and quality (Scholtz et al., 2017). This

framework aims to help teams design holistically to

create a quality project overall (Scholtz et al., 2017).

Project-based simulations facilitate the process of

acquiring new knowledge through self-directed

learning and collaborative problem-solving (Chang et

al., 2017). The utilization of simulations is based on a

problem-centered learning methodology and aims to

cultivate a range of proficiencies such as critical

analysis, resolution of complex issues, self-assurance,

and efficient strategizing (Chung et al., 2013; Allaire,

2015; Li et al., 2021). Additionally, extant research

has demonstrated that simulation projects elicit

contentment among students with regards to their

involvement and acquisition of knowledge.

Simulations can improve students' skills and

confidence and prepare them for real situations

(Chang et al., 2017).

The utilization of simulation in project-based

learning has been deemed essential for showcasing

enhancements in educational outcomes, as per the

results of the literature review encompassing 15

international articles (Chaplin et al., 2020). Hence,

the integration of simulation with project-based

learning is recommended. The process entails the

incorporation of simulation environments, scenarios,

or models into project-based learning endeavors with

the aim of augmenting the learning process. The

incorporation of simulation in project-based learning

can provide students with the opportunity to confront

authentic challenges, comprehend the consequences

of their choices, and enhance their comprehension of

the subject matter being instructed. The selection of

simulation modality ought to be congruent with the

academic level, contextual setting, and content

domain.

5 CONCLUSION

Optimizing learning through projects involving

simulation requires careful consideration of the

suitable simulation type that aligns with the subject

matter, environment, and level of instruction. The

present study presents the outcomes of the literature

review on the application of simulation in project-

based learning. (a) The application of simulation is

widespread in diverse educational domains,

encompassing science, engineering, medicine,

management, and other sectors. (b) Project

development commonly employs simulation

techniques such as virtual reality, models, modeling,

software, and virtual patients. (c) The utilization of

simulation in projects yields several favorable

outcomes, such as cost and resource reduction, and

risk mitigation, including accidents. (d) The

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706

integration of simulation is also a crucial aspect to

consider.

The limitations of this pepper is the present

literature review's delineation of inclusion and

exclusion criteria may not comprehensively explicate

the function of simulation in the process of designing

and executing projects. Furthermore, there exist

certain variables that have not been extensively

deliberated upon in the literature scrutinized during

the course of this review. Given this constraint, the

researcher recognizes the imperative of undertaking a

comprehensive investigation into this issue.

6 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Conceptualization, W. and I.K.; methodology, W.

and I.K.; formal analysis, W.; data curation, I.K. and

L.H; writing—review and editing, W., I.K. and L.H.;

Submid and Correspondent, W. and I.K., All authors

have read and agreed to the published version of the

manuscript.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would like to thank the promoter and co-

promoter who have guided the author in completing

this pepper.The author also wants to say thank you to

Puslapdik Kemdikbudristek, LPDP who have fully

financed the doctor's program with a financing

scheme Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia (BPI) for the

grant with a contract number:

01523/J5.2.3/BPI.06/9/2022.

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