Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in
Higher Education
Hasrul Hasrul
a
, Hasbullah Malau
b
, Rusdi Rusdi
c
and Mery Lyani Kusuma Dewi
d
Padang State University, Prof. Dr. Hamka Street, Padang City, Indonesia
Keywords: AI, ChatGPT, Academic Ethics.
Abstract: T
he invention of AI (Artificial intelligence) ChatGPT becomes a prominent issue in learning in higher
education because, on the one hand, it rapidly eases and facilitates both students’ and lecturers’ tasks such as
writing papers or theses, answering exams, even writing scientific articles. On the other hand, it has
considerable drawbacks as it becomes a shortcut for college students to complete their tasks without having
to study properly. ChatGPT is potential to decline the quality of graduates; therefore, academic ethics of using
ChatGPT in learning is required. This research aimed to find scientific conclusions about the benefits, negative
impacts and academic ethics of using AI (Artificial intelligence) chatGPT in learning. This is a qualitative
research using a descriptive method where objects or phenomena are described in depth. The source of
primary data of this research were experts in educational technology, information technology, professors of
various scientific fields, and students using ChatGPT. While journals, books, videos, and other relevant
documents were used as the secondary data. Data analysis was conducted through a descriptive analysis
approach, where data were collected, grouped, processed and arranged according to the object or phenomenon
observed. This research found that the use of ChatGPT
bri
ngs great benefits to learning, but at the same time
it is believed to have negative impacts to degrade the quality of graduates. Thus, it is crucial to have academic
ethics in using ChatGPT in the learning and teaching process in universities.
1 INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence has developed rapidly in recent
years, causing changes in several disciplines, one of
which is education (Xu, L.; Sanders, L.; Li, K.; Chow,
2021). ChatGPT is an AI-based tool developed by
Open AI that is able to enable text generation based
on user requests. This technology is designed to
understand the nature of language so that it produces
intelligent and relevant responses to user questions
(Halaweh, 2023). Both students and teachers can
benefit from these exciting options, which include
individualized feedback, enhanced accessibility,
interactive discussions, lesson planning, evaluation,
and a variety of novel approaches to challenging
ideas. ChatGPT is viewed as a tool that may fix
writing mistakes and push students to keep improving
their writing skills (Hosseini et al., 2023). Only when
utilized in a pedagogically sound way can
technologies like ChatGPT realize their full potential.
Numerous views assert the significance of a
logical process for embracing and modifying
technological advancements (Fütterer et al., 2023).
By reducing the negative effects of its use, ChatGPT's
educational potential can be fully realized. Utilizing
AI responsibly and effectively in order to navigate a
world where technological adaptation is happening at
an ever-increasing rate (Zhu & Wang, 2023). The use
of ChatGPT provides recommendations for students
to receive teaching that is tailored to their individual
needs. In this case, ChatGPT can provide detailed
answers on how to solve various problems asked by
students (Su & Yang, 2023).
Although ChatGPT has provided much success
in the world of education, in fact ChatGPT brings
threats and negative impacts with its ability to provide
specific answers to questions submitted by users (Lo,
2023). ChatGPT presents a number of risks to the
educational system, including the ability to cheat on
online tests, the production of texts that seem human,
a decline in critical thinking abilities, and trouble
assessing data produced by ChatGPT (Rahman &
Watanobe, 2023). A study by Mogali (2023) in
(Heng, Kimkong, 2021) found that in the initial
evaluation, ChatGPT was inconsistent in responding
with accurate information. The same thing was also
506
Hasrul, H., Malau, H., Rusdi, R. and Dewi, M. L. K.
Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in Higher Education.
DOI: 10.5220/0013413700004654
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 506-514
ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8
Copyright © 2025 by Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
stated by (Chinonso, Theresa, & Aduke, 2023),
According to their statement, it was discovered that
ChatGPT is sensitive to variations in the phrase
entered for the same query. The following are some
drawbacks that could result from using ChatGPT in
higher education: Dependency on technology comes
first. Students may become overly reliant on
technology as a result of using ChatGPT for learning,
losing fundamental abilities like writing and reading.
Second, minimizing social contact. Overuse of
ChatGPT by students as a source of knowledge can
decrease social contact between students and between
students and instructors. Privacy issues come in third.
Chat GPT is a chatbot feature developed by Open
AI, an American research company to develop
artificial intelligence. Chat GPT (Generative Pre-
training Transformer) is an artificial intelligence that
operates through dialogue. It uses straightforward
methods, like questioning a teacher in class, however
Chat GPT allows for quick and automatic answers
(Hutapea & Rantung, 2024). Through the use of Chat
GPT, users can interact, ask questions, and receive
answers quickly. The advantages of Chat GPT
include providing accurate and relevant information
to the preferences of its users. A fast response can
provide all the answers users need, can filter negative
requests, is able to use natural grammar, so that the
answers produced are correct even though they use
different questions. The disadvantages of Chat GPT
are that it has limited understanding, has not been able
to shift creative work, has not been able to distinguish
between facts and opinions, and requires a stable
internet network. That is one of the reasons why
students use Chat GPT in creating scientific works
such as essays, articles, and articles. Utilizing GPT
Chat for article creation has a big impact on how GPT
Chat is used in the educational field (Fatoni,
Ferdinand, Sajidin, & Kurnia, 2024).
However, uncontrolled use of ChatGPT can
endanger student privacy and can allow the collection
of personal data by third parties. (Sallam, nd)
reviewed 60 articles about ChatGPT, one of which
was in the world of education, found that ChatGPT
can cause plagiarism to incorrect responses and
inaccurate citations.
As a result, a policy that governs
ChatGPT use in higher education is required. Based
on the description above, the formulation of the
research problem is as follows:
1. How is the use of the AI ChatGPT platform
beneficial for students? In learning process?
2. What are the possible threats from the use of
AI?
3. How are academic ethics in the use of AI
ChatGPT by students in learning process?
2 METHOD
The type of research planned is qualitative descriptive
research with an emphasis on the grounded theory
model. This type of research was chosen with the aim
that the data obtained in more depth. Through this
approach, the researcher wants to deeply link one data
with another data in analyzing the use of chatGPT in
the learning process by students and its relationship
to the applicable academic ethics standards at Padang
State University. The research informants were
determined by purposive sampling, namely: (1)
Educational Technology Experts (2) Character and
Value Education Experts and (3) Educational
Psychology Experts, (4) Elements of university
leadership, and (5) UNP students. In-depth
interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and
documentation studies were used to gather data
(Fiantika et al., 2022). To ensure the validity of the
data, in addition to using grounded theory steps,
namely: (1) open coding; (2) axial coding; (3)
selective coding. In this regard, the research process
that will be carried out can described as follows:
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Benefits of Using the ChatGPT
Platform in Learning
In 2018, OpenAI created the deep learning model
known as ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained
Transformer). Compared to humans, who are limited
in their ability to read extensive literature and discern
relationships between seemingly disparate pieces of
information, ChatGPT, as an AI, has superior
advantages in terms of rapidly comprehending
information in depth and connecting evidence to
reach conclusions. Originally designed as a
generative model, ChatGPT can be used to produce
text that is suitable for the conversational context
(Setiawan, 2023b).
Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in Higher Education
507
Table 1: Research Process.
No
Activity
Outcomes to be Achieved
Method
1
Early Stage Analysis dan
memetakan pengetahuan
dan pemahaman
informan tentang AI
chatGPT terutama sekali
terkait
dengan
penggunaan
chatGPT sebagai
tehknolgi yang dapat
berperan dalam
Pembelajaran
The results of the analysis and mapping of AI chatGPT
are obtained, especially in relation to the use of
chatGPT as a technology that can play a role in
learning.
- Indepth interview
- Documentation study
- Content analysis
2
Positive and Negative
Impact Analysis
Obtained factual impact of the positive impact and
negative impact of the use of chatGPT by students in
the learning process.
- Indepth interview
- FGD
- Documentation study
- Literature study
3
Academic Ethics
Analysis
Obtaining factual data on academy ethical guidelines in
the use of chatGPT
- Indepth interview
- FGD
- Documentation study
- Literature study
4
Analysis of
ChatGPT Usage
Obtained a conceptualization of the use of chatGPT in
accordance with the academic ethics of learning in
higher education (UNP)
- Indepth interview
- FGD
- Documentation study
- Literature study
Figure 1: Benefits of Using ChatGPT.
The Chat GPT dataset is a natural language powered
by OpenAI using pre-training and fine-tuning
techniques on a large dataset. The dataset used to train
Chat GPT is a collection of texts from various sources
on the internet, such as news articles, books, blogs,
and other websites (Setiawan, 2023a). Chat GPT has
become one of the technologies used as a weapon by
several groups, one of which is students because it
can help them to do assignments or get information
easily (Hasim, 2023). The following is a description
of the statement of attitude regarding the use of
ChatGPT in the world of education:
According to the study's findings, academics and
intellectuals in Indonesia and overseas-more
especially, those in Malaysia, a neighboring country-
consider the use of AI ChatGPT in education to be
beneficial. According to the study's findings,
academics and intellectuals in Indonesia and overseas
view the use of AI ChatGPT in education favorably
.
Based on seven informants who provided statements
regarding the positive impact of using ChatGPT, six
of them stated that the benefits of ChatGPT were able
to answer questions with a high level of accuracy.
Meanwhile, three of the other seven informants stated
that chatGPT had been able to provide information for
its users. Based on the chart above, a number of
benefits have been found that can be obtained from
using ChatGPT. This is consistent with the findings of
studies conducted by (Oranga, 2023) which explains
that AI technology makes it simple for people to find
different
kinds of information. Artificial intelligence
0
2
4
6
8
Informant
Benefit of ChatGPT
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Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in Higher Education
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Figure 2: Negative Impact of ChatGPT.
will respond to your inquiries based on the relevant
queries. The existence of ChatGPT technology
creates chances to use this AI chatbot in Indonesian
education, particularly in fostering the competencies
(skills) that students will require in the twenty-first
century. Critical thinking, teamwork,
communication, and creativity are the six
characteristics that students in the Era Education 4.0
must possess. Two more supporting competencies are
character education and citizenship (Suhawarman,
2023).
ChatGPT has the potential to significantly
improve academics and librarianship in novel ways.
However, in order to collaborate using this
technology to enhance the caliber of work in order to
generate new scientific information and instruct
future experts, it is crucial to think about how to use
it responsibly and ethically.
Chat GPT can also provide a more flexible
experience, such as providing solutions or
recommendations to users for daily tasks. With this
feature, students can ask for advice or
recommendations for answers to their college
assignments, another ability is the ability to learn
different language patterns and styles from various
sources of information. Chat GPT can provide a
variety of responses and imitate many different
language styles. With this feature, Chat GPT can be
used as a reference source for completing student
assignments (Fuchs, 2023). Based on all aspects that
play a role in achieving learning objectives, ChatGPT
can be relied on as a new learning technology, Abna
gave an example, courses in the form of concepts
such as the basics of communication. When studying
something conceptual, chatGPT can be a reference
for students. However, in the next process when it
comes to the stage of high-level thinking, it requires
elaboration assisted by lecturers or teachers. From the
practical side of the learning process, chatGPT also
has indirect benefits, namely it can be a reference for
students. The benefits of ChatGPT allow students to
collect data, analyze, simulate, experiment so as to
produce more innovative results (Zhai, 2023).
3.2 Negative Impacts of Using
ChatGPT in Learning in Higher
Education
Teachers are debating ChatGPT's remarkable
capacity to carry out challenging educational
activities (Baidoo-Anu And Owusu Ansah 2023).
Here, researchers report on their investigation of the
potential drawbacks of using chatGPT during the
higher education learning process.
Based on the description of the statement above,
it was found that from six informants it was found that
the highest negative impact of using chatGPT was
that it resulted in academic dishonesty and the main
cause of misinformation. The use of ChatGPT and AI
can save time in making assignments, papers and
papers, but the use of ChatGPT is very prone to
plagiarism and students become uncreative and lazy
to think. In the end, students will become accustomed
to committing academic dishonesty by continuously
plagiarizing in order to achieve ease in completing the
tasks given (Sullivan, Kelly, & McLaughlan, 2023).
ChatGPT can only respond to user inquiries, in
contrast to humans who are able to look up reliable
information from a variety of sources. Therefore,
human supervision and interaction are still required
even if this feature can deliver solutions based on user
demands. Furthermore, there is a chance that false
information will be provided. Training data is the
foundation of ChatGPT, and if the training data is
biased or not representative, the model's output
results may likewise be skewed. Users may not
always grasp the output of the ChatGPT model, and
if they base their decisions incorrectly, this could
result in more serious mistakes and issues. This will
undoubtedly have an impact on the responses, which
might include inaccurate information (M. Mijwil et
al., 2023).
0
1
2
3
4
Informant
Negative Impact of ChatGPT
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According to a poll, 53% of American students
use ChatGPT to compose papers, while nearly 89%
utilize it to finish tasks. Furthermore, 22% of students
utilize Chat GPT to write scientific papers, and 48%
of students use it for tests (McGee, 2023). Due to this
phenomena, ChatGPT has been outlawed by a
number of foreign colleges and schools, which view
it as a "threat" and a "educational plague." As quoted
in the article (Setiawan, A., & Luthfiyani, 2023),
according to Rosenzweig, in Los Angeles, the
Unified School District and the New York City
Department of Education banned ChatGPT use in
their schools in December 2022, citing the fact that
ChatGPT negatively affects students' development of
critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which
are essential for their future academic success.
Some experts have raised concerns about the
negative impacts of using ChatGPT and other AI
technologies in academia. Here are some of the views
that are often expressed:
1. Reduction in Critical Thinking Skills
According to Ethan Mollick, a professor at
the Wharton School at the University of
Pennsylvania, AI like ChatGPT risks
making students too dependent on the tool to
complete their academic assignments, which
could ultimately reduce critical and
analytical thinking skills. Mollick
emphasized that students should continue to
develop their own thinking without relying
entirely on AI.
2. Increased Risk of Plagiarism
Sarah Elaine Eaton, an academic ethics
expert at the University of Calgary, argues
that the use of AI can increase the risk of
plagiarism, both intentional and
unintentional. ChatGPT can produce text
that looks like the original writing, and if
students do not provide proper attribution,
this can violate academic ethics and tarnish
the reputation of educational institutions.
3. Decreased Ability to Write and Express
Ideas
Mark Warschauer, a professor at the
University of California, Irvine, suggests
that relying on ChatGPT could undermine
students writing skills. He says students
may be missing out on developing their
skills in constructing arguments and
communicating ideas well if they are
accustomed to leaving the process to AI.
4. Risk of Spreading Inaccurate Information
Gary Marcus, an AI researcher and author,
stated that ChatGPT has limitations in
filtering accurate information. In an
academic context, this can be dangerous
because students may use incorrect or
unverified information from ChatGPT,
which can affect the quality and academic
accuracy of their assignments or research.
5. Limiting the Development of Research
Capabilities
Sam Wineburg, a digital literacy expert from
Stanford University, said that the use of AI
can reduce the urge to do thorough research.
Students who frequently use ChatGPT may
tend to look for instant answers rather than
trying to understand the process of research
and deep exploration of information, which
is important in the academic world.
These expert views underline the importance of
caution in using ChatGPT in the academic world so
that its negative impacts can be minimized.
3.3 Ethics of Using ChatGPT in
Learning at Universities
The use of ChatGPT in educational settings in an
ethical and responsible manner is a complicated,
multifaceted topic that calls for various strategies in
each transdisciplinary field (Mhlanga, 2023). Chat
GPT actually provides convenience for students in
compiling this paper, it needs to be considered and
continue to use ethics in writing the appropriate
paper. Prof. Nurul Huda said that it cannot be said that
there will be no misuse of AI chatGPT by students or
students in fulfilling the demands of their college
assignments, such as imitation of academic reports
and others. Therefore, there must be guidelines for the
use of AI that must be determined and adhered to.
Mechanisms and systems to prevent and monitor the
implementation of imitation require good planning.
Nurul said that in general, Universities in Malaysia
have taken a wise stance on the use of AI, and have
socialized the use of AI to their citizens.
Prof. Abna Hidayati, an educational technology
expert from Padang State University, emphasized the
importance of having academic ethics regulations so
that the use of ChatGPT remains positively beneficial
and can avoid its negative impacts. More simply,
Abna gave an example of academic ethics that must
be created by universities, namely that students are
allowed to use ChatGPT by providing a discussion
space. It becomes important when AI chatGPT has
become a daily part of the learning process, to ensure
that students understand the lecture material, for
Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in Higher Education
511
example, by offering tests that evaluate how well
people recall things like specific dates, topics, or
historical occurrences, assessing the quality of the
references used, and boosting group projects and
conversation. Prof. Abna came to what he thought
was very urgent, namely, universities need to
immediately create clear and measurable ethical rules
for using chatGPT. Lecturers are also required to
understand and get used to using AI chatGPT so that
they can detect students who are being dishonest by
using chatGPT in doing their college assignments.
Chair of the University of Indonesia's Board of
Professors, Prof. Tuti Krisnowo, revealed that several
universities have also taken policies related to
regulating the use of AI. For example, lecturers at
George Washington University have stopped giving
written homework and they have returned to the
traditional mechanism. All is done by writing papers
and exams in class with pen and paper. Thousands of
lecturers at Harvard University, University offroad
Island have even proposed the implementation of the
GPT Zero policy, a program that can quickly detect
text generated by artificial intelligence. Turnitin was
initially also unable to detect GPT. However, at this
time there is the latest Turnitin AI which is claimed
to be able to detect GPT.
According to Dr. Fuad Abdul Ghani, in
responding to GPT chat wisely, a discussion is
needed regarding the ethics of using GPT chat,
establishing clear and correct guidelines in using
GPT, using tools that produce realistic text through
plagiarism detection. Here there is turnitin with a new
feature that is able to detect that the work is real and
not a copy paste from GPT chat, to test students'
ability to master the material, a presentation process
is carried out, providing space for students to link
several fields such as social, economic and others
even though this is additional work for the Lecturer.
Students may find ChatGPT to be a helpful resource
in overcoming these obstacles. ChatGPT can be used
to communicate, ask questions, or have discussions
with students, as well as to help them understand the
material, answer inquiries, or offer guidance on how
to solve academic challenges because of its capacity
to produce realistic and complicated language.
Nevertheless, there are barriers and moral dilemmas
associated with students using ChatGPT. For
instance, worries about learning automation, the
veracity of the text produced, and user data privacy
and security. Consequently, a thorough
comprehension of Chat GPT's application in an
academic setting, as well as its possible advantages
and consequences for students.
In terms of the use of ChatGPT in the educational
realm, it is necessary to prepare a regulations and
policies based on ethics and morals. Here are some
examples of academic ethics formulations in the use
of ChatGPT in a university environment. This
formulation can be a guide in ensuring that the use of
ChatGPT is carried out ethically and supports the
development of knowledge and academic integrity in
higher education.
1. Use as an Aid, Not a Substitute for
Understanding
ChatGPT should be used as a tool to help
understand concepts or develop ideas, not as
a substitute for independent study or
personal understanding. Students must
remain responsible for understanding and
developing the material themselves.
2. Avoid Plagiarism
Every time students use text or ideas
produced by ChatGPT, they must cite it as a
source. The use of information produced by
ChatGPT without attribution is considered
plagiarism and violates academic integrity.
3. Implementation in the Task and Assessment
Framework
Students must always comply with the rules
and instructions of lecturers or universities
regarding the use of AI tools. If an
assignment requires original work without
the help of AI tools, students should avoid
using ChatGPT.
4. Development of Critical Thinking
Students are expected to use ChatGPT
critically, evaluate the information provided,
and not accept every result without review.
Students must verify the accuracy of the
information and judge its relevance based on
the academic context.
5. Restrictions on Use for Sensitive or Covert
Research
ChatGPT should not be used to generate or
access sensitive, confidential, or personal
information related to research without
permission. Students must ensure that the
use of AI tools remains in accordance with
academic privacy and security rules.
6. Acknowledgement of ChatGPT Limitations
Students need to understand that ChatGPT is
not a perfect source and may produce
inaccurate information. Therefore, the
information given must always be checked
and confirmed for accuracy from trusted
academic sources.
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The use of ChatGPT as a learning aid in higher
education has great potential to enrich the learning
experience and improve student understanding.
However, the importance of ethics in its use cannot
be ignored. Here are some reasons why ethics must
be upheld in the use of ChatGPT in academic
environments:
1. Encourage the Originality of Academic
Work
ChatGPT can be a source of inspiration and
reference, but students must ensure that their
work remains original. Relying on ChatGPT
to produce work without personal
understanding and interpretation can cloud
the academic value and integrity of the
work.
2. Minimize Over-Dependence
ChatGPT is an effective tool, but its use
must be wise so as not to reduce students'
critical thinking skills and analytical
abilities. Students still need to try to
understand the material and complete
assignments independently, using ChatGPT
only as an addition, not the main source.
3. Avoiding Plagiarism Violations
Using text generated by ChatGPT without
proper acknowledgement can be considered
plagiarism. Therefore, it is important for
students to always cite sources if they use
ideas or information provided by ChatGPT,
maintaining academic ethics and the
credibility of their writing.
4. Developing Academic Responsibility
By implementing ethics of use, students
learn to be responsible for how they use
technology in learning. This will shape good
habits in seeking information, processing
data, and producing work that truly reflects
their own understanding.
By implementing ethics in the use of ChatGPT,
students can utilize this technology positively and
responsibly, supporting academic development with
integrity and meaning in higher education.
Therefore, using ChatGPT can speed up and
enhance learning through comprehension of the
benefits and hazards as well as the prudent
application of AI. Students are able to make good use
of modern technology while avoiding any possible
hazards. One way to ensure proper use is to
understand the limitations of ChatGPT's capabilities.
Despite having excellent capabilities in producing
text, ChatGPT cannot replace human interaction in
decision making. complex. Therefore, users should
use ChatGPT only as an aid and continue to rely on
human judgment for decisions. important. In
addition, users must also pay attention to the data
sources used by ChatGPT. ChatGPT learns human
language through data provided by humans.
Therefore, the data sources used by ChatGPT can
affect the results produced. It is important for users to
ensure that the data sources used are credible and
accountable.
4 CONCLUSION
Apart from the benefits or positive impacts, there are
also weaknesses which are the negative impacts of
using GPT in the world of education, including
causing violation of academic rules and ethics,
plagiarism issues and decreased reasoning power,
critical and creative attitudes. In the world of
education, especially for students in Higher
Education, the use of GPT chat will have a fatal
impact if not managed properly. This is proven by the
existence of GPT chat, students can get faster and
more accurate work results without considering the
creative ideas or ideas that exist in them. In addition,
this also allows for plagiarism of other people's work
because students copy-paste data that has been
inputted into AI. If this is not addressed immediately,
it will affect the profile of academic graduates who
are incompetent and unprofessional. In addition, the
use of AI technology can also cause cyber crime. The
emergence of applications such as deepfake, voice
cloning does provide benefits on the one hand but on
the other hand it can actually be misused by certain
individuals so that cyber crime arises in the form of
fraud cases from the results of modifying the victim's
face or voice forgery which can harm many parties.
The use of GPT chat is something that cannot be
avoided because it is in accordance with the
development of the times and technological advances
that are increasingly sophisticated every decade. The
use of GPT chat can advance the next generation if
used in the right way and rules but can also destroy
the next generation if not used properly. In terms of
educational progress that prioritizes technology in
every learning process, ethics are needed in the use of
AI technology, including providing limitations in the
use of AI for students through presentation sessions
in class to improve students' reasoning and creativity
in understanding the material through delivery in
front of the class, opening discussions on each
material by linking it to issues or problems that are
relevant to the topic of study. Not only that, this
discussion can also be done in groups so that students
Academic Ethics for Using the ChatGPT AI Platform in Learning in Higher Education
513
can develop their own ideas and thoughts so that
creative thinking arises from the results together.
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