Becoming a Resilient Community Fighting the Drought Disaster

Ratna Wilis

, Dedi Hermon

, Helfia Edial

, Abel Tasman

and Aldri Frinaldi

Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Padang State University, Indonesia

Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, Padang State University, Indonesia

Keywords: Disaster, Drought, Food Agriculture, Productivity.

Abstract: Several areas in Tanah Datar Regency, including Rangkat and Lima Kaum Districts, are beginning to

experience drought, threatening crop failure due to the extreme heat. This situation is further aggravated by

the Galodo disaster that occurred in 2024. The purpose of this study is to transform Lima Kaum Village into

a community resilient to drought disasters. The methods employed include counseling, training, workshops,

and field practice assistance. The outcomes of the study are as follows: 1) an increase in community

knowledge and skills to effectively address drought disasters, 2) improved understanding and skills in

maintaining and restoring the fertility of rice fields, particularly after the Galodo disaster, 3) enhanced

knowledge in managing planting patterns to adapt to the unbalanced dry and rainy seasons, and 4) an increase

in farmers' knowledge of producing eco-enzyme as a sustainable solution for improving agricultural

productivity.

1 INTRODUCTION

Global warming due to increasing concentrations of

greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has

caused climate change. Changes in rainfall patterns,

seasonal shifts, increasing temperatures, and rising

sea levels that are currently occurring have impacted

various sectors and human life. Crop failures due to

extreme climate events are increasingly frequent and

widespread. Water availability is also decreasing

because the dry season tends to be drier. The

explosion of pest/disease cases in plants and humans

also tends to increase which is thought to be related

to global warming and climate change (Ministry of

Environment 2015). Drought is one of the natural

disasters caused by uneven distribution of rainwater,

which causes the volume of surface water such as

rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and others in several areas in

Indonesia to fall below the minimum threshold or

even due to prolonged drought which causes

depletion of groundwater reserves due to evaporation

and transpiration (Surmaini, 2016). Drought can be a

natural disaster if an area loses its source of income

due to disruption of the agricultural sector, in this case

in the form of land conversion such as rice fields.

However, it is not known for sure when this disaster

begins and ends. In general, people only realize when

the water in the well runs out, when the Regional

Drinking Water Company (PDAM) or Regional

Drinking Water Company experiences congestion,

and even when the river experiences seasonal drought

(Syamsuri, 2021).

In accordance with the RPJMD Mission of Tanah

Datar Regency and City 2021-2026 in mission 2,

namely Improving the economy of the Tanah Datar

Regency community and expanding employment

opportunities based on agriculture, industry and

MSMEs. This mission aims to realize community

welfare as described through increasing GRDP per

capita, reducing unemployment rates and increasing

the rate of economic growth by developing more

productive economic activities based on the people,

encouraging the region's leading sectors [RPJMD

Tanah Datar Regency 2021-2026 (BPPP, 2021).

Agricultural drought is defined as the lack of

groundwater availability to support the growth of

food crops and livestock from normal rainfall over a

certain period of time. This agricultural drought

occurs after symptoms of meteorological drought.

The dry season is identical to conditions of decreasing

rainfall, or rainfall below normal, so it is certain that

a number of areas experience drought.

The agricultural sector requires more than 70% of

water for consumption crops (Pratiwi, 2020). Water

is a natural resource that is very much needed by

humans. During the rainy season, water in several

Wilis, R., Hermon, D., Edial, H., Tasman, A. and Frinaldi, A.

Becoming a Resilient Community Fighting the Drought Disaster.

DOI: 10.5220/0013412600004654

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 44-50

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

regions of Indonesia tends to be excessive and in

several regions there is a shortage of water during the

dry season (Veni, 2021). Drought disasters have a

negative impact on the agricultural sector and crop

production. Drought is a global challenge for the

world community and has occurred in all countries

(Widyastuti, 2020). Drought is basically caused by

hydrological conditions in areas with unbalanced

water conditions. Drought occurs due to uneven

distribution of rainfall. Occurs in an area. This

imbalance in rainfall causes an imbalance between

water supply and rice field production in several areas

with low rainfall. The existence of irregular changes

in seasons such as a prolonged dry season causes

drought in agricultural land, thus affecting

agricultural crop production such as decreasing

production and even experiencing crop failure (Veni,

2021).

Several areas in Tanah Datar Regency, West

Sumatra are starting to experience drought and are

threatened with crop failure due to hot weather and

damaged agricultural irrigation channels in the area,

such as areas in Tanjung Baru, Rambatan and Lima

Kaum Districts. The impact is that if this dry season

lasts a long time, around tens of hectares of rice fields

in the area will be affected by the threat of crop failure

(Faiza, 2020). Around 150 hectares of rice fields

owned by farmers in Jorong Sungai Salak, Tanjung

Oh My District, Tanah Datar Regency, West

Sumatra, experienced drought after more than a

month of no rain in the area. Most of the rice fields in

Jorong Sungai Salak are rain-fed land. Residents only

expect rainwater when they want to go to the rice

fields, if it is hot like this, they are forced to leave it

until the rainy season arrives. As a result of these

conditions, around 150 hectares of agricultural land

in the area have been abandoned. unemployed. There

are even residents' lands that have been forced to be

left unplanted for a year, because farmers cannot

force themselves to plant rice if they do not have

access to water (Rahman, 2012). The agricultural

lands owned by residents in Rambatan and Lima

Kauman Districts are now starting to turn yellow due

to not receiving water supply. In addition, the rice

fields are also cracked due to the lack of sufficient

water supply. Even though they have taken turns

channeling water to their rice fields at night with a

queuing system, it is still not enough for their rice.

Farmers in the district really hope for rain, so that the

rice plants do not die (Padang Regional Regulation,

2019).

In general, the specific problems of farmers in

Lima Kecamatan Village related to the problem of

drought are: Farmers' knowledge in saving is still

low. water during the rainy season, droughts still

often occur which cause crop failures, Farmers'

knowledge in increasing agricultural productivity is

still lacking, Farmers' knowledge in utilizing land

according to the potential and limitations of the land

is still lacking, They have not been able to develop

farming patterns to increase entrepreneurial spirit and

improve farmers' economy, and farmers' knowledge

in managing farmer group organizations is still

limited. For this reason, it is necessary to create a

disaster-resilient community. A disaster-resilient

community is a community that is responsive, trained,

steadfast and resilient to all forms of potential

disasters that occur, including drought. In accordance

with the Padang City RPJMD Mission 2019-2024 in

the 6th mission, namely to create a community that is

aware, caring and resilient to disasters. A disaster-

resilient community is a community that is

responsive, trained, steadfast and resilient to all forms

of potential disasters that occur, including drought

(BPPP, 2021). In accordance with the 2021-2026

Tanah Datar Regency RPJMD Mission in mission 2,

namely Improving the economy of the Tanah Datar

Regency community and expanding employment

opportunities based on agriculture, industry and

SMEs. This mission aims to realize community

welfare which is described through increasing GRDP

per capita, reducing unemployment rates and

increasing the rate of economic growth by developing

more productive economic activities based on the

people, encouraging the region's leading sectors

[Tanah Datar Regency RPJMD, 2021].

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research is a qualitative research where to obtain

data must go into the field with discussions with the

community. The approach methods offered in solving

partner problems are as follows: 1) Direct discussion

with the Lima Kaum community and with village

heads and farmer groups experiencing drought, what

factors hinder the implementation of adaptation and

mitigation in dealing with this drought disaster,

preparing farmers to be resilient in saving water and

overcoming this drought, 2) Community service at

the irrigation location for their rice fields so that

tertiary channels can flow directly to their rice fields,

3) Training on adaptation and mitigation of drought

disasters, The targeted output is the birth of a

community that is aware, cares and resilient to

drought and other disasters can carry out the planting

patterns that have been prepared, 4) Training on the

use of vegetable and fruit waste for the manufacture

Becoming a Resilient Community Fighting the Drought Disaster

of eco-enzymes, 5) Utilization of natural materials for

the manufacture of botanical pesticides.

The most appropriate and frequently used

approach method in this study is related to training.

This training is most appropriate for activities with

this theme.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Lima Kaum Village is a nagari with an area of 2,300

Ha and consists of 8 jorong, namely Jorong Dusun

Tuo, Koto Gadih, Balai Batu, Tigo Tumpuak, Balai

Labu Oh, Balai Labu Bawah, Kubu Rajo, and Piliang.

Its astronomical location is 100 o 28 '19" - 100 o 37'

24" East Longitude, 0 o 26' 42" - 0 o 31' 01" South

Latitude. The topography of Limo Kaum Village is at

an altitude of ± 400 M above sea level with

topographic conditions in the form of highlands and

undulating, an average temperature of 25 to 32 ° C.

Administratively, Limo Village borders 4 other

villages, namely to the north it borders Baringin

Village, to the south it borders Rambatan Nagari, to

the east it borders Beringin Nagari, and to the west it

borders Cubadak Village (BPPP, 2021). The research

location can be seen in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Research Location Map.

The results of research activities related to efforts

to realize a Drought Resilient Society are presented in

this chapter. The following will describe the

implementation of research activities that have been

carried out:

3.1 Discussion

This discussion was directly with the apparatus in

Lima Kaum sub-district regarding the disaster that

occurred, namely the galodo which buried

agricultural land in this sub-district. Farmers

experienced crop failure because the galodo disaster

first destroyed their rice fields. We discussed the form

of devotion that we could do here, especially to

restore the fertility of their agricultural land. Our team

explained that our theme was actually related to

drought, but because this area had just experienced a

galodo disaster, with the approval of the village head,

Mr. Fadhli Tarmizi SH, we hoped that we would

focus more on helping to increase the fertility of

farmers' land, especially in 2 jorong, namely Balai

Labuh Atas and Balai Labuh Bawah.

3.2 Survey Activities to Galodo

Disaster Location in Rice Fields

The research was conducted on August 12, 2024, as

well as discussions and reviews of the galodo disaster

site that had buried the community's rice fields in

Lima Kauman Village. All rice fields on the left and

right sides of Batang Malana were buried and were

confirmed to have failed harvests.

Rice Fields Before

Galodo

Land filled with rocks

and sand

Plant Remains That

Appear on the Surface

The Land is Now Flat

with the Ground

Figure 2: Condition of Rice Fields after the Galodo

Disaster.

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

The Galodo disaster that hit West Sumatra,

especially the Lima Kaum Village in Tanah Datar

Regency on May 11, 2024, has had an impact on the

loss of human lives and agricultural land as well.

Muddy rivers formed in the tributaries with wider

sizes. Several residents cried over their livestock that

were in pens that had disappeared. The green expanse

of rice fields and chili and other vegetable gardens in

several areas in Tanah Datar had turned black,

covered in mud that formed the river. Complete with

large rocks and large trees that had been cut into

pieces. Head of the Tanah Datar Communication and

Information Service Yusrizal, Monday (05/20/24) in

Batusangkar. He added that the flood that occurred on

Sunday (05/12/24) occurred in 6 Districts and 13

Nagari in Tanah Datar, and the most severe occurred

in the Lima Kaum and X Koto Districts. This disaster

has killed 32 Tanah Datar residents and 10 others are

still missing, 13 were slightly injured and 7 were

seriously injured. Not only that, as many as 15,032

livestock (cows, buffaloes, ducks) were swept away

by the flood. And more than 200 two-wheeled and

four-wheeled vehicles belonging to Tanah Datar

residents were damaged and lost.

Many farmers are pensive with the disaster that

befell their land, most of the rice fields will face the

rice harvest season, but what happens is that their land

is covered in mud, they do not know when they will

cultivate the land to plant rice again. The process of

land clearing and removing sand material that has

accumulated on their land is still long. It is necessary

to carry out land potential assessment activities and

land fertility evaluations to increase sustainable land

productivity (Wilis, 2024). Land capability

evaluation is an effort to utilize land according to its

potential (Wilis, 2020).

3.3 Socialization and FGD (Focus Group

Discussion) Regarding Drought

Resilient Disaster

Drought is a type of complex natural disaster

characterized by a long-term water shortage. Drought

occurs slowly (slow on-set) with a duration until the

rainy season arrives, and has a very broad impact and

is cross-sectoral (economic, social, health, and

education) (IRBI, 2015). Drought can be caused

because an area does not experience a rainy season or

dry season for a long period of time or rainfall is

below normal, so that the water content in the soil

decreases or even disappears. According to Indarto et

al., (2014) in general, the beginning of a drought

disaster cannot be known, but it can be said that

drought occurs when the available water is no longer

sufficient for daily needs. Land damage and the

impact of losses caused by drought are very extensive

and the economic value of the losses is quite large.

Drought can be classified based on the characteristics

and impacts caused. The FGD related to drought was

held on Wednesday, September 19, 2024 at the office

of the Head of Limo Kaum Village, which was

attended by representatives of farmer groups, village

heads and village officials. The resource person other

than the UNP team led by Mrs. Dr. Ratna Wils, S.Pd,

MP was also present, the Head of BMKG Bukit Koto

Tabang, namely GAW Station, Mr. Dr. Sugeng

Nugroho, S.Si, M.Si. He provided material related to

drought and disasters that often hit the Limo Kaum

village area, especially the galodo disaster.

Community resilience strategies for drought

can be done by: 1) Saving water during the dry

season, accompanied by making water storage

containers when it rains and very useful for

farmers during the dry season later, 2) Farmers are

disciplined in following the planting patterns

prepared by the agricultural service and are on the

website siaptanam.bsipkementan.id, 3)

Utilization of agricultural waste to make compost,

4) utilization of fruit and vegetable waste to make

eco-enzymes.

The FGD event was

opened by the Mayor of

Limo Kaum Village

Group Photo of FGD

Participants

Figure 3: Socialization and FGD on drought management

with the community and farmer group members.

The long-term strategy that must be done is to

prepare activities for the coming year, coincidentally

this will continue for the next 2 years with continued

activities to increase farmers' knowledge in

overcoming drought.

Specifically, there are four types of drought

(Wilhite, 2010), namely:

a. Meteorological Drought This type of drought

refers to a lack of rainfall compared to average

Becoming a Resilient Community Fighting the Drought Disaster

conditions, over a long period of time. The

intensity of the drought is determined by

meteorology.

b. Agricultural Drought Agricultural drought is

defined as a decrease in the availability of

groundwater below the optimum level required by

rice plants at any stage of their growth and reduces

crop yields. The intensity of drought according to

the agricultural definition is assessed by the

percentage of dry leaves. area for rice plants.

c. Hydrological Drought Drought occurs when there

is a decrease in the availability of water on the

surface and underground due to reduced rainfall,

which is characterized by a significant reduction

in surface water flow to below normal conditions

or the cessation of groundwater recharge.

d. Socio-economic drought This type of drought

occurs when there is a disruption in human

activities due to reduced rainfall and water

availability. This form of socio-economic drought

links human activities with meteorological,

agricultural, and hydrological drought elements.

Our planting pattern provides solutions to

farmers by guiding them to the planting pattern that

has been prepared by the government. We provide

socialization based on the computer-based ready-

to-plant web on the siaptanam.bsipkementan.id web.

From the web results for the Lima Kaum Regency

area, the planting pattern for October-March 2025 is

Paddy-Paddy-Paddy, since it is still in the rainy

season. The farming community was very

enthusiastic in following the training provided, in

the socialization session, 25 farmers who were

invited were all present. During the training on

making eco-zymes and arranging planting patterns,

all the invited farmers also came, coincidentally

representatives from the invited group members.

The village head was always present and gave full

support to this activity.

3.4 Making Eco-Enzymes to Increase

the Utilization of Vegetable and

Fruit Waste

Ecoenzyme is a dark brown complex organic

substance solution with a strong fresh sour aroma,

produced from the fermentation of vegetable and fruit

waste with the addition of sugar and water. In general,

ecoenzyme can be used as a multipurpose cleaning

fluid for household purposes such as washing dishes,

mopping, cleaning bathrooms, and so on. Ecoenzyme

Enzyme is fluid dark chocolate fermented from water,

fruit and vegetable skins, and brown sugar in a ratio

of 10 : 3 : 1. Eco Enzyme i s very easy to make,

especially for mothers who have a lot of fruit and

vegetable waste. This liquid can be used as a

household cleaner and as fertilizer and also pesticide

experience which is effective. Eco Enzyme can also

reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming,

provide benefits to marine plants and marine biota,

and reduce pollution. Eco Enzyme is solution

substance organic complex made from the

fermentation process of organic residue, sugar, and

water. (Nisawati and Yahya, 2020).

One of the efforts to boost agricultural

productivity is by applying Eco enzyme to plants

that can be used as natural pesticides and also as

organic fertilizers and bio fertilizers, by using eco

enzymes will also reduce the use of chemical

fertilizers sustainably. The benefits of eco enzymes

for agriculture are as air filters, natural herbicides

and pesticides, reducing indoor smoke, water

filters, natural fertilizers for plants and reducing the

greenhouse effect. How to apply eco enzymes to

rice fields as fertilizer is by spilling eco enzymes

into rice field irrigation. Eco enzymes can also be

used as compost by mixing other ingredients and

adding eco-enzyme liquid. Hopefully eco-enzymes

can be useful for overcoming drought in

agricultural land because the soil will be more

fertile and the organic matter of the soil will

increase.

Types of Waste can be grouped into several

categories, namely: 1) based on origin suggestion, 2)

characteristics, And 3) Form. Types of waste are

divided into 2 (two) types. as follow: 1) rubbish

organic and 2) rubbish inorganic. Rubbish organic is a

type of waste that can be broken down into other

items compost, like remainder food, dry leaves,

vegetables. (Prasetio et al ., 2021). Inorganic waste is

waste that cannot be regenerated and takes a long time

to decompose. However, inorganic waste inorganic

Can recycled repeat into something useful. For

example, plastic bottles, used paper, boxes, and used

cans. Inorganic waste difficult to process into

environmentally friendly materials so that it becomes

an environmental problem. (Muarief et al ., 2023).

Processing of vegetable and fruit waste includes

activities that apply a technoecological agricultural

model, namely utilizing waste from the surrounding

environment and including efforts to increase farmer

productivity in cultivating their land (Wilis, 2017).

This research can increase farmers' knowledge in

overcoming drought by regulating planting patterns,

as well as knowledge in overcoming galodo disasters,

namely by increasing land fertility and making eco-

enzymes, namely multi-purpose solutions. As many

as 80% of the farming community can already do this.

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

In the future, in addition to several stages to deal

with the drought above, we also need to do several

things to prepare for drought with broader disaster

management in order to overcome the various risks

faced by farming communities, namely 1) Complying

with and being alert to weather information from

BMKG, 2) Making water containers, especially used

during the rainy season and sangar means used in the

dry season, 3) Complying with the planting patterns

that have been prepared by the relevant agencies and

trying to plant simultaneously, 4) Increasing land

productivity after the galodo disaster by utilizing

agricultural waste such as making compost, eco-

enzymes, botanical pesticides, processing agricultural

products and others, 5) Land management based on

conservation because nature in this location tends to

be rough.

4 CONCLUSION

Drought can have very broad, complex and long-term

impacts after the drought ends. This broad and long-

term impact is because air is a basic and vital need for

all living things that cannot be replaced by other

resources. The impact on the agricultural sector is

limited irrigation water, reduced planting area,

decreased land productivity, decreased food crop

production, and decreased farmer income.

Meanwhile, from the social sector, drought disasters

can cause widespread division and conflict, including

conflicts between water users and between

governments. The results of this study are: 1)

increased community knowledge and skills in dealing

with drought disasters, 2) increased community

knowledge and skills in maintaining and restoring the

fertility of their rice fields, especially after the Galodo

disaster, 3) increased knowledge and skills in dealing

with drought disasters, regulating planting patterns

especially in adapting to unbalanced dry and rainy

season conditions, 4) increased farmer knowledge in

making Eco Enzyme.

THANK-YOU NOTE

We would like to thank Padang State University and

all parties involved.

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ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science