Examining Young Citizen's Engagement in Ecological Citizenship for

SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review

Maryatun Kabatiah

, Arief Wahyudi

and Surya Dharma

Pancasila and Civic Education Department, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Keywords: Young Citizen Engagement, Ecological Citizenship, Sustainable Development Goals.

Abstract: The type of citizenship known as ecological citizenship invites people, groups, and institutions to consider

their responsibilities to the environment as global citizens and their rights. All contemporary citizenship

models must include the rhetoric of ecological citizenship because, in addition to the demands of humans and

the environment, nature must be protected for human survival and civic values to be upheld. Reviewing the

literature on youth participation in ecological citizenship education for sustainable development is the goal of

this paper. Addressing societal challenges, including environmental ones, requires civic engagement. This

study will employ a multidisciplinary methodology and incorporate theoretical, qualitative, and quantitative

research. Even though there are conflicting views, empirical studies on the SDGs theme continue to emerge.

Through a comprehensive literature analysis, we investigate youth engagement in ecological citizenship and

how it relates to the SDGs in this study. This paper will focus on how to engage young citizens who most

emphasize the dimensions of ecological citizenship. The following is an integrated community engagement

model built based on the knowledge gained from this review. Following a review of the definition and

procedures for civic involvement in ecological citizenship education towards sustainable development, the

findings, gaps in the literature, and the general state of young citizens' engagement in ecological citizenship

education towards sustainable development in literature.

1 INTRODUCTION

To enhance human welfare globally, several countries

have set one of the key agenda items the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs). There are 169

quantifiable milestones and 17 sustainable

development goals on the agenda. Among the 193

nations that have accepted and adopted the SDGs is

Indonesia (Pradan et. al,2017). The following are the

17 goals or pillars of SGDs: (a) The absence of

poverty; (b) hunger; (c) health and happiness; (d) top-

notch education; (e) gender equality; (f) Clean energy

and water; (g) Economic development and

respectable employment; (h) Infrastructure, industry,

and innovation; (i) Infrastructure, industry, and

innovation; (j) Decrease inequality; (k) Sustainable

cities and communities; (l) Conscientious production

and consumption; (m) Climate actions; (n) aquatic

life; (o) terrestrial life; (p) justice, peace, and

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-4768

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-2197

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-2156

robust institutions; and (q) collaboration towards the

objectives (Dalampira et al., 2020).

To ensure that no one is left behind, the current

discussion surrounding sustainability and equally

affluent and developing countries, the 2030 Agenda

of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seeks to

strike a balance between social fairness, economic

advancement, and protecting the environment.

According to the SDG framework, education is

essential for bringing about revolutionary change

(Unicef,2016). The advancement of education and the

chance to pursue education up to higher education are

among the priorities that will become more and more

significant in the future. As centers of higher

education Universities have been important engines

of innovation, economic expansion, and social well-

being on local, national, and international levels

(Alisjahbana, A.S et.al, 2018). Universities are

crucial to accomplishing the SDGs. To promote

global citizenship and introduce knowledge and

innovation to society, universities can help develop

new approaches. Through research, organizational

governance, culture and operations, teaching and

Kabatiah, M., Wahyudi, A. and Dharma, S.

Examining Young Citizen’s Engagement in Ecological Citizenship for SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review.

DOI: 10.5220/0013412300004654

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 241-252

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

241

learning initiatives, and external leadership,

universities may advance the SDGs. Universities are

supposed to play a significant role in this process,

particularly in educating the next generation of

people.

The young citizens in concern are members of the

current generation that is growing and has a

significant effect on the development of a nation. The

younger generation is currently consuming a wide

range of knowledge from several sources, such as the

Internet, official and informal education, and ever

more advanced data and technology of

communication (ICT). Therefore, the younger

generation must be prepared with a set of information

and learn to be an intelligent and good young citizen

if a country has the character of smart and good

citizenship. Good citizens mean citizens who can be

standardized by civic education institutions (Abror et

al., 2019). The concept of "good citizen" concerning

the state and government, as well as between people

and the natural world, is continuously comprehended

and illustrated graphically following the framework

of civic education. As a result, good citizens are

individuals or organizations that have the expertise

and methodical understanding required to take

proactive measures to uphold humanity, live in

harmony with one another and the environment, and

be open, honest, and tolerant. Each of these attributes

of knowing and abilities is the domain of citizen

engagement.

The field of citizen engagement comprises all of

these knowledge and skill attributes. The compulsion

to uphold humanity, empathy, transparency, ethics,

and a broad sense of duty, including to the

environment, are markers of civic engagement

(Karliani, E., et al., 2019). Global and ecological

citizenship serve as the foundation for the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) agenda's emphasis on

citizen engagement, which aims to increase

awareness and highlight rights as well as

responsibilities to the environment and nature.

Ecological citizenship in the interim phase In the

meantime, ecological citizenship necessitates active

environmental participation since it is an endeavor to

preserve and enhance a connection with nature,

including community empowerment and engagement

to accomplish significant conservation behaviors and

results (Soga, M., & Gaston, K.J.,2016). Including

civic engagement and empowerment to achieve

meaningful conservation behaviors and outcomes.

The increasing rate of urbanization that has an impact

is among the several justifications for the significance

of citizen engagement.

The article aims to examine young citizen's

engagement in ecological citizenship education

toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This

will review the literature regarding educating youth

about ecological citizenship to promote sustainable

development. Civic engagement is recognized as an

important process for addressing environmental and

other social issues. Education for ecological

citizenship must reconnect modern human societies

to all other spheres of the living planet and close the

significant cognitive and emotional gap that currently

exists between humans and their environment so that

people will respect and value our planetary life

support system instead of seeing it as a "resource" to

be exploited (Steffen, 2019). Teachers, mentors, and

scientists must encourage environmental citizenship

and engage with other aspects of society to transform

society into one that is more sustainable through

higher education (Hadjichambis, A. Ch, et.al, 2020).

To encourage policymakers to make the right choices

and proceed from calls to action, civil society and the

state must have an open dialogue (Seed, 2019).

Ecological citizenship education ought to equip

people with the skills they need to accomplish this.

Therefore, environmental citizens need political and

communication skills in addition to information,

attitudes, and values focused on sustainability and the

environment to inspire them to take action.

Young

citizens must embrace a new environmental

perspective in light of this dire ecological situation.

Above all, this ecological emergency calls on people

to act to address or at least lessen environmental

issues, which are especially bad in many big cities

across the world. The creation and effective execution

of green policies in their cities can be facilitated by

actively involved residents; certain green policies, for

instance, focus on social and environmental change.

Even while the idea of ecological citizenship has

a lot of potential to inspire people to protect the

environment, several issues need to be resolved. First,

environmental consciousness alone won't motivate

tangible action. In this instance, some people are

well-informed about environmental issues but find it

difficult to apply that information to sustainable

conduct (Asilsoy, B., and Oktay, D., 2018). An

obstacle to adopting a sustainable lifestyle may be the

absence of infrastructure or assistance, such as easy

access to public transit or eco-friendly product

availability (Bourban, M., 2022). Secondly,

disparities exist in the capacity to implement long-

term solutions. Adopting more ecologically friendly

lifestyles is challenging for many community groups

due to social or economic barriers. This leads to

disparities in ecological engagement and highlights

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the necessity of a just and inclusive strategy for

advancing ecological citizenship.

The terms "ecological citizenship", "citizens'

engagement’, “young citizen engagement” and

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” appear to

have interesting linkages given the theoretical

framework that underpins this study. However, a

thorough analysis of these connections has not yet

taken place because these research topics are still in

their infancy and fragmented state. The current

review study's objective is to systematically examine

how young engage in ecological citizenship

education. More precisely, we are interested in the

following question.

RQ 1: What is the ecological Citizenship?

RQ 2: How is Civic Engagement in Ecological

Citizenship Important for Sustainable

Development Development Goals (SDGs)?

RQ 3: How Does Young Citizen Engagement in

Ecological Citizenship for Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs)?

2 METHOD

The examination of empirical research in the fields of

"young citizen," "citizens' engagement," and

"ecological citizenship education" which was

published in peer-reviewed scholarly journals

between 2018 and 2024 is the main objective of this

Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This study was

defined using the widely accepted Preferred

Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and

Metaanalyses (PRISMA) 2020 technique for

systematic literature reviews (Page MJ, et al., 2021).

The data is then examined using the Preferred

Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-

Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 criteria. These

recommendations are applied methodically by

adhering to appropriate research protocols and

incorporating pertinent findings for additional meta-

synthesis. The routine audit processes are

methodically organized and successfully carried out,

leading to different questions about the effectiveness

of this strategy in contrast to those that concern

scientific reasoning.

Based on the PRISMA standards, three steps were

taken: (a) Identification, (b) Screening, and (c)

Eligibility. This study's primary source is a variety of

books about 21st-century teacher pedagogical

competency classes. To include materials in the

current study, the researcher established certain

criteria. For example, between 2017 and 2024,

articles should be published in journals and written in

English. By using national and international

databases, books, book chapters, conference

proceedings, editorial materials, and corrections were

not included in the analysis. The item was then

included for more debate using the process

architecture depicted in Figure 1

Figure 1: Initial Findings Using PRISMA Diagram

Initially, these papers were grouped according to

their titles and keywords. This made it possible for us

to pinpoint research areas that have gained popularity

recently. In the process, we also examined the

similarities across the categories and contrasted the

approaches and findings of each research.

We then

examined the trends in each category and contrasted

the context in which the term "civic engagement"

appears in each publication. We focused especially on

how "information" is handled for young citizens in

this analysis. We looked at how SDGS received

information as well as how young citizens involved

in ecological citizenship understood it.

The articles were screened by researchers through

the process of reading records screened and reports

sought for retrieval. The articles were screened by

researchers through the process of reading their

abstracts. The primary objective of this phase is to

gather pertinent research findings about Young

Citizen's Engagement in ecological citizenship

toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This

Examining Young Citizen’s Engagement in Ecological Citizenship for SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review

243

will be accomplished through an analysis of the

criteria associated with the research scope. The

subsequent section provides a summary of the chosen

research publications.

3 FINDINGS

3.1 Ecological Citizenship

Before elaborating on how young citizens engage in

Ecological Citizenship for Sustainable Development

Goals (SDG). It is important to explain the concept of

ecological citizenship.

Different terms for ecological

citizenship are mentioned in different literature; some

define it as ecological citizenship, while others refer

to it as environmental citizenship. Both, however,

share the same fundamental meaning, which has to do

with citizens' strategic role in solving environmental

issues. The idea of ecological citizenship is still up for

dispute. This idea consists of numerous components.

Environmental literacy, environmental attitudes, and

personal knowledge are necessary but insufficient for

ecological citizenship.

To help humanity deal with global environmental

issues like ozone depletion, climate change, and

anthropogenic mass extinction, ecological citizenship

emerged in the mid-1990s as a revised and broadened

concept of citizenship (Dobson, A., and Sáiz, A. V.

2005). (Hayward 2006). Examining the literature

reveals that four aspects of ecological citizenship are

most frequently highlighted. These include

accountability, sustainability, rights, fairness, and

involvement. An ecological citizen is essentially one

who is accountable for all of the people and things

that he has shared and will continue to share with the

ecosystem.

The idea of ecological citizenship broadens the

range of a citizen's duties to the environment beyond

only following the law; it also includes proactive

measures that promote ecosystem sustainability

(Spannring, 2019). This idea urges everyone to fulfill

their responsibilities as citizens by doing more to

preserve and safeguard the environment. In an

attempt to improve ecological citizenship, a green

constitution also referred to as a "sustainable" was

drafted as a piece of legislation that seeks to promote

environmental behavior changes (Pudjiastuti, S.R.,

2021); (da Silva., 2022).

Additionally, Dobson (2003)

makes it abundantly evident that, within specific

bounds, ecological citizenship is linked to both

environmental rights and citizen obligations.

According to Dobson, every development strategy

put into place in a given area ought to allow for

political participation from the populace and be

informed by environmental preservation.

Therefore, ecological citizenship is an objective

that all societies may support together. Sustainable

environmental development is made possible by the

ecological citizenship movement's dedication.

establish future environmental care practices, young

citizens must be introduced to the idea of ecological

citizenship through environmental ethics from a

young age. Education is one method to put it into

practice. The most crucial element in developing

moral character is education. Humans also become

more concentrated in their conduct, character, and

thought processes as a result of schooling. Therefore,

education is an ongoing process that will never stop

to develop sustainable quality, founded in the

principles of the nation's culture and Pancasila, and

aimed at realizing the figure of a future human being.

3.2 Civic Engagement in Ecological

Citizenship Important for

Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs)

Maintaining the environment's carrying capacity for

life requires a closer ecological connection between

people and the environment. The community needs to

encourage awareness of environmental issues and

respect for the values inherent in nature (Nathania et

al., 2021). Because the natural environment and

human life are closely related and because humans

rely on ecosystems that maintain sustainability,

environmental awareness is crucial. (Niman, 2019).

As the world's population grows and human activity

causes environmental damage, ecological issues have

become more pressing (Chen, R., et al., 2023);

(Wang, H., et al., 2023). Today's sustainability is

threatened by major issues such as pollution, climate

change, and biodiversity loss (Dhital, S., and

Rupakheti, D., 2019); (Malik, I., et al., 2021)

People around the world are affected by

complicated sustainability issues such as biodiversity

loss, climate change, high wealth disparity, and

environmental degradation Because of these

difficulties, ecosystems' ability to operate With

human welfare at risk, solutions that strike a balance

between human activity, The carrying capacity of

supporting ecosystems and the actions of non-human

species are urgently needed (IPCC, 2022);

(Rockström et al., 2021). To produce such solutions,

scientists and practitioners are increasingly

emphasizing the need for greater connectivity

between research and society (Schneider et al., 2019).

They promote collaboration among stakeholders

from many industries and fields to create responses

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that are both scientifically sound and pertinent to

society and to link learning, practical experience, and

knowledge advancement (Pohl et al., 2017), (Caniglia

et al., 2021). Controlling environmental degradation

requires wide engagement in developing

environmental insight. Protecting the environment

against fast economic expansion is known as

sustainable development. In this discourse,

environmental challenges are framed as an effort to

strike the correct balance between social justice,

economic progress, and environmental protection

throughout time and geography (Hysing & Olsson

2018).

Entities and social groups entrusted with striking

a balance between the environmental, social, and

economic facets of development might be influenced

by the concept of sustainable development in their

policies and efforts (Serafini, P.G., et al., 2022);

(Zwolinska, K., et al., 2022). The idea of sustainable

development gained further traction in 2015 with the

introduction of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development, which includes the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) (Leal Filho, W., et al.,

2021); (United Nations, 2015). The Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) agenda's emphasis on

citizen participation, which seeks to raise awareness

and highlight rights as well as duties to the

environment and nature, is based on global and

ecological citizenship. Environmental responsibility

during the period of transition Given that ecological

citizenship is an endeavor to preserve and improve

one's interaction with the natural world, it requires

active environmental participation in the interim. This

includes community empowerment and engagement

to achieve important conservation behaviors and

outcomes.

Ecological citizenship needs to be developed

collaboratively; it won't happen on its own. The goal

of developing suitable technology is to ensure optimal

resource utilization by minimizing or preventing

harm to the environment and nature, as well as to

improve the socioeconomic circumstances of society.

Maintaining a good and healthy environment is a duty

and responsibility of every citizen. Ecological

citizenship is a form of citizenship that encourages

people, groups, and institutions to think about their

rights and obligations to the environment as global

citizens. To develop the character of concerned,

environmentally conscious citizens, ecological

citizenship necessitates a strong commitment to

upholding high moral standards and awareness. As a

prerequisite for putting ecological citizenship into

practice, developing environmental ethics is the first

step in encouraging citizens to actively participate in

environmental protection (Karatekin,2018); (Aulia

et.al., 2018). The goal of ecological citizenship is to

raise awareness of environmental challenges in the

community. The objective is to shift the community's

perspective so that it actively contributes to the

accomplishment of the environmental protection

program's objectives. Sustainable development

requires a shift in how people, institutions, and

organizations behave.

Civic engagement is the voluntary activity and

attitude of involvement associated with civic

responsibility. Active participation in dedicated,

educational, and constructive communal life, with an

emphasis on the common good, is known as civic

engagement. Many fields often use the term “civic

engagement” to describe a variety of topics, but

definitions vary widely. Researchers often discuss

how they operationalize civic engagement without

justifying their choice or mentioning how it can be

related to an underlying civic engagement theory or

framework, assuming that the reader is already

familiar with the concept. Although there is a

perception that civic engagement is a broad concept,

Given the breadth of the concept, it should be more

important to emphasize how one interprets it and how

that view differs from other interpretations found in

the literature. This issue is mentioned in several kinds

of literature (Phan, V., et al, 2023); (Serrat, R.T, et.al,

2021).

The development of ecological policies and

regulations has always been influenced by the

engagement of civic engagement preservation

(Akerboom, S., and Craig, R. K, 2022). Because of

this connection, it is crucial to recognize how

sustainability and social engagement are

interdependent and reinforce one another (Boyle,

2020). The SDGs place a strong emphasis on the

value of multi-stakeholder procedures, especially

when it comes to encouraging civic engagement. Put

another way, in light of the lessons learned from the

Millennium Development Goals, it is imperative to

encourage greater citizen engagement in decision-

making to guarantee the legitimacy and efficacy of

governance: (Ozaki, et al,2022).

The fundamental right to take part in the creation

of the environment should be granted to all citizens.

Long-term, this contributes to the creation of an

ecosystem for environmental management, equity,

and ownership, which leads to sustainable

development. When implemented, sustainable

development results in the built environment's social,

economic, and environmental sustainability. A key

element of sustainable development is civic

engagement, which makes sure that community

members' needs and viewpoints are considered during

Examining Young Citizen’s Engagement in Ecological Citizenship for SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review

245

the planning and execution of sustainable

development initiatives. At every stage of

development, civic engagement in ecological

citizenship is a powerful tool for Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs).

The community has the chance to participate at

every level of development initiatives that are

centered on ecology or the environment. The

planning stage gives the community a chance to offer

concepts, ideas, or opinions on the development

program that will be carried out. If the program is

related to environmental development, the

community can offer suggestions so that the

development is carried out with the environmental

protection principle in mind. Involving the

community in the implementation stage gives them

the chance to contribute labor, resources, and even

ideas or concepts for technical implementation, all of

which are necessary to ensure the development

implementation process runs well.

Basically, in Indonesia, various programs that

support the achievement of SDGs (Sustainable

Development Goals) in the ecological environment

sector have a strong legal basis, both in the form of

laws and government regulations. Where the

community can actively participate in implementing

it through 1) laws Number 7 of 2004 concerning

Water Resources: This rule governs the distribution

and management of water resources in Indonesia,

including ways in which the community participates

in water conservation. 2) Government law Number 6

of 2007 on Social Forestry: This law gives

communities the ability to manage forests sustainably

through social forestry management, which includes

community empowerment in reforestation and the

green village program. 3) Law Number 6 of 2014

about Villages: This law gives villages the ability to

manage their natural potential and take part in

environmental conservation by employing

community-based natural resource management and

the green village program. 3) The Management of

Household Waste and Household-Like Waste

Regulation Number 81 of 2012 The waste

management provisions outlined in this regulation

include community involvement in residential waste

reduction and management.

3.3 The Young Citizen's Engagement

in Ecological Citizenship

Education for Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs)

The most crucial element for a human to live, work,

and engage in other activities is their surroundings.

With the intricate and frequently nonlinear

connections between humans and the environment,

humanity faces numerous sustainability difficulties.

Our comprehension of them is frequently lacking and

partially obscured by significant ambiguities

(Voulvoulis et.al., 2019). The only way to address

today's societal and environmental issues is to match

individual values and actions with political goals and

policies through collaborative efforts. By

transforming society, this will increase our ability as

humans to accomplish sustainable development goals

(Weiland, S., 2021).

The preservation of the

environment, human well-being, and sustained

community wellness are essential to the quality of life

both today and in the future. To guarantee the

objectives set to achieve a sustainable development

citizen and become a developed nation by 2030, the

government or local authorities should not be the only

ones responsible for addressing the issues mentioned.

Sustainable youth knowledge and sustainable

environmental knowledge are also necessary. Given

the numerous environmental concerns, such as water

pollution, climate change, and depleting fuel

resources environmental education is critical for

individuals, especially youth who can drive change.

There is compelling evidence from recent studies

that climate change has a major effect on people's

emotional health worldwide. Young citizens bear a

disproportionate amount of the psychological and

emotional costs associated with climate change, and

they are increasingly seen as a particularly vulnerable

demographic in this regard, as well as being among

the most impacted by climate anxiety (Coffey et al.

2021). Researchers have been studying young

citizens' experiences with climate change and their

different climate-related emotions in recent years

(Marczak et al. 2023; Ágoston et al. 2022).

Given the scale and impact of these

environmental issues, we now need more empowered

and active young citizens who can contribute to

mitigating these extreme socio-environmental issues

(Georgiou, Y, 2021). However, there is still a long

way to go before reaching an adequate level of

interest in sustainability. Young citizens must be able

to balance development and environmental

management. Integrating environmentally friendly

values into development implementation will have a

positive impact on human life in the future. This

concept of development is called the concept of

sustainable development. Sustainable development

describes environmental protection from rapid

economic growth. This discourse frames

environmental issues as an effort to find the right

balance between environmental protection, economic

growth, and social justice across space and time

(Hysing, E., and Olsson, J., 2018).

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Education has the potential to significantly

address the sustainability issues confronting

humanity and is arguably the most significant

instrument for changing attitudes and beliefs (Kioupi,

V., & Voulvoulis, N. 2019). Environmental

citizenship education is regarded as a form of ongoing

education that ought to begin at a young age to instill

environmentally friendly behaviors in daily life and

promote global sustainable development(Cincera, J,

et.al, 2020). Education's involvement in promoting

sustainability in the future is necessary following

sustainable development The goals of sustainable

development are in line with the four environmental

sustainability dimensions: life below water, life on

land, sanitation and water quality, and climate action.

The strategy should be aware of environmental issues

to safeguard the well-being of current and future

generations. (Wendling, J. et al,2020); (Kartika, N. et.

al,2021).

In the middle of the twenty-first century, civic

engagement has emerged as a key area of study

(Laitenen, H., 2018). Research on young citizen

involvement in environmental management as

citizens with rights and responsibilities is still

lacking, nevertheless. One of the pillars for achieving

sustainable development is young citizen's

understanding of the value of conserving and

protecting the environment. Young citizen

engagement in environmental management holds a

significant place (Tindangen, L.S., 2017). Young

citizen engagement can take part in the development

of ecological citizenship as individuals, members of

society, or members of environmental groups.

Protecting the environment is the primary

responsibility of young citizens as persons in the

ecological citizenship movement. Supporting pro-

environmental initiatives is another responsibility of

young citizens as individuals. Young citizens can

volunteer for environmental projects. To train and

accustom society to adopting environmentally

friendly attitudes, the young citizen can impact

society through their ideas and excitement by

educating others through pro-environmental activities

(Silfiana et al., 2019). Young citizens can join

environmental communities as a first step to bolster

the ecological citizenship movement, in addition to

volunteering for environmental projects. Their ability

to make environmentally friendly decisions will

improve as a result of their involvement in

environmental community programs. To enhance,

decrease waste, and lessen environmental harm, the

young citizen who participates in environmental

communities will develop their environmental care

character (Gusmadi, S., 2018). Young citizens are

strategically important to the environmental

movement. They are regarded as environmental

protectors against the harsh effects of economic

growth and development. Environmental

sustainability will be significantly impacted by their

participation in the environmental movement. Young

citizens can be introduced to the effectiveness of

ecologically friendly development can be

demonstrated to people through the movement for

ecological citizenship. The societal movement known

as "ecological citizenship" seeks to shield the

environment from human selfishness.

Pro-environmental conduct results from

environmental awareness, which includes emotional

and cognitive aspects as well as effects on individuals

and society. As a result, having people who actively

engage in society and possess environmental

knowledge, values, attitudes, and skills is crucial. In

ecological citizenship, young citizens are crucial in

encouraging and supporting behavioral changes that

will lead to a better future. To encourage adherence

to environmental citizenship values, people should be

given the authority to accept responsibility for their

actions and the effects they have on the environment

and society (Iversen, E., & Jónsdóttir, G,2019);

(Sinakou, E., et.al, 2019); (Gal & Gan, 2020);

(Telessiene, A., et. al,2021).

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

must be accomplished, Young Citizen Engagement in

Ecological Citizenship Education implements two

key elements. The first is sustainability knowledge,

which is crucial for comprehending pro-

environmental behavior because it entails awareness

and vigilance of sustainability principles and

practices, which can motivate people to take action to

protect the environment and make environmentally

friendly decisions Understanding and applying

information concerning sustainable development is

known as sustainability knowledge. Knowledge of

local cultures that might add to the discussion of

sustainability is known as sustainability knowledge,

(Marcos Merino J.M., et.al, 2020); (Mazzocchi. F.,

,2020).

Regarding young citizens' engagement to

pursue sustainable livelihoods, support democratic

communities, and eventually lead more sustainable

lives, they need to be led and inspired through the

acquisition of information and skills (Blessinger, P.,

et.al, 2021). Young citizen is more inclined to

consider contemporary concerns, ask questions, and

evaluate data to discover answers when they are

continuously aware, conscious, and concerned about

their environment. As time passes, the younger

generation's concern for the environment grows,

maybe as a result of the impact of their parents and

other seniors who understand the value of creating a

sustainable community (Naderi & Steenburg, 2018).

Getting young citizens involved in sustainable

community initiatives is An essential first step in

accomplishing sustainability objectives. This is

because the acquisition of sustainable knowledge

Examining Young Citizen’s Engagement in Ecological Citizenship for SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review

247

requires the observation of favorable alterations in the

emotive and cognitive domains of citizens who care

about the environment. A thorough grasp of

sustainability is ultimately necessary for the

formation of sustainable environmental citizens, and

this can be improved by fostering environmental

consciousness, awareness, and a strong feeling of

duty.

The second is an attitude of sustainability. The

core of a sustainable mindset is a person's thoughts

and actions about sustainable concepts and practices.

It entails considering how one's actions will affect the

environment, society, and economy and making

decisions that support sustainability over the long run.

Additionally, it was corrected by Pedikayil, J.V., et

al. (2023) that adopting a sustainable mindset is

essential to reaching sustainability objectives. On the

other side, youth sustainable attitude describes the

attitudes and convictions of young citizens toward

sustainable development, because young citizens are

essential in promoting change in the direction of

sustainability. Fostering biospheric values and

environmental self-identity in adolescents can

promote their pro-environmental behavior by helping

establish personal standards to act in an

environmentally friendly way (Balunde, A., et al.,

2020); (Lediana, E., et al., 2023). Most young

citizens exhibit a conviction in the necessity for

humans to adjust to and respect the constraints placed

by nature (Kovari, E., et.al, 2023). Furthermore, there

has been a rise in youth activism on sustainability

concerns, suggesting that young sustainability

activists can effect change (Wildemeersch, D., et.al,

2022). The government's numerous programs can

significantly contribute to promoting youth

involvement in environmental initiatives. The

government can encourage young citizens to get

involved in environmental causes by offering

incentives, fostering contact, developing capacity,

and enacting supportive policies Additionally, by

following influencers of ecology on social media who

provide content about sustainability, young citizens

can be motivated to take environmental action. When

combined with environmental awareness and

education, this works especially well (Aden. K,

2023); (Knupfer, H., et.al 2023). Young citizen's

attitudes have always played a big role in determining

the future of the economy, society, and politics.

Young influencers have a significant effect on their

peers, and the opinions they express influence young

citizen's perspectives. Even if sustainability and green

practices are widely acknowledged, fresh, creative,

and inventive solutions are still required. A person's

values about sustainability and the environment have

an impact on their attitudes toward sustainability

(Torkar, G., & Bogner, F.X., 2019). By outlining not

only the duty of governments and international

organizations but also changes in corporate policies

and individual behavior to embrace more sustainable

lifestyles, this emphasizes the need for collective

awareness to achieve the ecological balance

necessary for survival (Ahmad, M., and Satrovic, E.

2024); (Paphitis, K., et al., 2023)

Furthermore, they argue that acquiring

knowledge and developing attitudes are essential to a

holistic approach to developing ecological

citizenship. Gaining knowledge about ecological

issues involves gathering information, but

understanding requires interpreting and analyzing

that information to gain a deeper understanding of the

complex relationships that exist between humans and

the environment. For people to become responsible

and informed citizens who can make informed

judgments about environmental issues, they must

have both knowledge and attitudes. To achieve

equitable environmental governance, young civic

engagement is essential. It increases different voices

in forming environmental policies and decisions,

promotes democratic involvement, and ensures better

ecosystems. Environmental solutions may become

unsustainable, unfair, and unimaginative in the

absence of significant young citizen engagement.

Therefore, it can be said that the young citizens'

engagement in the ecological citizenship movement

is to save the environment. To prevent environmental

harm, the young citizen must first learn self-control to

limit their excessive use of natural resources. One

way that young citizen can personally participate in

the ecological citizenship movement is through their

daily lives and the surroundings in which they live.

For example, segregating organic and non-organic

trash, installing energy- and water-saving devices,

and other energy- and water-saving measures.

Second, it is the responsibility of the young citizen to

promote pro-environmental initiatives on their own.

Young citizens can volunteer for environmental

projects. Young citizen e can have an impact on

society through their ideas and excitement by

educating others through pro-environmental

activities, which will teach and accustom society to

adopting eco-friendly behaviors like using less

plastic. Participating in environmental campaigns via

social media and other digital platforms, as well as

taking part in direct environmental care actions like

tree planting and cleaning up together, are the next

steps. Young citizens can join environmental groups

as a first step to fortify the ecological citizenship

movement, in addition to volunteering for

environmental projects. The young citizen who joins

environmental communities will develop their

environmental care character to enhance, minimize

waste, and damage the environment. They will also

learn how to make better decisions by taking part in

activities in environmental communities.

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4 CONCLUSION

Ecological citizenship is an objective that all societies

may support together. Sustainable environmental

development is made possible by the ecological

citizenship movement's dedication The fundamental

right to take part in the creation of the environment

should be granted to all citizens. Long-term, this

contributes to the creation of an ecosystem for

environmental management, equity, and ownership,

which leads to sustainable development. When

implemented, sustainable development results in the

built environment's social, economic, and

environmental sustainability. A key element of

sustainable development is civic engagement, which

makes sure that community members' needs and

viewpoints are considered during the planning and

execution of sustainable development initiatives. At

every stage of development, civic engagement in

ecological citizenship is a powerful tool for

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

To achieve the SDGs, Young Citizen

Engagement in Ecological Citizenship Education

implements two key elements. The first is

sustainability knowledge, which is crucial for

comprehending pro-environmental behavior because

it entails awareness and vigilance of sustainability

principles and practices, which can motivate people

to take action to protect the environment and make

environmentally friendly decisions Understanding

and applying information concerning sustainable

development is known as sustainability knowledge.

The second is an attitude of sustainability. The core

of a sustainable mindset is a person's thoughts and

actions about sustainable concepts and practices. It

entails considering how one's actions will affect the

environment, society, and economy and making

decisions that support sustainability over the long run.

Young citizens can join environmental groups

as a first step to fortify the ecological citizenship

movement, in addition to volunteering for

environmental projects. The young citizen who joins

environmental communities will develop their

environmental care character to enhance, minimize

waste, and damage the environment. They will also

learn how to make better decisions by taking part in

activities in environmental communities.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank Universitas Negeri Medan

and all the people involved.

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