Transformation of Identity and Social Interaction in Multicultural

Society in IKN Nusantara

Harmanto

, Siti Maizul Habibah

, Beti Indah Sari

, Rooselyna Ekawati

Fida Rachmadiarti

, Sarmini

Nadi Suprapto

, Yuni Sri Rahayu

, Irena Yolanita Maureen

Ali Shodikin

, Rudianto Artiono

, Muhamad Arif Mahdiannur

, Indah Prabawati

and Dila Lintang Harmanto Putri

Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java, Indonesia

Keywords: Identity, Social Interaction, Multicultural, Society, IKN Nusantara.

Abstract: This study explores the transformation of social identity and social interaction of ASN in a multicultural

society in IKN Nusantara. Using a qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with ASN

leaders, this study found that ASN in IKN Nusantara developed an inclusive collective identity and valued

cultural diversity. Interaction between groups was intensive and constructive, with multiculturalism seen as a

core value that strengthens social cohesion. The results of this study differ from findings in other big cities in

Indonesia, where social segregation is more common. The implications of this study emphasize the

importance of design policies and environments that support multiculturalism in new cities to build strong

social cohesion. Limitations of the study include the limited sample of ASN leaders and the context of new

cities, with suggestions to expand the study to various levels of ASN and other regions for more

comprehensive results.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a country with high cultural, linguistic,

and religious diversity, making it a real example of a

multicultural society. The identities of people in

various regions of Indonesia are greatly influenced by

different ethnic backgrounds, customs, and local

values. The development of the Indonesian Capital

City (IKN) in East Kalimantan creates new

opportunities for interaction between diverse groups,

but also challenges the existing concepts of identity

and social cohesion. In this context, the

transformation of identity and social interaction in a

multicultural society is a very relevant issue to be

studied further. The problem raised in this study is

how changes in identity and social interaction in the

IKN Nusantara community occur in the midst of a

dynamic social transformation process(Wijaya,

2020). Based on several previous studies, interactions

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6149-3942

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-417X

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-0230

between diverse groups often give rise to challenges

in the form of identity conflicts, marginalization, and

discrimination (Permana & Setiawan, n.d.). However,

previous studies often focus on long-established

urban communities such as Jakarta, Bandung, or

Surabaya, without paying special attention to new

cities that are developing. Different from previous

studies, this study will explore aspects of identity

transformation in the IKN Nusantara environment

which is still under development, so it is expected to

provide a new perspective in the study of multicultural

society in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to identify the process

of identity transformation and social interaction

patterns in the IKN Nusantara society which is

multicultural, and to examine the factors that influence

social cohesion in the area. This study is expected to

provide theoretical and practical contributions,

especially in developing an inclusive and effective

Harmanto, , Habibah, S. M., Sari, B. I., Ekawati, R., Rahmadiarti, F., Sarmini, , Suprapto, N., Rahayu, Y. S., Maureen, I. Y., Shodikin, A., Artiono, R., Madiannur, M. A., Prabawati, I. and Putri,

D. L. H.

Transformation of Identity and Social Interaction in Multicultural Society in IKN Nusantara.

DOI: 10.5220/0013411900004654

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 229-233

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

229

policy approach for the development of new cities that

are socio-culturally diverse.

The benefits of this study can be divided into

several aspects. First, from an academic perspective,

this study is expected to add to the literature on

identity change in the context of developing new

multicultural cities. Second, in practice, the results of

this study can help policy makers and stakeholders in

designing social programs that support social

integration without eliminating the cultural richness

of the existing community(Balbo & Marconi, 2006;

Birdie, 2021). Finally, this study can be a reference

for local and central governments in developing

strategies to minimize the potential for social conflict

in the IKN Nusantara.

Currently, it shows that the development of the

IKN Nusantara is accompanied by the movement of

people from various regions with different cultures

and social backgrounds. This condition has the

potential to create complex social

dynamics(Bauböck, 2001; Hoon, 2017)s. In addition,

the assimilation process expected from the

development of the Indonesian capital will create its

own challenges in maintaining harmony between

groups, especially related to issues of identity and

social roles that may differ between groups that have

long settled and groups of immigrants. This condition

shows the urgent need for a deeper understanding of

social interaction in the midst of the ongoing

transformation process.

This research is important because it presents a

study that can be a reference in the development of

new cities with multicultural characteristics in the

future, not only in Indonesia but also in various

countries that are building multicultural urban areas.

The novelty of this research lies in the context and

approach used. Through this research, the theoretical

approach to identity transformation will be tested in

the context of new city development with distinctive

social dynamics, so that it is expected to provide new

contributions to the study of identity transformation in

multicultural societies. The uniqueness of this

research is its focus on the initial process of forming

social cohesion in an environment that is still in the

planning stage, which is expected to provide different

insights compared to previous studies that were more

focused on established large cities.

Thus, this research has originality in the context

of the study of the development of the Indonesian

IKN based on multiculturalism, while also providing

new knowledge about how the city development

process can play a role in forming collective identity

and social interaction patterns in diverse societies.

2 METHOD

This study uses a qualitative approach with the Focus

Group Discussion (FGD) method to identify the

transformation of identity and social interaction in a

multicultural society in IKN Nusantara. The FGD

was conducted with the leaders of the State Civil

Apparatus (ASN) who have a strategic role in

managing the work environment in IKN. By

involving ASN leaders, this study aims to gain in-

depth insights into the views, strategies, and

challenges in building social cohesion amidst cultural

diversity. The FGD was carried out face-to-face

involving 78 ASN leaders selected through purposive

sampling. The meeting took place in IKN Nusantara

in two main sessions, each lasting two hours. In each

session, ASN leaders were encouraged to share their

views on how cultural diversity affects social

interaction and collective identity in their work

environment. Data Analysis: The results of the FGD

were analyzed using thematic analysis methods to

identify the main themes that emerged in the

discussion. This process includes transcription,

coding, and grouping data based on categories such

as social identity, intergroup interaction, and

multiculturalism. To ensure the reliability and

validity of the data, a triangulation process was

carried out by comparing data from various FGD

sessions and additional interviews with several ASN

leaders. In addition, the findings were discussed again

with the respondents to ensure accurate interpretation.

This FGD method provides an in-depth

understanding of the dynamics of identity and social

interaction in the IKN Nusantara, and opens up space

for ASN leaders to express their unique perspectives.

This approach allows the study to dig deeper into the

perceptions and strategies of leadership in building

social integration in a newly formed multicultural

society.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Social Identity Transformation:

From Regional Identity to

Collective Identity

The results of the discussion showed that ASN

leaders in IKN Nusantara actively strive to build an

inclusive social identity and prioritize a sense of unity

amidst cultural diversity. One ASN leader said, "Our

identity in IKN is more than just cultural differences.

We are trying to form a new identity as 'IKN

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

230

employees' who respect differences."

This finding shows that ASN in IKN are starting

to develop a more open collective identity and respect

cultural diversity. This is different from previous

research, which showed that social identities in

multicultural environments in big cities are often

more exclusive and focused on certain ethnic or

religious groups (Rahmawati, 2021). This inclusive

identity transformation process supports social

identity theory, which states that collective identity

can develop and change according to the social

environment (Janoski, 2012).

The results of the study show that ASN in IKN

Nusantara, especially leaders, adopt a more inclusive

collective identity as "IKN employees." In the FGD

discussion, ASN leaders acknowledged that this

identity transformation occurred through an

adaptation process triggered by a new environment

that required them to interact with individuals from

various cultural backgrounds. This process is relevant

to Tajfel & Turner's (1979) social identity theory,

which states that individual identities in social groups

can develop according to the existing social

context(Joppke, 2002; Roche, 2002).

In IKN, the formation of this collective identity is

supported by several specific factors. First, the

government explicitly designed IKN Nusantara as a

multicultural city with policies that emphasize

cultural integration. ASN leaders in IKN have the

responsibility to translate this policy into daily

practice, encouraging them to prioritize unity and

togetherness above ethnic or cultural differences. One

ASN leader said, "We work for one goal as part of the

'IKN community'. This is not just about work, but

about how to build a city together from the beginning

by respecting all existing differences."

In contrast to previous studies that found a

tendency for individuals to maintain a strong regional

identity in big cities, such as Jakarta and Surabaya

(Habibah & Setyowati, 2022; Rahmawati, 2021),

where local identity often causes social segregation,

in IKN the collective identity as part of the “IKN

community” tends to be more prominent. These

results support the idea that new conditions in IKN

allow social identity to be more dynamic and more

inclusive of the various cultures involved. Intergroup

Interaction: Strengthening Social Cohesion Amidst

Diversity

Social interaction between ASN groups in IKN is

recognized as quite high, with systematic efforts to

encourage integration between employees from

different cultural backgrounds. For example, a

respondent said, "We routinely hold cross-unit

meetings involving employees from various regions.

This allows them to get to know each other and work

together better." This result is supported by the

finding that 85% of ASN leaders felt an increase in

constructive social interaction in the work

environment.

This study found that more intensive interaction

in IKN differs from previous findings in Jakarta and

Surabaya, where cross-cultural interaction was often

hampered by rigid cultural boundaries (Habibah et

al., 2020; Litiloly, 2020). In IKN, the new work

environment and development orientation that

prioritizes inclusivity allow ASN from various

backgrounds to interact more easily. This finding

supports contact theory, which states that ongoing

interaction between different groups can reduce

prejudice and strengthen social ties (Li et al., 2017).

The research findings show that interactions

between groups in the IKN Nusantara are more

intense and constructive than in other big cities in

Indonesia. In particular, ASN leaders in the IKN

actively encourage cross-cultural activities involving

employees from various backgrounds. This finding

supports the contact theory proposed, which states

that direct and ongoing interaction between different

social groups can reduce prejudice and encourage

social cohesion (Gezer, 2019; Reichert, 2011).

The new IKN environment allows ASN from

various regions to interact without cultural

boundaries or established prejudices. One respondent

said, "We can't work by just maintaining the

interaction patterns from our respective home areas.

Everyone here is new and we have to adapt to each

other." This indicates that the IKN as a new city

provides an opportunity for each individual to start

social relationships in a more open way. Unlike

previous studies that showed social fragmentation in

big cities, social interactions in the IKN are more

fluid because there is no social hierarchy based on

long-standing cultural groups (Habibah & Sapriyah,

2022; Ibrahim, 2010).

In addition, intense interaction in IKN Nusantara

is also strengthened by the existence of social

structures and work activities designed to integrate

employees from various cultural backgrounds. For

example, the implementation of cross-departmental

programs encourages ASN from various cultures to

work together and communicate, which in turn

strengthens their social ties. This study provides

empirical evidence that with a supportive and open

environment, interaction between groups can

strengthen social cohesion, relevant to Berry's (2001)

view on the importance of integration in the

acculturation process in a multicultural society.

Transformation of Identity and Social Interaction in Multicultural Society in IKN Nusantara

231

3.2 Intergroup Interaction:

Strengthening Social Cohesion

amidst Diversity

Social interaction between ASN groups in IKN is

recognized as quite high, with systematic efforts to

encourage integration between employees from

different cultural backgrounds. For example, a

respondent said, "We routinely hold cross-unit

meetings involving employees from various regions.

This allows them to get to know each other and work

together better." This result is supported by the

finding that 85% of ASN leaders felt an increase in

constructive social interaction in the work

environment.

This study found that more intensive interaction

in IKN differs from previous findings in Jakarta and

Surabaya, where cross-cultural interaction was often

hampered by rigid cultural boundaries (Habibah et al.,

2023; Prosser, 2012). In IKN, the new work

environment and development orientation that

prioritizes inclusivity allow ASN from various

backgrounds to interact more easily. This finding

supports Allport's (1954) contact theory, which states

that ongoing interaction between different groups can

reduce prejudice and strengthen social ties (Balbo &

Marconi, 2006).

The research findings show that interactions

between groups in the IKN Nusantara are more

intense and constructive than in other big cities in

Indonesia. In particular, ASN leaders in the IKN

actively encourage cross-cultural activities involving

employees from various backgrounds. The new IKN

environment allows ASN from various regions to

interact without cultural boundaries or established

prejudices. One respondent said, "We can't work by

just maintaining the interaction patterns from our

respective home areas. Everyone here is new and we

have to adapt to each other." This indicates that the

IKN as a new city provides an opportunity for each

individual to start social relationships in a more open

way. Unlike previous studies that showed social

fragmentation in big cities, social interactions in the

IKN are more fluid because there is no social

hierarchy based on long-standing cultural groups

(Stupar et al., 2014). In addition, intense interaction

in IKN Nusantara is also strengthened by the

existence of social structures and work activities

designed to integrate employees from various cultural

backgrounds.

The main difference of this study compared to

previous studies lies in the context and social

processes that occur in IKN Nusantara as a new city.

In other big cities, such as Jakarta or Surabaya, social

identity is often formed from a strong regional or

ethnic identity, thus creating social boundaries in

interactions between groups (Erningtyas & Widianto,

2021). In contrast, in IKN Nusantara, the process of

social identity transformation is more flexible and

inclusive. This new city provides an opportunity for

ASN to develop a collective identity that focuses on

common goals as “IKN citizens.”

In addition, social interactions in IKN tend to be

more open and inclusive, supported by

government policies and an environment that does not

yet have a rigid social structure like in big cities. This

study confirms that the formation of a new city with

a multicultural vision allows for more effective social

integration compared to established big cities, where

social segregation is often more difficult to overcome.

This study makes an important contribution to

strengthening the theory of social identity and social

contact in the context of a new multicultural city. IKN

Nusantara becomes a social laboratory where ASN

from various backgrounds can form a new collective

social identity, while cross-cultural social interactions

occur intensively. This finding emphasizes the

importance of creating conditions that support

positive social interactions in a multicultural society,

which is relevant to Allport's contact theory and

Berry's study of acculturation. Practically, the results

of this study have implications for government policy

in designing multicultural policies in new cities or

other urban areas. The integration of multiculturalism

values in the work environment in IKN shows that

cultural diversity can be managed positively to create

social cohesion and work productivity. This study

also has novelty in the context of the formation of a

new multicultural city, such as IKN, which can be an

example for the development of other cities in

Indonesia.

CONCLUSION

This study aims to understand the transformation of

identity and social interaction in a multicultural

society in IKN Nusantara, especially among ASN.

The results of the study indicate that ASN in IKN

Nusantara developed a new collective identity as

“IKN employees” who are more inclusive and respect

cultural cultures. Social interactions between groups

also take place intensively and constructively,

indicating that a new city environment such as IKN

allows for effective social integration. ASN in IKN

perceive multiculturalism as a core value that

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

232

enriches social interaction and collaboration, in

contrast to findings in other big cities in Indonesia

that often show social segregation. The implications

of this study suggest that a new city with a

multicultural vision, such as IKN Nusantara, can be a

model

for

the

development

other

cities

Indonesia. The government and policy makers can

consider IKN as an example in building an inclusive

and cohesive society, especially by designing an

environment that encourages cross-cultural

interaction and promotes a collective identity that

values differences. This is relevant to the

implementation of multicultural policies and social

integration strategies, both in new cities and in other

urban areas. Further research is recommended to

involve various levels of ASN and other social groups

in the IKN to gain a more comprehensive

understanding of the social dynamics in this new city.

In addition, similar research can be conducted in other

major cities in Indonesia to explore the differences

and similarities in the process of identity

transformation and social interaction in various

regions. Quantitative or mixed methods approaches

can also be considered to increase the validity of the

results and allow for broader generalization.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We extend our sincere gratitude to the Research and

Community Service Institute (LPPM) of Universitas

Negeri Surabaya for providing the funding support

essential to the completion of this research.

REFERENCES

Balbo, M., & Marconi, G. (2006). International migration,

diversity and urban governance in cities of the South.

Habitat International, 30(3), 706–715.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.20

05.04.004

Bauböck, R. (2001). Bhikhu Parekh Rethinking

Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political

Theory Cherishing diversity and promoting political

community. CA and New Delhi), 11(11).

Birdie, A. K. (2021). Cross-Cultural Exposure and

Connections: Intercultural Learning for Global

Citizenship. In Cross-Cultural Exposure and

Connections: Intercultural Learning for Global

Citizenship.

Erningtyas, T., & Widianto, A. A. (2021). Toleransi

antarumat beragama dan relasinya terhadap

pemeliharaan kebudayaan masyarakat Desa Pancasila,

Sukoreno, Umbulsari, Jember. Jurnal Integrasi Dan

Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial,

1(2). https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i2p142-150 Gezer,

M. Ü. (2019). Looking through the multicultural

glass: Re-examination of syrian refugee children education

in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics,

5(2). https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.599275

Habibah, S. M., & Setyowati, R. R. N. (2022). Moderasi

Beragama dalam Upaya Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi

Pada Generasi Z. Jurnal Keindonesiaan, 02(01), 126–

135.

Hoon, C. Y. (2017). Putting Religion into Multiculturalism:

Conceptualising Religious Multiculturalism in

Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 41(3).

https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1334761

Ibrahim, M. (2010). The use of community based learning

in educating college students in Midwestern USA.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 392–

396. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.

2010.03.032

Janoski, T. (2012). Momentous Change in Citizenship over

Centuries: From Wasps to Locomotives in the

Development and Sequencing of Rights. In Citizenship

and Civil Society.

https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139174787.007

Joppke, C. (2002). Multicultural Citizenship. In B. S.

Turner (Ed.), Handbook of Citizenship Studies. Sage

Publication.

Li, C. R., Lin, C. J., Tien, Y. H., & Chen, C. M. (2017). A

Multilevel Model of Team Cultural Diversity and

Creativity: The Role of Climate for Inclusion. Journal

of Creative Behavior, 51(2).

https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.93

Litiloly, A. (2020). Implementasi Kebijakan Penguatan

Moderasi Beragama Di Lingkungan Kementerian

Agama Kota Ambon. Jurnal 12 Waiheru, 6(1).

Permana, S. U., & Setiawan, M. U. (n.d.). PENGUATAN

MODERASI BERAGAMA MELALUI PEACE

EDUCATION GUNA MEWUJUDKAN JURNALISME

DAMAI.

Prosser, M. H. (2012). K.S. Sitaram, an early

interculturalist: Founding the field May 6, 1970.

International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(6),

857–868.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.

016

Rahmawati, D. (2021). Dinamika Identitas Sosial dalam

Masyarakat Multikultural di Kota Besar Indonesia.

Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya, 18(2), 225–240.

Reichert, E. (2011). Human rights in social work: An

essential basis. Journal of Comparative Social Welfare,

27(3), 207–22

Transformation of Identity and Social Interaction in Multicultural Society in IKN Nusantara

233