Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management

Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

Peribadi

, Irwan Abbas

, Ahmad Levi Fachrul Avivy

, Bayu Taufiq Possumah

and

Laode Monto Bauto

Department of Sociology Study Faculty Halu Oleo University, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University Ternate, North Maluku,

Indonesia

Institut Agama Islam Tazkia, Bogor Indonesia

Keywords: Strategy, Sustainable Development, Prophetic, Mining Industrialization.

Abstract: This study aims to formulate a prophetic-based sustainable development strategy as an anticipatory effort for

the existence of nickel mining industrialization with its various problems in the community. The qualitative

approach in the context of the study of phenomenology is used as an effort to design a strategic formulation

and develop critical studies of various phenomena, realities, and hyperreality that come to the fore through

observation instruments, deep interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The results showed the

existence of the nickel mining industry with its various implications in the context of socio-economic,

deforestation, environmental degradation, ecosystems, and the phenomenon of social conflict. On that basis,

an integral and interdependent sustainable development strategy is needed between the components of social,

economic, cultural, ecological and social development. However, in order for the sustainable development

strategy to be more functional, it should be used by development actors who have intelligence (spiritual

intellectuals) as Prophetic humans who have personal toughness and social resilience. Because in fact, only

development actors as a product of Prophetic Education are able to overcome the various problems that are

held as a result of the tempest and the storm of mining industrialization.

1 INTRODUCTION

The mining industry as industrialization can open up

jobs and job opportunities for community members.

Work in the industry gives birth to entrepreneurs who

create and manage the workforce, just as British

industrialization gives birth to entrepreneurship and

corporate bureaucracy (Bendix, 2019). Similarly,

industrialization gave birth to the building and

infrastructure construction sector, including social

development, transportation of goods for sustainable

development, and urbanization. (Alaloul et al., 2021).

It also raises the attractiveness of migrants as

laborers, which is very important to maintain and

develop the mining industry (Galaz-Mandakovic &

Amaro, 2021). The new mining industry provides

new opportunities to support domestic companies and

stimulate industrialization but requires state

intervention through pro-labor and industry policies

(Radley, 2020). Mining resources play a strategic

role in long-term development, and the decline of

mining is determined by their conservation and

secondary habitat (Zhang et al., 2019). The

industrialization of mining provides an opportunity

for citizens to earn income. The diffusion of

modernization is characterized by industrialization

determining the income level of society, although

there are accompanying negative impacts including

Collective action in defense of the environment

(Guimarães, 2019). The industrialization of mining

gives rise to development strategies to increase the

availability and access of water, different

technologies in treating wastewater and its use in a

sustainable manner (Shengo Lutandula & Ilunga

Mpanga, 2021).

Mining industrialization improves human

intervention against improper land use, erosion and

expansion of industrialized settlements themselves,

and flood risk management, prevention, and

reduction of natural disasters (Osei et al., 2021).

Peribadi, , Abbas, I., Avivy, A. L. F., Possumah, B. T. and Bauto, L. M.

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi.

DOI: 10.5220/0013407400004654

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science (ICHELS 2024), pages 189-204

ISBN: 978-989-758-752-8

189

Mining industrialization that develops on the basis of

comparative advantage and balance, can resolve

conflicts and contribute to policy design references

(Jiang et al., 2021). Mining Industrialisation

contributes to thechnological transformation

(Sánchez, 2020). The public can reduce the driving

factors of social conflict (Cesar & Jhony, 2021).

The industrialization of mining has an impact on

the opportunity to open up new types of jobs and

social mobility. Mining industrialization goes hand in

hand with urban development, a number of new

businesses have emerged, such as casinos and local

jobs towards long-term economic growth (Young &

Markham, 2020). Local industry plays a role in

economic resilience and overcoming shocks, needs

great attention to the relationship between local

industries, especially with regard to the development

of new local industrial strategies (Kitsos et al., 2019).

Sustainable economic development requires

aknowledge-based global workforce, this gives birth

to a potentially skilled and innovative workforce (H.

Li, 2020). An industrialization company that meets

the requirements of economic, social and cultural

capital and social mobility based on professional or

managerial work and accounting (Paisey et al., 2020).

And the existence of an industrialization has

increased migration, and it has given rise to a multy-

ethnic society (Rahman et al., 2019)

Mining industrialization is an effort to explore

mining materials to prosper the community. Mining

activities have affected people's well-being, such as

conscription rates and mortality rates, and have

addressed welfare concerns using Health policies

(García-Gómez & Pérez-Cebada, 2020). That there is

a link between ecology and social welfare, means that

it requires integrated eco-social policies, such as

environmental development, transportation planning,

and green urban planning (J. Khan et al., 2020). The

welfare system is related to social resilience, where

the community is able to overcome adverse events at

the family, national and international levels

(Pereirinha & Pereira, 2021).

Social resilience requires efforts towards social

sustainability, it is intended as sustainable

development towards community welfare (Doğu &

Aras, 2019). Industrialization as a social

development based on social capital through the spirit

of mutual cooperation, mutual trust, mutual

assistance, poverty alleviation, unemployment

reduction and reducing crime rates (Busthanul et al.,

2021).

The achievement of community welfare is a

common will between the government, private

companies and the community. The achievement of

welfare as a will for interstate partnership and skills

training, the emphasis is gender equality, program

decentralization, multi-sectoral concepts in sector

approaches, as well as political processes and

governance (Kennedy et al., 2020). A state policy as

a solution towards prosperity such as job creation,

adaptasi and implementation of new policies, public

awareness and empowerment programs (Ibrahim &

Ahmad, 2020).

It requires joint steps from the central

government, local government, private sector,

community, family towards order and community

welfare, such as providing legal counseling on social

ills of the community to the community, people are

increasingly introspective and aware not to engage in

deviant activities against the law (Yudhistira & Kalo,

2019).

Good governance directs sustainable social

development, utilizes skills and technology, promotes

a competitive business environment, increases

accountability, and improves education and skills

development systems, faster growth, better public

services, and adequate environmental management

(Dhaoui, 2022). Similarly, the government's attention

to business opportunities for every citizen, through

capacity building, motivation and monitoring, skills

training and infrastructure availability (Onuche et al.,

2020). In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention

to mental health factors, condition joy and improve

the natural quality of life (Downs et al., 2019).

But the reality of mining industrialization leads to

the goal of materialism. Materialism is embraced by

adolescents for role models from mothers, fathers,

siblings, and peers, including media exposure and

socioeconomic status (Zawadzka et al., 2022).

Materialism as a way of life characterized by the

pursuit of property, image, and status, is seen as self-

interest, and in the context of public versus private

plays a moderate role between materialism and pro-

environmental behavior, whereby personally,

individuals with higher levels of materialism are less

environmentally friendly (L. Wang et al., 2019). At

this time a new materialism emerged that had a

concern for the relationship of theology to the

environment, it was intended to overcome these

difficulties, materialism New such as distributed

agents and transcendence faced environmental and

digital challenges. (Reader, 2021).

Personal value has grown in the form of

materialism and ecological awareness, where

materialism promotes positive impacts, and

ecological awareness by increasing the perceived

benefits (Wu et al., 2021). The current school of

materialism has been practiced in everyday life

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

190

starting with materials and streams that provide food,

power, clothing, and other basic needs (Blok, 2021).

There is a negative link between materialism and

well-being, m aterialist with a high level of

neuroticism and low grandiose narcissism

experiencing a decrease in well-being compared to

materialism with a low level of neuroticism and a

high level of grandiose narcissism (Górnik-Durose,

2020)

The nickelmining industry and the heavy trucks

hauling nickel soil that are constantly racing at high

speed, as it were, is a race of cars circling a cyrcuit in

the middle of a forest that as one of the signs of nature

succumbing to modernization and unlimited

industrialization. Deindustrialization as the main

burden on the health of workers, deindustrialization

generates divisions in economic production, leading

to loss of jobs and incomes, increased exploitation,

social inequality, and disruption of services, and

fractions result in material shortages, job tensions,

fatalism, increased household workload, anomie,

community disintegration, and Alienation (Scheiring

& King, 2022). The application of technology to

industrialization creates social impacts such as future

expectations and prosperity, but on the other hand

such as occupational health and safety (Matos et al.,

2019).

Social environmental disturbances occur social

changes, especially in the overall group structure,

network associations, and individual sociality (V. R.

Franks et al., 2020). Stress and emotional occur when

dealing with work, that during COVID-19 shows that

workers who work from home are more likely to feel

satisfied than working on the front lines, and those

who do not work from home report higher levels of

stress associated with lack of communication about

well-being (Fleming & Brown, 2021). The Covid-19

pandemic has implications for different mechanisms

and production, this is influenced by market

disruptions, so it requires social assistance (Manlosa

et al., 2021)

There is a reality of loss of fauna or extinction of

another kind that is so beautiful, but more

fundamentally, we also lose the sense of belonging to

the universe. An imbalance of ecositems gives rise to

various diseases. The emergence of a deadly disease

gives rise to daily acts of violence or resistance to

control measures (Wilkinson & Fairhead, 2017).

On the other hand, it gives rise to a lot of

traditional knowledge about edible wild plants, the

emergence of pemahaman using natural resources,

the ecological environment is integrated with the

community, encourages biodiversity and cultural

diversity, even gives rise to the diversity of the

cultivation of wild plants that can be eaten by local

communities can be a solution for the use of natural

resources that sustainable and to preserve endangered

species (Cao et al., 2020).

Modernization has eliminated the essential

elements that are spiritual values, so that modern

society is in crisis, thus requiring prophetic law as a

guide for human life to achieve happiness in the world

and in the hereafter, because prophetic law cannot be

separated between the physical (formal) body and

transcendental values (Absori & Nugroho, 2019).

Although there is a perspective that religion can be

regarded as a barrier that hinders the ability to

integrate into society (Conner, 2019). Economic

shocks to economic openness affect economic

resilience, but require a balanced regional policy

approach, focused on industrialization, while

incorporating elements to support economic

resilience (Pretorius et al., 2021).

All components of society especially the local

elite seem to no longer care about the loneliness and

fauna mentioned above. Everything seems to be

contaminated and hypnotized with a collection of

materials racing like a car race clinking at high speed

so that natural damage occurs, including fire disasters

and thick smoke will be the culmination point of the

destruction.

Natural damage impacts on hazards that can cause

economic damage to natural infrastructure and

ecosystems, extensive mining activities have seen

increased human intervention into natural water

bodies through degradation of vegetation in

watersheds, improper land use change, soil erosion

and expansion of paved surface area for settlement

and industrialization (Osei et al., 2021).

Disaster triggered by natural hazards began to be

perceived as an unnatural occurrence. To date,

economic security and economic resilience,

interacting with the dangers themselves (Noy &

Yonson, 2018). That the increasingcomplexity,

number and severity of natural and man-made

disasters, needs efforts to increase the resilience, of

various types of systems, including those of a social,

engineering and resilient ecological environment

(Žilėnienė, 2014).

It has also had an impact on the impoverishment

of the community, requires investment in shaping

activities, accompanied by empowerment programs,

requireswisdom and programs that are successful and

cost-effective (Nandi & Nedumaran, 2021). Thishas

further created unemployment, dispossession,

hunger, and social conflict, and governance in a

fragile health care system exacerbating people's

anxiety, in addition to natural disasters such as floods,

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

191

cyclones, and other infectious diseases. (Shammi et

al., 2020). Will we continue to let the future younger

generation become potential patients of mental

hospitals in the future. Everything depends on the

whole component of the various structures of the

society of the nation and the state.

Based on the ideal phenomenon of mining

industrialization, compared to the phenomenon of

negative effects, there needs to be anticipatory efforts

to overcome the storm from the materialism effects of

mining industrialization. The anticipatory effort is to

carry out a sustainable development strategy, this is

intended to maintain and preserve the

industrialization of mining. The positive effects of

such efforts can take place on an ongoing basis.

Another anticipatory effort is to build people. A

mining industrialization business requires humans

who can maintain and maintain its sustainability. The

human being is a prophetic human being who is able

to suppress the negative effects of mining

industrialization.

The conceptual framework in this study starts

from the formulation of a sustainable development

strategy based on economic, social, ecological and

religious development that is integrally and

interdependently intertwined. Specifically for the

value of religiosity injected into the paradigm of

sustainable development in question, it is correlated

with the paradigm of prophetic-based human

development. In this context, the Prophetic values

that are the source of inspiration and at the same time

as material for the formulation of the Prophetic

human development strategy are the six Pillars of

Faith, and the five Pillars of Islam and one Ikhsan.

Thus, it is desirable that the Prophetic human

development strategy can give birth to and shape the

Prophetic man as an actor and actress of development

who has a balance of thinking and acting spiritually,

socially, ecologically, scientifically, politically and

economically. How anxious and now it has become a

harsh reality that if the two development strategies are

not implemented immediately, then various

calamities and social disasters will come to the fore

and thunder to the surface. However, if the

implementation of this sustainable development

strategy and prophetic human development strategy is

successfully implemented, then mining

industrialization is also sustainable from generation

to generation without damage to the socioeconomic

environment and the natural environment. This

research uses the paradigm of constructivism and

phenomenological studies as qualitative approaches.

In an effort to obtain primary data from the field,

participatory obervation instruments and in-depth

interviews and Forum Group Discussions are used.

2 RESEARCH AND METHOD

This research uses the paradigm of constructivism as

an effort to construct an alternative development

paradigm model that refers to as many as nine types

of development paradigms that have developed and

have been used interchangeably so far. This paradigm

of constructivism holds the view that social reality

that comes to the fore and is formed into a social

construction, is actually the result of creation based

on the interpretation of a person or group of people

towards the surrounding environment. In this context,

the author uses the study of phenomenology as a

qualitative approach that falls under the umbrella of

the paradigm of constructivism (Morissan, 2019).

Thus, the study of efforts to construct a discourse

of prophetic-based human development paradigms to

anticipate the four impacts of nickel mining

industrialization with its various problems, can

produce relevant and comprehensive study results.

Therefore, efforts to obtain primary data from the

field are used participatory obervation instruments

and in-depth interviews and Forum Group

Discussions. In the end, all the data that has been

successfully collected and completed, then the next is

analyzed by the Interpretative Phenomenological

Analysis process through certain stages.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This section outlines a sustainable development

strategy, focusing on economic, social, ecological and

religious development. Further outlined prophetic

human development strategies, resting on a balance

of thinking and acting spiritually, socially,

ecologically, scientifically, politically and

economically, always adapted to prophetic revelation

and zero thought processes. The last elaborates on the

storm of cruelty of materialism, and the double

fortune of mining industrialization. The existence of

the nickel mining industry with various social

problems that arise in the midst of the social life of

the local community.

Departing from the description of the implications

of social instrialization of mining, it is narrated a

sustainable development strategy based on integrally

intertwined economic, social, ecological and religious

development. Along with that, a prophetic-based

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192

formulation of the human development paradigm was

also developed, so that the two can be

interdependently interdependent.

If social, economic, cultural, ecological and

religious values are the source of the formulation of

sustainable development strategies, then specifically

for prophetic development strategies, they are

sourced from six Pillars of Faith, and five Islamic

Pillars and one Ikhsan are referred to as ESQ Power

165 concepts. Prophetic human portrait is a

development actor and actress who has a balance of

thinking and acting spiritually, socially, ecologically,

scientifically, politically and economically, so that

there is no typical style of hedonistic life and

materialism, and various other negative impacts of

mining industrialization.

3.1 The Existence of Mining and Social

Implications

This life is sometimes funny and often sad. But,

consciously or unconsciously that it is a struggle of

life, so the question is, will the struggle of human life

eventually go to the space of materialism and

hedonism? Social facts prove that the modern era is

an era that ostensibly lives solely to seize a pile of

meat, so it often has to make a person or group of

people a victim by force that is perceived as a barrier

to meet their needs or interests.

The first case, "the story of the Victims of the

Atrocities of Materialism". This is what is

experienced by Ny. Huaya as a victim never imagined

before. Based on what he said when the research

team conducted an interview at his residence. Within

a few years, she and her husband worked on land as

large as one hectars very diligently given by a village

chief. He expressed so much gratitude for what the

village chief gave him that he considered it wonderful

by his family members. The gardening area was

originally a forest, but eventually he managed to

cultivate it and the results have been able to help and

meet the economic needs of his household every

dayas a victim never imagined before.

Based on what he said when the research team

conducted an interview at his residence. Within a few

years, she and her husband worked on land as large as

one hectars very diligently given by a village chief.

He expressed so much gratitude for what the village

chief gave him that he considered it wonderful by his

family members.

The gardening area was originally a forest, but

eventually he managed to cultivate it and the results

have been able to help and meet the economic needs

of his household every day. In the company of their

husband and children, they continue to grow a wide

variety of useful and beneficial plants for the various

needs of their family members. Regardless of heat

and rain, her husband continued to diligently hoe and

plant tirelessly until the ground was filled with

various plants. Although as a woman and a weak

mother, but she is still involved in helping her

husband.

A few months and years later, this small family

finally began to be able to feel the fruits of their

efforts from the aforementioned gardening, so that the

hard work and energy they had been draining had

been replaced with products that they could take from

the land they cultivated. Thus, they can be happy with

it. But suddenly, lightning seemed to hit him in broad

daylight when the presence of nickel mining in their

village brought a lot of trouble. One of the problems

is, many problems reclaim land by force from the

person who once gave them before.

This is done because of the high value of land

prices that have increased drastically as a very

fantastic offering from mining companies that are

ready to exploit the surrounding land and forest areas.

What happened after that? Should the smile of defeat

be swallowed by such an incredible and exciting

wave of nickel prices? Should his family be lied to

again by the cruelty of contemporary public life based

on materialism? It was these concerns that were

mixed with the fears and hopes of Ms. Huaya's family

because in addition to the location of her gardening

located in a strategic position where the nickel mining

industry would operate, they also felt that they had

not held proof of the legal ownership of the person

who gave the land.

Finally, a strong tsunami wave of life fell on him

as a disaster they had to feel. Even if it was never

imagined before, without being noticed by Mrs.

Huaya and her husband, the land that had been

planted on the seeds of life, in fact, had been sold to

the mining party all this time by people who had given

land in the past when the value of the land price was

not yet valuable to the local people. It is very sad for

Mrs. Huaya's family because even one percent of the

proceeds from the sale of the above-mentioned land

were not obtained by them. In fact, they have spent a

lot of time, a lot of sweat, a lot of energy, and patience

to cultivate the land so far.

However, it is also very easy to loosen from the

hands of those they have so far. Although Mrs. Huaya

and her husband continued to try to seek justice, they

could not do anything because they had never held the

land ownership letter before even though they had

invited witnesses to attend from the local community

along with concrete physical evidence in the form of

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

193

plants. Everything becomes useless until it loses hope

and finally, they have to accept the harsh reality. It

seems that trials and temptations also continue to

befall them because not long after, her husband

passed away as a consequence of thinking about their

grieving land which they considered very inhumane.

At this time, Mother Huaya can only surrender

and try to support her children according to her ability

as a widowed woman. Although with a painful heart

and with residual energy, she and her children

continued to survive their social life as it is until this

interview took place at that time (Interview,

September 21, 2013, 2019).

Potret the socioeconomic dynamics included in

the aforementioned grief story reflect one of the

sacrifices and grazing of a household member that

befell them after the presence of a nickel mining

company in their village. Whereas, previously, the

socioeconomic life of the members of their household

proceeded very happily and peacefully from the

gardening cereals that they planted all the time with

sweat and tears. However, all of that was suddenly

lost as a result of the strong wave of modernization

and life materialism of industrialization.

At this time speculative materialism occurred as

a means of overcoming the problem of

incompatibility (Šatkauskas, 2020).

Sustainableatheialism is explored as a set of

movements with unique qualities, collective action,

dedication to local and prefigurative politics, and

demands that sustainability be practiced, starting

with materials and streams that provide food, power,

clothing, and other basic needs (Blok, 2021).

Materialism as preoccupation with the consumption

of objects, access or experience as a way to signal

status, build an image, pursue happiness, and achieve

a sense of self-worth (Atanasova & Eckhardt, 2021).

In addition, in the family's sad story, there is the

uncivilized attitude and behavior of a person who

initially looked humane before nickel mining was

present, and who caused the value of land prices to

rise dramatically in an instant, suddenly turned into a

materialistic and greedy human being because he sold

the land directly that he himself gave

uncompromisingly in the past. Individual

materialism considers everything needs material,

recognition of social status based on wealth,

satisfaction is measured by the acquisition of

property, financial success, achieving status and

having the right image (Aisyahrani et al., 2020).

That materialism significantly negatively affects

the economy, environment and social (Suárez et al.,

2020). There is a new materialism in the form of

mechanical materialism, requiring political solutions

as a strategic arena (Bardin, 2021).It issuspected that

this is just a zigzag life story that occurs and afflicts

one of the household members who can experience

the same socioeconomic calamity even though in the

process of life journey can be different. The reason is,

as previously outlined, the existence of mining

companies and their socioeconomic implications

solely makes a group of people very happy who

accidentally own agricultural land in a strategic

position for the mining corporation mentioned above

to carry out the process of exploitation and

exploration. Meanwhile, the majority of other citizens

who do not have a location where the corporation

operates seem to be merely perpetual observers by

getting rewarded on the part of the company with

compensation for the darkness of the settlement that

makes it uncomfortable, beautiful and attractive again

as it was in the past before the aforementioned

corporation existed.

Materialism has implications for the social system

and Education, playing an educational role in the

constitution towards a collective ethical individual

(Stickney, 2020). Materialism is oriented towards

saving satisfaction, and materialism negatively

affects savings decisions (Pangestu & Karnadi,

2020). Materialism plays a role and tends to be based

on identity motives, materialism as a preference for

accepting and doing a job (Styśko-Kunkowska &

Kwinta, 2020). Materialism is oriented towards

social well-being, psychology, life satisfaction, and

happiness (Joshanloo, 2019). Matheialism is

determined by well-being, the pursuit of happiness

and the success of material possessions (Górnik-

Durose, 2020).

On the contrary, one of the stories of home life

that is hilarious and shocking for the double wealth

they experienced suddenly and certainly never

expected before, can be seen in the following portrait

of socio-economic dynamics.

The second case, "The Story of Double Luck".

The journey of a person's journey in this world is

unpredictable what will happen in the future, both

about fortune and about everything else. That's what

one of the members of the palace family who is called

daily as "Mrs. Kalao" (Mrs. Kalao) experiences. It is

amazing that the story of the life journey of a beloved

widow is a life journey that they never imagined

before that later some time after being abandoned by

their husbands will get the unexpected comfort of life.

But now, it really seems to be a beautiful reality

when it comes to earning a lot of money from once

nickel asphalt soil happens. A mother who has 4

children who has been abandoned by her beloved

husband who passed away in 2011. When Mrs. Kalao

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194

recounted her life journey before they got a double

fortune, then with her husband and children lived a

simple life by cultivating farmland that they had to

fulfill their domestic economic life along with other

expenses such as their children's school fees.

However, in the middle of the journey of living

with her beloved husband, it must end because the

husband has passed away, so Mrs. Kalao must appear

firm and strong to continue the struggle for life with

her four children. When Mrs. Kalao gets into trouble

becoming a farmer without her husband's help to

cultivate their farmland, Mrs. Kalao decides to work

as a fishmonger walking around the village until her

life changes drastically because Mrs. Kalao owns a

lot of farm land of about ten Acres.

However, Mother and her children did not

cultivate it anymore. Suddenly, in 2011, double

wealth came to their family, when a nickel mining

company stepped in to operate in the South Palangga

Subdistrict area, Soth Konawe district. In fact,

agricultural land, which had been neglected because

it did not have the physical ability to process it, turned

out to be entered at the mine site.

At that time, Mrs. Kalao no longer needs to think

much when Tim from the mining company offers to

be cultivated by the company and will get the product

from a single paving as has been contained in the

contract agreement between the two parties, the level

of prosperity of the life of Mrs. Kalao's family turned

into a nouveau riche.

If so far she has only been a housewife who is a

fishmonger who wanders around the village, but now

she soley lives in her new house while waiting for the

fortune that comes from the company's profit sharing

from each land shipment which usually reaches

approximately 80 million / shipment. It is amazing

that at this time Mrs. Kalao's life has enjoyed her life

with a number of investments ranging from saving

with a lot of money, luxury houses, and her children

who have all passed, and even by and by Mrs. Cocoa

will perform the obligations of the Fifth Islamic Faith

especially the fifth Islamic Faith which is to go on a

pilgrimage. Finally, when she got the double wealth,

Mrs. Kalao's family felt very grateful and happy for

everything she felt at the moment. However, on the

other hand, Mrs. Kalao is also aware of the existence

of a mining company that cultivates her temporal

land. For this reason, Mrs. Kalao and her four

children must be smart to use the double fortuene she

obtained by trying to meet the needs of her family

efficiently and effectively (Interview, September 22,

2013).

Currently, the existence of mining for the central

and local governments is very significant, not only in

the context of socioeconomic life, but also in the non-

social and environmental sphere. Therefore, the

existence of mining is an interesting central issue for

discussion by all stakeholders. Why? Because the

existence of minigs for an area does not only have a

positive impact on the region and the community

which can increase and increase the acceptance and

welfare of the community, especially the people who

live around the mining company operating. Mining

has an impact on improving modern industrialization

processes, increasing human activity (Knierzinger et

al., 2021).

Industrialization as a new job market is

accompanied by various types of investments, and

various large value gains (X. Wang et al., 2021). The

process of mining indusrtialization has had an impact

on the development of the economy, innovative

capabilities, level of education, industrial structure

and the proportion of state-owned capital (Xia et al.,

2020). Mining industrialization has an impact on the

arrival of migrant workers (Galaz-Mandakovic &

Amaro, 2021).

On the other hand, the existence of mining for an

area can also have an egative impact on the

community and the environment around the area of

the mining company that operates. Among the

negative impacts caused by the existence of mining

companies are: (1) the activities of mining companies

disrupt communities; (2) breaking down roads; (3)

resulting in air pollution (large amounts of dust and

noise; (4) negatively affect the growth of plantations

and community rice cultivation; and (5) deadly

seafaring weed plants; and so forth. Mining will

experience a time limit for exploitation, and will not

be renewable, it is necessary to think about the

construction of new value-added industries (E. Lee &

Mah, 2020). Nevertheless, heavy metal pollution of

the soil has become a serious environmental problem,

including risks to human health (Weissmannová et

al., 2019). Large-scale mining has a considerable

impact, man-made secondary disasters occur, since it

is often a secondary habitat with high conservation

value (Zhang et al., 2019).

Specifically, in South Konawe Regency, there are

several sub-districts that have nickel mining potential

that are currently operating massively such as Bily

Ltd in Laeya District, Sambas Minerals Mining Ltd

and Macika Ltd in Palangga District as well as Agung

Perkasa Ltd, Hilcon Ltd, and Jagad Raya Ltd in South

Palangga District. However, in this research report,

his attention is more focused on nickel mining

companies operating in the Palangga area and South

Palangga District. It seems that the existence of nickel

mining companies in the Palangga area and South

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

195

Palangga District has had a very significant impact on

the local government and the communities around the

mining companies that operate.

The presence of the nickel mining industry has

caused drastic changes in the economic life of the

community, especially those that are felt and enjoyed

massively by people who own land that is used by

companies for mining exploration activities. In

developing its exploration activities, the mining

industry provides massive compensation and special

royalties to communities as landowners at mining

sites. The amount of royalties received by the people

depends on the size of the land they own.

The larger the land they own, the greater the

royalties they will also receive from those mining

companies. Mining has caused damage to land

resources and worsened ecological and economic

conflicts, requiring funding and design of control

policies to resolve them (Jiang et al., 2021).

Requiring naturalization of post-mining space, it is

intended to solve the problem of sustainable

development (Solarski & Krzysztofik, 2021). New

industrialization practices are detrimental to labor and

weaken the collective power of workers, so it is

necessary to intervene in the state through pro-labor

policies (Radley, 2020). Integrated industrial policy

with rational use of production reserves, natural

resources and overall economic and socio-cultural

development (Arsentyev & Arsentyev, 2020).

Agung Perkasa Ltd as a nickel mine in

Watumbohoti Village will provide royalties and

compensation to the community as land owners as

much as nine million rupiah per hectare of land per

PCL (per one voyage). Thus, for residents of the

community who own land covering an area of Nine

Hektare like Mrs. Kalao as previously told, so every

shipment, Mrs. Kalao gets a royalty from the nickel

mining company as much as eighty million rupiah.

Of course, that is a huge amount of money for the

incoming rate for rural communities. Moreover,

Agung Perkasa Ltd which operates in Watumbohoti

Village not only provides royalties to all landowners,

but also to the corporation to provide royalties or

compensation to people who do not own the

surrounding lany land as much as five hundred

thousand rupiah to each Family Head in one mine

delivery nikel.

Based on this brief description, it can be

concluded that the existence of a nickel mining

company greatly provides a major change to the

economic conditions of the community. Although the

seemingly pleasant conditions do not describe the

socioeconomic conditions of the community as a

whole as told by the informants who were

successfully interviewed who showed a perspective

that tended to be the same opinion that:

"When compared to before the mining

company came in, the residents of the

community only consume Sagoo every day.

However, after the residents of the

community have benefited from the

existence of the mining company, the

residents of the community can now eat rice.

However, after the residents of the

community benefited from the existence of

the mining company, now the residents of

the community have consumed rice.

Likewise, if before mining companies

people only used bicycles, now people have

used motorcycles and even people have

bought cars. In addition, before the mining

company existed, the houses of the residents

of the community were still made of wood

or boards, but now their houses are in

permanent form. This reflects the

improvement of the people's economy.

However, citizens also realize and regret that

in reality, such socioeconomic conditions do

not describe the codition of society in

totality because empirical facts on the

ground show that there are still many people

(70%) living in poor conditions (Interview,

20 – 22 September 2019).

Some informants' perspectives actually want to

emphasize that the existence of the nickel mining

industry in the Palangga area and South Palangga

Regency has not been fully felt to have a positive

impact on improving the socio-economic life of

community residents because it can only be felt

specifically for a few people who accidentally have a

location where the mining company operates every

day. Industrialization through mining efforts

accelerates urbanization and tourism areas (Yücer,

2020). INdustrialization of mining goes hand in hand

with urbanization (P. Li et al., 2020). Mining

companies have compensated and recruited local

workers (Hakim, 2020).

Of course, if the existence of the mining industry

in reality cannot be said to be representative and

significant enough with the increasing socio-

economic welfare of local residents, it means that the

existence of the mining industry is in a position

between expectations on the other hand, and bitter

experiences on the other side as outlined below. It is

inevitable that the existence of the mining industry is

associated with the condition of ecosystems that are

beginning to suffer damage and social environments

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

196

that undergo a massive degradation process as

previously narrated.

Mining industrialization and urbanization

increase economic growth, as well as social welfare

also develops (Paliwal et al., 2021). Mining

industrialization makes people aware of the

importance of solving environmental problems

(Guimarães, 2019). Industrialization provides an

understanding of the importance of ecosystems,

where industrial ecosystems are rapidly integrated

into new technological paradigms and global

value chains, are able to compete in the global market

in the long term, and have increased the potential for

industrialization and transformation and innovation

(Babkin et al., 2021). Mining is the main means of

local and domestic development, a source of

livelihood and reducing poverty (D. M. Franks,

2020).

3.2 Sustainable Development Strategy

The sustainable development strategy has been

ongoing so far in unison and in balance between

religious, economic, social and ecological

development. These four areas of development are

the main keys to a developed and independent

society. The basic milestone of sustainable

development is religious. The success of religious

development is simultaneously followed by the

success of economic, social and ecological

development.

Religiosity is the basis for building economic,

social and ecological. Religiosity has animated every

activity of individuals, families and communities in

thinking and acting economically, socially and

ecologically. The process of thinking and acting

rationally fosters responsibility for managing

sustainable development.

The process of sustainable development education

has fostered an appropriate sense of responsibility, as

the foundation and orientation of sustainable

development itself (Balakrishnan et al., 2020).

Sustainable development requires serious addressing,

it is related to the development of renewable energy,

any investment in renewable energy has implications

for sustainable development (Manso & Behmiri,

2020).

Sustainable development means pursuing

greening strategies in various fields including the

banking system, bond market and institutional

investors, along with transparency in governance and

partnerships berbagai sector (J. W. Lee, 2020).

Sustainable development is defined by cultural

education, this is to ensure quality education, combat

exclusion and gain a conscious and critical global

perspective (Catarci, 2021). The capacity of civil

society is oriented towards global sustainability

governance, influencing informal and exclusive

participatory spaces at the international and national

levels (Sénit, 2020).

The first characteristic of sustainable

development is the occurrence ofequality, which

refers to the similarity in obtaining access to

resources, economic and political that are the basic

rights of citizens. Sustainabledevelopment aims to be

oriented towards gender equality, good health and

well-being (Fei et al., 2021). Equality as a global

justice order eliminates injustice, inequality, anger,

insecurity, poverty and war, towards global justice,

human rights, democracy and equality (Kochi, 2019).

Sustainable development management means social

relations and equality, nature and landscapes, as well

as education and knowledge (Wiesli et al., 2021).

Requires equitable distribution of productive

economy, distribution of income through improved

fiscal policy, and implementation of the banking

credit system to provide opportunities for small and

medium-sized groups to develop businesses, organize

a democratic political system to guarantee political

rights and freedoms, regulate the legal system and its

enforcement to ensure justice. Requires awareness

of law, social ethics and manners in family life and

social life, as well as the cultivation of religious

values and national integrity (Nawi et al., 2019). By

extracting the values of Islamic economic philosophy

through the business behavior of Muhammad SAW,

as a solution to current business behavior (Uyuni,

2021). Where at this time it has symptomatic of the

public view of crime and justice, crime and justice of

youth and the crimes of the state and human rights

(Rock, 2017).

Source: Analysis results based on the Sustainable Development

Paradigma (Peribadi, et al. 2020).

Figure 1: Discourse of Sustainable Development

Paradigma.

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

197

The second characteristic, productivity that refers

to systematic efforts aimed at increasing economic

activity. This effort requires investment in human

resources, infrastructure, and financing to support

economic growth that has an impact on improving

social welfare. In order for production capacity to be

maximized, investment must be more focused on

efforts to improve the quality of human resources,

characterized by increasing knowledge and skills as

well as mastery of technology.

Quality human resources play a central role in the

process of building a nation. Rapid population

increase, has caused ecological pollution to health

conditions, requires knowledge, skills and mastery of

technology towards sustainable development (A. J.

Khan et al., 2020). The development of technology

today is able to meet the need to improve the quality

of human life (Lysenko, 2019). In addition to being

responsible for improving regularity, micro-

interactions or peer group effects (Cebolla-Boado &

Medina, 2011).

The third characteristic, empowerment which

refers to any effort to develop community capacity by

transforming potential and capabilities, so as to have

independence, autonomy, and authority in carrying

out a job or activity and in overcoming social

problems. In this context, development places the

human being as the center of attention aimed not only

at increasing the incoming growth, but also at the

expansion of public choice so that human beings have

the opportunity to develop all their potential.

Empowerment is the main strategy in the

transformation process towards sustainable

development (Del Arco et al., 2021). The process of

empowerment among the community provides an

opportunity for solidarity, and capacity building to

form partnerships with stakeholders, to access various

community interests. (Leddy et al., 2020).

Community empowerment contributes to improving

quality and efficiency in the future (Steiner et al.,

2022).

The four characteriscs, sustainable empowerment

which refers to strategies in managing and

maintaining development capital: physical, human,

financial, and environmental in order to be utilized to

achieve social welfare. For this reason, perpetuating

development capital is very important to maintain the

sustainability of the development process in the

future.

Communityempowerment determines the use of

renewable energy, strengthening institutional

capacity, and economic business productivity

towards improving environmental quality. (Surya et

al., 2021). And sustainable community empowerment

means implementing sustainable masyarakat madani

development (Faizin et al., 2019).

3.3 Prophetic Development Strategy

The conditions of the environmental crisis that have

occurred, in turn force new strategies to be

implemented. And those environmental crisis factors

are caused by humans, they are the ones who do

environmental damage, but they don't realize it. The

development strategy has so far emphasized

modernization, economic growth, humans as a labor

force of development, basic needs, and human

development, using the ability and capacity to build

themselves, and striving to maintain the survival of

their generation with resources and a sustainably

developed environment.

A single knowledge as a unified knowledge,

requires the involvement of prophetic traditions in

solving problems (Sempo & Mohd Razif, 2019).

Including professionalism has referred to prophetic

values, it has gained public trust in its actualization

every day (Rosilawati & Amanullah, 2021). That the

true prophetic office is a vocation, and the true

prophet prophesies with the spirit of God

(Umeanolue, 2021).

Previous sustainable development strategies

focused on three domains in development, namely the

economic, social, and ecological domains. These

three domains are the source of social development

strategies, environmental development, and human-

centered development.

In this context, the author adds religious value as

the fourth domain, thus describing a strategy called

prophetic human development. This of course

happens not only because of conceptual flaws in some

paradigms, but also actors and actresses who use

developmental paradigms that use developmental

paradigms do not have a constructive developmet

mentality.

In other words, development actors and actresses

who have used diverse developmental paradigms

alternately seem to be more dominant with rational

quotients related to digital and artificial quotients.

That the suffering of political, cultural and

socioeconomic losses, requires prophetic service, the

role of religion is essential to the healing of a

devastated nation (Mkandla & Dreyer, 2020).

Religious institutions as prophetic education, can

create harmony in life, realize peace in heterogeneous

life, that is, through prophetic education (Dimas

Indianto s et al., 2021). That the verses of the Qur'an

and prophetic hadith which state that in Islam all

people are supposed to live in harmony and equality,

ICHELS 2024 - The International Conference on Humanities Education, Law, and Social Science

198

there is no discrimination on the basis of race, money,

skin color or religious beliefs (Latef, 2020).

In an effort to develop a discourse on the

paradigm of Human Development based on

prophethood, the value of ESQ Power must be

synergized with the paradigm of Human

Development. This case provides an opportunity

even more because in the Human Development

paradigm, society is given the opportunity to use its

abilities and capacities to the fullest extent possible to

carry out its own social life.

In addition, this paradigm of human development

is universal and non-discriminatory, and places

society as a subject of development, encourages

capacity building, reduces deprivation (suffering),

and is oriented towards the sustainability of

generational well-being.

Similarly, leadership requires prophetic

leadership, prophetic leadership based on truth,

responsibility, communication, and intelligence, and

withthis model civil society can be realized (Makruf,

2017). A person who longs for a religion based on

prophethood, has managed to educate human beings

to be proactive (Kabongo, 2019).

Source: elaborated from Peribadi (2015) and Peribadi (2020).

Figure 2: Prophetic Human Development Strategy.

Finally, the synthetic process between the human

development paradigm and the ESQ Power paradigm

as shown in the id chart below, is expected to be able

to awaken development actors and actresses who will

later become responsible human beings and always

carry out their duties and roles very well. Young

peoplewho have a high work ethic, strong mentality,

and good deeds like the Prophet Muhammad SAW

and his close friends because they have passed

through life training centers that have succeeded in

accelerating the intelligentsia, emotional, spiritual

intelligence, and creativity intelligence. That the

verses of the Qur'an contain the prophetic prophetic

message of Muhammad, that is, his testimony as a

messenger who brings good news as well as a

warning to those who are denying the existence of

God, and the prophet Muhammad also acts as a

summoner of truth and guide for mankind (Al-

Ma’mun, 2021). Kurikulum kenabian memantau

kebesaran, keseimbangan, dan integrasi, sebagai

pondasi Pendidikan yang berhasil bagi kaum muda

(Salmi & Hamadou, 2021).

3.4 Integration of Prophetic Values

into Mining Management Policy

The implications of the industrialisation of nickel

mining in Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia sustainable

development are discussed as positive economic

effects, social-environmental costs. With the

phenomenological analysis style, this study captures

how mining brings about a division between the

gainer and the loser, the haves and the have-nots.

This is further illustrated, by examining two

pitched “double fortune” micro-case scenarios where

some land owners experienced both fortune and

misfortune while at the same time seeing other

equally experience the opposite misfortune all in one

investment and, therefore calling for equitable and

balanced development.

The researchers present the broad postulational

paradigm of SD undertaken in this study to embrace

the traditional economic, social, and ecological

aspects and, in addition, bring in prophetic values.

This framework is based on six Pillars of Faith, five

Pillars of Islam and one Ikhsan, that is striving to

produce what the two authors refer to as Prophetic

humans, a set of development actors capable of

embracing the spiritual, social, ecological, scientific

strands, politics and economy. Religious values,

thereby are incorporated into development strategy

making this approach unique to sustainable

development frameworks, giving credence to the fact

that spiritual and ethical forms of surity are

imperative in realizing sustainable mining.

To make this theoretical framework actionable,

the study advocates for specific policy mechanisms

that translate prophetic values into concrete mining

management practices. These include implementing

Islamic environmental stewardship principles

Prophetic Sustainable Development Based Mining Management Strategy: A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi

199

through mandatory impact assessments, establishing

fair wealth distribution systems based on

Islamic economic principles, creating community

engagement mechanisms founded on prophetic

consultation traditions, and developing governance

structures that incorporate religious ethical oversight.

This practical integration of prophetic values with

policy aims to create more equitable outcomes while

ensuring that mining development benefits all

stakeholders sustainably and ethically.

4 COPYRIGHT FORM

By submitting this manuscript "Prophetic Sustainable

Development Based Mining Management Strategy:

A Phenomenological Study in Southeast Sulawesi,"

the authors (Peribadi, Irwan Abbas, Ahmad Levi

Fachrul Avivy, Bayu Taufiq Possumah, and Laode

Monto Bauto) confirm that this is an original work not

previously published or under consideration

elsewhere. The authors hereby transfer all rights, title,

and interest in and to the copyright of this work to the

publisher, while retaining rights to use the work for

non-commercial educational and research purposes,

future self-publications, sharing with colleagues for

research use, presenting at scientific meetings, and

posting author-created versions on institutional

repositories. The authors warrant that any necessary

written permissions for copyrighted materials have

been secured. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form

without prior written permission from the publisher.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The existence of mining industrialization poses

various problems for the region and community

members. Qualitative approaches in the context of

Phenomenology are used as an effort to develop

reflective critical studies of various phenomena,

reality and hypereality. The implementation of a

sustainable development strategy must be integrally

and interdependent between the dimensions of

economic, social, ecological and religious

development and must take place structurally and

simultaneously with the Prophetic human

development strategy.

It should be so, because sustainable development

needs to be managed by prophetic humans as actors

and actresses of development who have a balance of

thinking and acting spiritually, socially, ecologically,

scientifically, politically and economically, as are the

fundamental substance and principles contained in

the six Pillars of Faith, and the five Pillars of Islam

and one Ikhsan. Only with the sustainable

development strategy as formulated, the relevant and

appropriate ones are used to anticipate the various

social implications posed by the development

industry project. Similarly, only with a Prophetic

human development strategy can it produce the

capacity of IESQ Power, so that it can appear to be a

Prophetic human being who can carry out the

mandate with full sense of responsibility.

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