Evaluation Investigation of Urban Domestic Sewage Collection

and Treatment

Yueyang Sun

Suzhou Foreign Language School, Suzhou, Jiang Su Province, 215000, China

Keywords: Domestic Sewage Collection, Sewage, Treatment.

Abstract: The dangers of sewage are a matter of concern in today's society, and the need to treat sewage is reflected in

the social life and production. The goal now is to find more efficient and affordable and gradually and

practically to be applied to more industries and enterprises in the future. In this paper, the difficulties faced

by mankind in wastewater treatment in the 21st century and today's treatments are described to make people

aware of how wastewater is treated. In conclusion, the importance of wastewater treatment is to protect against

harm to ecosystem balance and improvement. Secondly, it protects human health by eliminating the growth

of bacteria and pathogens and thus the spread of disease. Thirdly, by treating wastewater, more resources can

be recycled, eliminating waste and production costs and thus demand. By explaining the hazards of sewage

and the importance of treatment, this article helps to raise public awareness of sewage treatment, promote

social attention to environmental protection, and enhance people's understanding of sustainable development.

1 INTRODUCTION

In today’s city environment, water has become a very

important part of human life in every parts, including

manufacturing, cultivation and daily life which has a

large proportion in my daily life, especially for

resources like water, has been influenced by human

activities badly. Due to today’s heavy industries and

some light industries such as paper mills and textile

mills, all of these are having pollution whatever is

serious. According to today's situation in cities,

household waste is intruding water resources like

rivers and lakes, which brings pollution to people’s

lives and the environment. Lager scales of waste and

wastewater are a major problem for today's situation.

These problems cause a lot of problems like the death

of aquatic organisms. This also causes the death and

decrease of birds which feed on fish. The polluted

rivers and other water resources may be harmful to

human health due to chemicals like gases. It is

necessary to solve this problem because water is an

important role in natural and human’s life (Han, 2024).

For example, the position of the city sewage

system and the ways to collect and secondary

treatment for use. The model of the city and landscape

map is also included while measuring the way of

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1498-369X

water flows. The sewage collecting system must be

studied including pipes and the sewage recycle

industry. Furthermore, sewage definitely played an

important role during the whole circulation (Song,

2024).

The paper aims to find out the collection of the

city’s sanitary sewage and how to recycle it with some

chemical or physical materials in some schemes. This

article will illustrate how to collect city sewage and

recycle it. The target is to help people know why it is

vital to humanity and the natural world. Through the

whole possess, first, the collection of sewage is

studied by discussing and researching city sewage

systems based on the landscape. secondly, the way of

recycle is worth studying.

2 THE CURRENT WAY OF

COLLECTING DOMESTIC

WATER IN VARIOUS AREAS

OF THE CITY

2.1 Concepts and Hazards of Urban

Domestic Sewage

Urban water management has become an important

264

Sun, Y.

Evaluation Investigation of Urban Domestic Sewage Collection and Treatment.

DOI: 10.5220/0013327200004558

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Modern Logistics and Supply Chain Management (MLSCM 2024), pages 264-268

ISBN: 978-989-758-738-2

social task and management index in the current city.

The connotation of urban water management is to

utilize, regulate, manage and protect the water

resources in urban areas, thus carrying out more

involvement in water management, such as water

resources, water supply and transmission, as well as

inter-regional transfer of water and sewage treatment

and reuse collection. Regarding the collection of

urban domestic sewage, it is important to understand

the source of domestic sewage. Domestic wastewater

is the wastewater discharged from the normal

activities of ordinary citizens in their daily lives, and

the main sources of this wastewater are nearby

residential buildings such as neighbourhood

apartments, followed by public buildings such as

schools, hospitals, and restaurants. The wide range of

sources of domestic wastewater has led to a complex

source of its components and ingredients. Its main

component is water composition, in which the main

components of pollutants are organic matter such as

proteins, carbohydrates, fats and urea. Next is a large

number of pathogens and microorganisms similar to

parasites and parasite eggs, and enteric infectious

viruses similar to E. coli. If not collected in time and

centralized treatment, it will lead to the decay of

unstable organic matter and produce a large number

of toxic polluting malodorous gases. The continuous

reproduction of bacteria and pathogens may lead to

the spread of epidemic diseases, so they need to be

collected and treated regularly. The main hazards

come from hospital sewage, garbage and surface

runoff. The microorganisms in it are characterized by

their large number and wide distribution and the fact

that they can survive for a long period of time and

multiply very fast. These microorganisms can enter

the human body through various means, such as the

respiratory tract and the oesophagus. However, the

accumulation of untreated sewage can lead to further

problems as various elements can accumulate. The

second point is the eutrophication of water bodies,

which is caused by the loss of substances containing

nitrogen and phosphorus into the water bodies leading

to eutrophication and thus leading to the phenomenon

of red tides or water bloom. The third point is the

saline, acid and alkaline pollution, the rise of the pH

value of the water body further jeopardizes the soil.

Fluctuation of the pH value creates microorganisms

that are stimulated or inhibited, causing great impacts,

which can then cause damage to buildings and

erosion, for example, in bridge projects. Lastly, the

threat to aquatic flora and fauna is also growing

(Guardian, 2024).

2.2 Significance of Recycling and

Treatment of Wastewater

The recycling and collection of sewage is of great

significance to people’s lives. The first is that it can

effectively wastewater, as the main component of

sewage is water, and recycling can effectively

wastewater resources. The second is the pollution.

The existence of a large number of harmful

substances in the domestic sewage may lead to the

following results: groundwater contamination

spawned by the stench affecting life. The third point

is that it can be production costs, recycled water can

be recycled repeatedly and re-invested into

production, thus realizing the purpose of production

costs. Finally, it can be used for urban greening, used

to pour greening to improve the greening rate of the

city. Now there are a lot of sewage treatments such as

plant wetland treatment, which uses plants to absorb

water and decomposition characteristics although this

can be good treatment does not require a lot of energy,

but it occupies a large amount of land that needs to go

to this ring tight and processing efficiency is low. The

use of sewage treatment plants is the largest scale,

filled with physical, chemical and biological

treatment to achieve the effect of water purification

(Dong, 2024).

3 CURRENT PROBLEMS

FACING SEWAGE

TREATMENT

There are still many problems with sewage collection

and treatment, making it difficult to respond

effectively to unexpected water collection and

pollution problems. Climatic differences between the

north and the south, as well as the amount of

precipitation and precipitation cycles in different

places, have led to different efficiencies in sewage

treatment in different regions. In some areas in the

north, the rain and sewage diversion system is

imperfect and lacks a reasonable drainage and sewage

treatment system. When encountering heavy rainy

weather, a large amount of rainwater in the combined

rain and sewage pipe for a short time, if the pipe is

not smooth enough, the mixed rain and sewage water

in the pipe may overflow to the ground through the

rainwater wells and overflow wells, exacerbating the

phenomenon of flooding the street and polluting the

human habitat. If a large amount of rainwater is mixed

into the sewage network, it is easy to cause part of the

rainwater can not be treated in a timely manner and

Evaluation Investigation of Urban Domestic Sewage Collection and Treatment

265

transported to the sewage treatment plant through the

sewage network, the sewage treatment facility's

operating costs will increase, the sewage treatment

plant's operational efficiency will decline during this

this period, and ultimately lead to the rainwater and

sewage straight river, and lead to the river water

quality pollution. Failure to effectively investigate the

degree of siltation and clogging of the pipe network,

making the pipe network maintenance is not timely,

resulting in the pipe network siltation, clogging and

other serious problems, which in turn leads to a

reduction in the capacity of the pipe network to

absorb water, resulting in the waste of water resources

can not be effectively avoided . It is difficult to ensure

the effective reuse of water, and ultimately lead to

overflowing, sewage discharged directly into the river,

overflow and other problems. In the sewage treatment

plant nowadays, sludge treatment is one of the

important parts, which can keep up with the times and

thus the demand for sludge cleaning in urban cities

(Hu, 2024). However, the northern part of my country

has low innovative capacity for sludge treatment most

of them still use landfills and so on. Not only waste a

lot of land resources will also cause secondary

pollution to the environment. In addition, the sludge

dewatering treatment of water content can not be

improved, not effectively rationalize the disposal of

sludge, resulting in sludge pollutants leakage

environmental issues. Sewage treatment plants need

to take effective measures to achieve sludge reduction,

stabilization, harmlessness, and resource disposal.

China's sludge disposal is still a technological

bottlenecks, difficult to break through the economic

and efficient sludge conditioning, resulting in

dehydration difficulties. Some northern sewage

treatment plants have been from the perspective of

innovation in equipment, but the harvest is quite small,

they just stay on the surface of the sludge water

content removal and can not do from the root

disintegration. In addition, the mismatch between the

chemicals and equipment can also lead to the

equipment can not state, resulting in dewatering

efficiency. At the same time, the existing flocculants

or dehydrating agents are underutilized in the process

of use, and the lack of new agents to replace the

product, which makes the over- or under-use of agents

brings additional economic problems. Strengthening

the research and development of new flocculants or

dewatering agents has become a key issue to be

solved. Therefore, China's sewage disposal measures

with optimization need to be, strengthen the reform

and innovation of sewage disposal technology (Yan,

2024).

4 ADVANTAGES AND

CHALLENGES OF LIVING

MUNICIPAL FECAL

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

For the living city, faecal waste water has done good

results. The establishment of fecal sewage centralized

treatment system, mainly refers to the fecal sewage

transported to the designated location, the

implementation of centralized treatment, in the

process of treatment, need to take harmless treatment,

focusing on two aspects, respectively, faecal sewage

solid-liquid separation and sewage treatment. If this

treatment is the supporting equipment covers a large

area and huge investment, but also to the surrounding

ecological impact. At the same time, in the process of

treatment of fecal waste water, because of the various

treatment devices concentrated in the same site, the

overall transportation distance is relatively large, high

transportation costs. Transportation vehicles need to

be centralized transportation, but this also brings

great pressure to the surrounding traffic. On the

contrary, the treatment of fecal waste water has good

results when divided into different areas.

Decentralized treatment mainly uses sewage

treatment equipment such as sewage treatment plants

and lift pumping stations. The selection of a larger

number of treatment points can be effectively

harmless in treatment efficiency. This kind of faecal

sewage treatment, mainly using the principle of solid-

liquid separation, and take the integrated device,

covers an area of relatively small, because there is no

need to use the supporting sewage treatment system,

so the investment is relatively low. Inside the different

sites, the construction scale is relatively small, due to

the existing sewage treatment plant or sewage

pumping station inside, so the impact on the

surrounding area is very small. Decentralized

treatment is subject to the principle of proximity and

the actual transport distance of faecal waste water is

relatively small. At the level of resource depletion,

such treatment uses less water and electricity,

basically does not consume large amounts of

pharmaceuticals, and the transportation distance of

fecal waste water is relatively short, with low overall

transportation costs. Transportation vehicles are

decentralized and do not have a large impact on local

municipal traffic. Although there are certain problems

in the treatment process, the important value of faecal

wastewater is reflected in three aspects. The first is a

smaller footprint, with the economy, this project is no

longer an important indicator, so most cities today

choose a decentralized treatment system (Xiang,

MLSCM 2024 - International Conference on Modern Logistics and Supply Chain Management

266

2024). In this system, if the scale of the manure

treatment system is 1 200 t/d, using decentralized

treatment, it can be divided into 6 parts, the treatment

capacity of each block can reach 200t/d, the area can

reach about 600 m2, the actual area of a single block

can reach 100 m2. At the same time, it can be directly

built into the sewage pumping station or sewage

treatment plant that has already completed the

construction, and there is no need to go through the

corresponding land acquisition procedures. The

corresponding land acquisition procedures can not

only save the actual land but also shorten the real

construction time of the project (Yan, 2024).

5 WASTEWATER TREATMENT

PROCESSES AND

TECHNOLOGIES

In addition to treatment, there are also physical and

chemical aspects, and to a lesser extent, biological

aspects. For example, physical flocculation, etc. using

gravity to make impurities out of sewage and

biological degradation. The first physical treatment

process is the acoustic treatment process in the

sewage treatment process, the use of acoustic waves

for treatment is called acoustic treatment process this

sewage treatment function. It is mainly applied to

organic or inorganic wastewater treatment, through

the enhancement of the vibration to achieve the

separation between the pollutants and the water, and

ultimately realize the degradation of pollutants. In the

practical application of acoustic wave treatment

process, can be applied to a wide range of future a

very broad space. Acoustic treatment process can be

used in conjunction with other physical degradation

techniques to realize pollutant precipitation and

filtration. In sewage treatment, high turbidity sewage

purification system SPR treatment process belongs to

a more complex sewage treatment process. In the SPR

treatment process, the need to use chemical reagents,

a variety of different pollutants in different sewage

successfully resolved, so that a variety of pollutants

combined to form solid particles. After that, the staff

need to use the adsorbent to adsorb the organic matter

in the sewage. In order to completely adsorb the

pollutants in the sewage, the staff need to use the

physical adsorption method to pollutants through the

SPR processor, so that the sewage purification is

completed to the level of the state before the sludge

Dehydrating agent can be realized. This SPR

treatment function is currently a new type of water

treatment technology, in the practical application of

the advantages of more, of which the three most

prominent are, respectively, in carrying out sewage

treatment occupies an area of less, the enterprise or

other units of the input cost is low, the entire sewage

treatment process is simple and easy to operate.

Secondly, the PACT process is the Powdered

Activated Carbon Sludge (PACS) process, which is a

simpler process than other wastewater treatment

processes, using Adsorption properties of activated

carbon to purify the wastewater. In the chemical

treatment process, there are coagulation flocculation

and chemical precipitation. Coagulation and

flocculation are the most common chemical

treatments in this classification. Through coagulation

and flocculation, these two types of sewage treatment,

effectively remove some suspended particles, organic

matter and other various pollutants in the sewage. In

the staff to carry out coagulation and flocculation

work, need some chemical agents, and coagulation

treatment. Common agents include iron salts,

aluminium chloride, etc., these chemicals allow the

sewage surface charge neutralization so that the

charge is destabilised, composed of large particles,

this process of composing large particles is known as

coagulation. After coagulation is completed, a

flocculation step is required, usually by adding

flocculation aids such as polyacrylamide, which

promotes the transformation of tiny particles in the

coagulation into huge flocs. The resulting flocs are

large in size and weight making it possible for staff to

filter out large particles in post-treatment . Lastly in

biological treatment, activated sludge method is a

widely used one. It mainly relies on the active

microorganisms in it to ensure that the

microorganisms grow in the water to achieve the

degradation of the pollutants in the water (He, 2024).

As for the ecological treatment technology, the

artificial wetland technology realises the removal and

degradation of harmful substances in wastewater with

the synergistic effect of wetland vegetation and

microorganisms to purify the water and protect the

ecology, which has the advantages of innovation and

environmental protection. Artificial lake technology

uses lakes for natural purification to achieve the effect

of water purification, the core of the technology is to

make full use of the self-purification ability of the

lake itself so that the lake water body has a certain

degree of hydrodynamics and water circulation, so

that pollutants in the water body can be dispersed and

degraded in the natural process. Biological treatment

is effective in degrading degradable substances in

wastewater and protects against the expense of further

treatment (Zhang, 2023).

In general, wastewater has a great impact on

Evaluation Investigation of Urban Domestic Sewage Collection and Treatment

267

human and life. As is the case today, due to the

overproduction of wastewater and the improvement

of heavy and light industries. In the future, recycling

of wastewater and rainwater. Secondly, the control of

pollution sources needs to be secured and stopped.

The future requires innovations in wastewater

treatment. The significance of treating wastewater is

obvious to mankind as it does cause a lot of harm. In

the future, more water pollution treatments should be

developed, and the efficiency of the treatment needs

to be further improved so that the goal of going green

can be reached as soon as possible and at the same

time, the budget can be declined (Zhang, 2024).

6 CONCLUSION

This paper has drawn out the sewage treatment

options that are being studied and implemented

nowadays from the sewage problems that are being

faced by the cities nowadays. Wastewater treatment is

an important part of life in today's human society,

which is not only related to the ecological well-being

but also to the life and health of this human being.

Wastewater has a great impact on people and their

lives. As is the case today, due to the overproduction

of wastewater and heavy and light industry,

wastewater is becoming a significant amount of

recoverable resources. In the future, recycling of

wastewater and rainwater. The significance of

treating wastewater is obvious to mankind as it does

cause a lot of harm. Today people have various

wastewater treatment to the extent that they are able

to cope with the current threats and needs. Secondly,

the sources of pollution need to be secured and

stopped. The future requires innovations in

wastewater treatment. In the future. People should

favour research on more rapid treatments to cope with

the greater wastewater discharges in the future. Also

biological treatment deserves to be researched, which

is more environmentally friendly and can greatly

reduce expenses and thus expand the scope of control.

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