Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for

Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis

Selfi Handayani

1,*

, Nanang Wiyono

, Balgis

, Anggraeni Janar Wulan

Ety Sari Handayani

and Diah Kurnia Mirawati

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia

Departement of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Keywords: Acupuncture, Bibliometric, Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Abstract: Existing therapy of Neuro-degenerative Diseases (NDDs) is limited, hence acupuncture is needed. The aim

of this research is to determine development trends and hotspots, and to predict potential research directions

in this field by bibliometric analysis. By using the Scopus's electronic database, “Search document” within

title article, abstract, and key functions, basic publication and citation information was collected. The

timeframe was not set. The language was English. Complete bibliographic data were exported to the

bibliometric software applications VOSviewer. To demonstrate the recurrent keywords and terms included in

the titles and abstracts, visualization maps were created. A total of 2155 English articles on acupuncture and

NDDs published until 2023 were obtained. From 1995 to 2015, annual publications showed a steady growing

trend, and then grow up, especially in 2015–2022. China, Medicine United State, and Park HJ are the most

prolific country, journal, and author, respectively. Network acupuncture and Parkinson's disease are the focal

areas of current research. The primary areas of investigation in network acupuncture within the context of

NDDs encompass the relationship between network acupuncture and Parkinson's disease. Recently, there has

been significant study interest in the areas of network acupuncture and Parkinson's disease.

1 INTRODUCTION

Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs), characterized

by the progressive degeneration and deterioration

affecting both central and peripheral nervous system,

pose a substantial and growing burden on global

healthcare systems (Ayeni et al., 2022; Li et al.,

2022). The current tratments primarily focus on

symptom management, meanwhile a growing body of

research suggests that acupuncture, a traditional

Chinese medicine practice, may offer a promising

avenue for addressing the underlying mechanism of

these disorders. Acupuncture shows a potential role

in the management and treatment as an alternative

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-028X

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-4337

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-9549

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-3578

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-5680

supplementary medicine of some neurodegenerative

diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's

disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Zeng,

Salvage and Jenner, 2013; Guo and Ma, 2019; Wang

et al., 2023). Acupuncture's mechanisms of action,

which include neuro-protection, anti-inflammatory

effects, and modulation of neurotransmitters, offer a

multifaceted approach to tackling the

pathophysiological processes involved in these

conditions (Joh et al., 2010). Furthermore,

acupuncture's relative safety and minimal side effects

make it an attractive adjunct therapy for patients.

Published studies in terms of acupuncture has a

growing merge in recent years. Previous studies

116

Handayani, S., Wiyono, N., Balgis, , Wulan, A. J., Handayani, E. S. and Mirawati, D. K.

Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis.

DOI: 10.5220/0013666800003873

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Medical Science and Health (ICOMESH 2023), pages 116-125

ISBN: 978-989-758-740-5

stated that the the reporting quality of randomized

controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for mild

cognitive impairment including dementia and

Alzheimer’s diseases is moderate to low (Deng and

Wang, 2016; Zhou et al., 2022). Most of the clinical

trials have no allocation concealment and blinding

mentioned, nor did strictly followed the Consolidated

Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT)

statement and Standards for Reporting Interventions

in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA)

(Zhou et al., 2022). Since there is a lack of systematic

review of trends in this field, further studies are

needed. Bibliometric visualization analysis could

highlighted the quantitive characteristics of research

articles in a certain and spesific fields to help

researchers grasp the development point over time to

get an important indicatior for the following research

in the future (Ellegaard and Wallin, 2015; Li et al.,

2020; Zhou et al., 2022).

Bibliometric visualization analysis is a

quantitative analysis method that combines

mathematics and statistical methods, to analyze

numerous published academic literatures. This study

has advantages compared to other conventional

research methods, such as study review, meta-

analysis, and experimental or clinical research, which

couldn’t reach the same depth analysis results (Li et

al., 2022). Additional visualization applications used

in bibiliometric study, such as CiteSpace and

VOSviewer software to qualitatively and

quantitatively explore the contribution of authors,

countries/regions, institutions, and their cooperation

relationship (Li et al., 2020). VOSviewer software is

a visual bibliometric network software developed by

van Eck and Waltman in 2009 at Leiden University

in the Netherlands (van Eck and Waltman, 2010; Yue

et al., 2022). Meanwhile, CiteSpace software is a

visual information analysis software developed by

Professor Chen Chaomei of Drexel University, which

realizes multi-visual knowledge mapping in various

research fields (Yue et al., 2022) and help scholars

fully understand the research status, hotspots, and

trends.

Therefore, based on the Web of Science Core

Collection (WOSCC) database, this bibliometric

analysis investigated the research status, hotspots,

and trends of acupuncture for neurodegenerative

diseases using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to

understand the cooperative network, and evaluates

the research trends and frontiers.

2 METHODS

Library data is very important in bibliometric

analysis. Accuracy, completeness and accessibility of

data providers are some of the key factors for data

processing. Bibliometric examination could obtained

from five steps analysis (definition of search

keywords, initial search results, refining of search

results, gathering preliminary data statistic, and data

analysis) to collect entire data and assesment studies

of as shown in Figure 1(Handayani et al., 2022). In

this case the processing is done using VOSviewer and

bibliometrix software, to analyzed and gained output

in the form of links between authors, article links, etc.

Scopus provides this format, being a published

scientific research library database, which

significantly simplifies the process of bibliometric

analysis. This data set allows users to access all

elements of authorship, such as citation information,

bibliographic information, abstracts and keywords,

financing details, and other information (references

used, trade names, manufacturers, accession

numbers, and chemicals). Downloaded samples in

CSV and BibTeX formats can then be processed in

VOSviewer (Nandiyanto and Al Husaeni, 2022).

Figure 1: Five Phase of bibliometric analysis (Handayani et

al., 2022).

All data from the Scopus database is imported into

VOSviewer v.1.6.16, which is typically used to

analyze and visualize the relationship between

authors, countries, shared citations and terms used in

articles. Publications are systematically sorted and

graded according to year of publication, research area,

journal title, country, organizational affiliation, and

author. Furthermore, the keyword frequency extracted

from the articles is included in the network analysis.

Different nodes represent different countries,

institutions and keywords, while circle or font sizes

reflect productivity. The strength of the links between

nodes represents increased collaboration across

countries, institutions, authors, and shared events (Fu,

Lv and Li, 2023).

The Bibliometrix R software package (version R

4.2.2) provides a set of tools for quantitative research.

It is developed in R language, an open-source

environment, and in an ecosystem. Significant and

Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis

117

effective statistical algorithms, access to high-quality

numerical routines, and the provision of integrated

data visualization tools are among the strongest

features of the software. Bibliometrix is an open-

source tool for quantitative research in scientometrics

and bibliometrics that includes all major bibliometric

analysis methods (Kemeç and Altınay, 2023).

In this study, The data was obtained from the

Scopus database with the keywords “Acupuncture”

OR electroacupuncture OR "Neurodegenerative" OR

"Neurologic Degenerative" OR "Nervous System

Degenerative" OR "Neurodegenerative Disorder" OR

"neurodegenerative diseases" OR "Neurologic

Degenerative Condition" OR "Neurologic

Degenerative" OR "Degenerative Neurologic

Disorder" OR "Alzheimer Disease" OR "Cognitive

dysfunction" OR "Alzheimer’s disease" OR alzheimer

OR "Parkinson’s disease" OR pd OR "Huntington

disease" OR "Huntington’s disease" OR

"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Timeframe was not

set, language preferences is English, resulting in a

total of 2155 documents. Complete bibliographic data

were exported to the bibliometric software

applications VOSviewer for additional analysis. To

demonstrate the recurrent keywords and terms

included in the titles and abstracts, visualization maps

were created.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Annual Publication Trends

Total publications obtained are 2155 articles from

every beginning of 1935. The nuber of global articles

about acupuncture for neurodegenerative diseases has

shown an increase in the last seven years (2015 –

2022). Between 2021 and 2022 there has been a rapid

increases in literature published, 2022 counted as the

highest published year with 255 articles in total (Fig

2).

Figure 2: Number of annual publications on Acupuncture

for Neurodegenerative diseases over the years from Scopus

database

3.2 Analysis of Authors

A total of 159 authors were involved in all articles

related to acupuncture for neurodegenerative therapy.

The top three authors are Park HJ (30), Li Z (21), Liu

C.Z (19), Jia J (16), and Lim S (16). In addition, the

top 15 authors published a total of 102 articles,

accounting for 4.7% of the total articles (Fig. 2).

Figure 3: The top 10 authors with the most published

articles on acupuncture for neurodegenerative disease

3.3 Analysis of Country / Territority

In terms of number of publications, the top 10

countries/regions are China (840 articles), United

States (424 articles), South Korea (179 articles),

Japan (95), United Kingdom (88), Germany (76),

Taiwan (69), Italy (66), India (55), Turkey (52)

(Figure 3). China, where acupuncture originate, has

most of the publications approximately 38,9% of all

articles related.

Figure 4: The top 10 regions with the most publications

about acupuncture for neurodegenerative disease

3.4 Analysis of Subject

Based on bibliometric analysis, acupuncture for

neurodegenerative diseases invloves in many

research subject. The top five subject area are

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Medicine in 1120 articles, Neuroscience in 414

articles, Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular

Biology in 381 arciles, Chemistry in 303 articles, and

Physics Astronomy in 158 articles.

Figure 5: Subject area in acupuncture for neurodegenerative

diseases articles published

3.5 Analysis of Sources

The results of analysis present that the highest

publication year happened in 2022, along the highest

publication rating comes from Evidence Based

Complementary and Alternative Medicine with 75

(3,5%) papers published, followed by the second

place from Medicine United States with 66 articles

(2,06%).

Figure 6. Source of articles with the most number of

publications

3.6 Analysis of Affiliation

The uiversity affiliation with the highest number of

publications in terms of acupuncture for

neurodegenerative diseases was Beijing University of

Chinese Medicine with 79 publications, since China

also counted as the most highest publication country.

Moreover, Kyung Hee University ranked second with

77 publications, it is worth mentioning earlier we

found that the most prolific author Park HJ who was

contributed 30 publications was affiliated with Kyung

Hee University. The third and fourth rank was

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of

China with 69 articles, and Guangzhou University of

Chinese Medicine with 63 articles.

Figure 7: Top ten affiliation of acupuncture for

neurodegenerative diseases

3.7 Analysis of the Keyword

Keywords, especially those used with high-

frequency, usually represent research subject

hotspots. In order to detect the most frequently used

directions and topics in acupuncture for

neurodegenerative diseases research field to aimed a

better understanding in development trends. This

analysis helps to quickly indetify the topic and focus

of the publication. The most frequently used

keywords in this study are “acupuncture”,

“parkinson’s disease”, and “electroacupuncture”. The

top x number of keywords are used to create a cluster

map of occurrences with keywords (Fig 7) from each

time slice to obtain 5 clusters, As shown in Figure 8,

the colors in the overlay visualization identify the

average keyword publication year. The density

visualization shows keywords according to their

frequency of occurrence (Fig 9).

Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis

119

Figure 8: Keyword co-occurence network map

Figure 9. Keywords overlay visualization

Figure 10. Keywords density visualization

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Table 1: Top 20 most cited literatures

Rank Authors Title Year Source title

Cita-

tion

Reference

1 Gorelick P.B.; Scuteri A.;

Black S.E.; Decarli C.;

Greenberg S.M.; Iadecola

C.; Launer L.J.; Laurent S.;

Lopez O.L.; Nyenhuis D.;

Petersen R.C.; Schneider

J.A.; Tzourio C.; Arnett

D.K.; Bennett D.A.; Chui

H.C.; Higashida R.T.;

Lindquist R.; Nilsson

P.M.; Roman G.C.; Sellke

F.W.; Seshadri S.

Vascular contributions

to cognitive impairment

and dementia: A

statement for healthcare

professionals from the

American Heart

Association/American

Stroke Association

2011 Stroke 2662 (Gorelick

et al.,

2011)

2 Finniss D.G.; Kaptchuk

T.J.; Miller F.; Benedetti F.

Biological, clinical, and

ethical advances of

lacebo effects

2010 The Lancet 931 (Finniss et

al., 2010)

3 Seppi K.; Ray Chaudhuri

K.; Coelho M.; Fox S.H.;

Katzenschlager R.; Perez

Lloret S.; Weintraub D.;

Sampaio C.; Chahine L.;

Hametner E.-M.; Heim B.;

Lim S.-Y.; Poewe W.;

amshidian-Tehrani A.

Update on treatments for

nonmotor symptoms of

Parkinson's disease—an

evidence-based

medicine review

2019 Movement

Disorders

541 (Seppi et

al., 2019)

4 Munro N.B.; Talmage

S.S.; Griffin G.D.; Waters

L.C.; Watson A.P.; King

J.F.; Hauschild V.

The sources, fate, and

toxicity of chemical

warfare agent

radation

roducts

1999 Environmen

tal Health

Perspectives

506 (Munro et

al., 1999)

4 Fox S.H.; Katzenschlager

R.; Lim S.-Y.; Ravina B.;

Seppi K.; Coelho M.;

Poewe W.; Rascol O.;

Goetz C.G.; Sampaio C.

The movement disorder

society evidence-based

medicine review update:

Treatments for the

motor symptoms of

Parkinson's disease

2011 Movement

Disorders

493 (Fox et al.,

2011)

5 Hu Z.; Liu X.; Meng D.;

Guo Y.; Guo Y.; Lu G.

Effect of Ceria Crystal

Plane on the

Physicochemical and

Catalytic Properties of

Pd/Ceria for CO and

Propane Oxidation

2016 ACS

Catalysis

473 (Hu et al.,

2016)

6 Réus G.Z.; Fries G.R.;

Stertz L.; Badawy M.;

Passos I.C.; Barichello T.;

Kapczinski F.; Quevedo J.

The role of

inflammation and

microglial activation in

the pathophysiology of

sychiatric disorders

2015 Neuroscienc

438 (Réus et

al., 2015)

7 Wagner G.W.; Bartram

P.W.; Koper O.; Klabunde

K.J.

Reactions of VX, GD,

and HD with nanosize

1999 Journal of

Physical

Chemistr

365 Wagner et

al, 2022

8 Lonergan P.; Tindall D. Androgen receptor

signaling in prostate

cancer development and

rogression

2011 Journal of

Carcinogene

sis

348 Lonergan,

et al., 2011

9 Hamblin M.R. Shining light on the

head:

Photobiomodulation for

rain disorders

2016 BBA

Clinical

313 (Hamblin,

2016)

Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis

121

10 Kuo M.-F.; Paulus W.;

Nitsche M.A.

Therapeutic effects of

non-invasive brain

stimulation with direct

currents (tDCS) in

neuropsychiatric

diseases

2014 NeuroImage 310 (Kuo,

Paulus and

Nitsche,

2014)

11 Benedetti F.; Carlino E.;

Pollo A.

How placebos change

the Patient's brain

2011 Neuropsych

opharmacol

ogy

303 (Benedetti,

Carlino and

Pollo,

2011)

12 Seidel K.; Siswanto S.;

Brunt E.R.P.; Den Dunnen

W.; Korf H.-W.; Rüb U.

Brain pathology of

spinocerebellar ataxias

2012 Acta

Neuropathol

ica

289 (Seidel et

al., 2012)

13 Seeram N.P.; Lee R.;

Scheuller H.S.; Heber D.

Identification of

phenolic compounds in

strawberries by liquid

chromatography

electrospray ionization

mass spectroscopy

2006 Food

Chemistry

263 Seeram, et

al., 2006

14 Huang W.; Pach D.;

Napadow V.; Park K.;

Long X.; Neumann J.;

Maeda Y.; Nierhaus T.;

Liang F.; Witt C.M.

Characterizing

acupuncture stimuli

using brain imaging

with fMRI - a systematic

review and meta-

analysis of the literature

2012 PLoS ONE 206 Huang W

et al., 2012

15 Xiong Z.; Zhao D.; Pan G. Rapid and complete

destruction of

perchlorate in water and

ion-exchange brine

using stabilized zero-

valent iron nano

articles

2007 Water

Research

201 (Xiong,

Zhao and

Pan, 2007)

16 Wang Y.; Liu G.; Hong D.;

Chen F.; Ji X.; Cao G.

White matter injury in

ischemic stroke

2016 Progress in

Neurobiolog

184 (Wang et

al., 2016)

17 Valincius G.; Heinrich F.;

Budvytyte R.; Vanderah

D.J.; McGillivray D.J.;

Sokolov Y.; Hall J.E.;

Lösche M.

Soluble amyloid β-

oligomers affect

dielectric membrane

properties by bilayer

insertion and domain

formation: Implications

for cell toxicit

2008 Biophysical

Journal

183 (Valincius

et al.,

2008)

18 Sato H.; Toth R.S. Effect of additional

elements on the period

of CuAu II and the

origin of the long-period

erlattice

1961 Physical

Review

174 (Tâm et al.,

2016)

19 Gallagher D.A.; Schrag A. Psychosis, apathy,

depression and anxiety

in Parkinson's disease

2012 Neurobiolog

y of Disease

172 (Callagher

et al., 2012)

20 Zhang H.; Ozbay F.;

Lappalainen J.; Kranzler

H.R.; Van Dyck C.H.;

Charney D.S.; Price L.H.;

Southwick S.; Yang B.-Z.;

Rasmussen A.; Gelernter J.

Brain derived

neurotrophic factor

(BDNF) gene variants

and Alzheimer's disease,

affective disorders,

posttraumatic stress

disorder, schizophrenia,

and substance

dependence

2006 American

Journal of

Medical

Genetics,

Part B:

Neuropsychi

atric

Genetics

168 (Zhang et

al., 2006)

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3.8 Analysis of Document Type

Document type of the publications is also important

to direct and re-direct prior studies and future

research trends. Most of the publications related to

acupuncture for neurodegenerative studies are in

Articles type in total of 1546 publications (71,7%),

followed by 394 review (18,3%), and 84 conference

paper (3,9%). All of the document type shown in Fig

10, the others type are conference review and

retracted.

Figure 11: Document types of all the publications related to

acupuncture for neurodegenerative diseases

3.9 Analysis of Funding Sponsor

Funding sponsor may also play a role in studies

development. Bibliometric study allow us to looked

up to the funding sponsor of the publications. The

highest rank is National Natural Science Foundation

of China in 340 total publications, followed by

National Research Foundation of Korea in 64

publications (Fig 11). These funding sponsor also

related to the top two Country / Nations with the

highest publications (China and Korea).

Figure 12: Top 10 of the funding sponsor in publications of

acupuncture for neurodegenerative diseases

4 DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Literatures Publication Output

Based on search and analysis results, it shown that

there has been a significant increase in acupuncture

for neurodegenerative diseases mainly in last seven

years (2015 – 2022). This trends related to how

treatment plans nowadays focusing on minimally

invasive treatment, as how acupuncture offers. A total

of 2155 literatures from 80 countries within 160

institutes engaged with this topic.

4.2 Literature Publication Quality

Literatures distribution reflects the overall quality of

studies about acupuncture for neurodegenerative

studies. Among the top 20 cited articles, most of them

discussed about acupuncture and its effect on

movement disorder mainly Parkinson’s diseases, and

stroke. Molecular changes effect of acupuncture also

shows a significant ammount on the top 20 cited

articles, related to neuroscience, neuropharmacology,

neurobiology, and neuropsychiatrics. Since judging

research quality solely by journal distribution, it is

necessary to assess the literature through the

frequency of citations. Acupuncture counted as a

nonpharmacological interventions on parkinson’s

diseases and the eficacy remains insufficient

evidence, with acceptable risk without specialized

monitoring, thereby there is a need for further

research to investigate (Seppi et al., 2019). Most cited

studies stated acupuncture showed cognitive benefit

in a rodent model of Vascular dementia, but still

inconclusive which indicates that more studies are

needed (Gorelick et al., 2011).

4.3 Cooperation Status

This bibliometric study shows an uneven distribution

of acupuncture for neurodegenerative diseases, most

of the studies published from China, followed by

United States and South Korea. Meanwhile, the most

cited literatures comes from American Heart

Association which talks about cognitive

rehabilitation with acupuncture. Country

collaboration and cooperation between United States

and other countries is more than China collaboration.

4.4 Strength and Limitations

This bibilometric study focusing more into quantitive

analysis than qualitative analysis. Selected literature

Research Trends and Hotspots of Acupuncture for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis

123

from a representative and high-quality SCOPUS

database. We performed a visual analysis of the

literature in terms of acupuncture for

neurodegenerative diseases and the overall situation

and general trends. Literatures included in this study

has no time range, with English language selection

only.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The primary areas of investigation in network

acupuncture within the context of neurodegenerative

diseases (NDDs) encompass the relationship between

network acupuncture and Parkinson's disease.

Recently, there has been significant study interest in

the areas of network acupuncture and Parkinson's

disease.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors are grateful to Universitas Sebelas Maret

for supporting this research. This work was supported

by the Collaborative Research of Domestic

Universities Funding 2023.

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