Liquid Waste Data Collection Uses the Internet of Things (IoT) Using

Data Queues

Iwan Fitrianto Rahmad

, Muhammad Zarlis

, Helmi Kurniawan

and Mas Ayoe Elhias Nst

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Potensi Utama, Indonesia

Information System Management Department, BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Information System Management,

Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

ﬁ

Keywords:

IoT, Data Queues, NodeMCU 8266 Microcontroller.

Abstract:

Industrial wastewater can pollute the environment if not managed properly. The concept of Internet of Things

(IoT) can be implemented in monitoring liquid waste content remotely and providing notiﬁcations on Android

devices by communicating via the internet. To apply this IoT concept, the tools or sensors used to measure

the volume of liquid waste that comes out must be able to communicate with an Android smartphone or

computer. This system consists of three units: input, process, and output. The input unit consists of a Ds18b20

temperature sensor, turbidity sensor, water ﬂow sensor, and pH sensor which are used to measure input data to

be sent to the process unit. The data received by the process unit is in the form of voltage which is converted

based on the formula on each sensor. The processing unit uses the NodeMCU 8266 microcontroller to process

data before it is sent to the output unit. The output unit consists of a 16x2 LCD and a web server which receives

data from the processing unit for display. The results of system testing show that all input, process and output

units can function properly as expected. Thus, the IoT concept can be applied to remote data collection and

monitoring of industrial wastewater content to ensure that the liquid waste discharged meets predetermined

quality standards and does not pollute the environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial liquid waste is the residue from the pro-

duction process or industrial activities in liquid form,

which is present at a time and place that can harm

the surrounding environment. Liquid waste that is

not managed properly can have a negative impact on

aquatic ecosystems, affect the environmental balance,

and even have a negative impact on living things.

Therefore, waste must be managed properly and meet

quality standards before being disposed of so as not to

pollute the environment. According to the Regulation

of the State Minister for the Environment Number 03

of 2010 concerning Industrial Liquid Waste Quality

Standards (Nursidiq et al., 2021), liquid waste that

is suitable for disposal must have a pH of 6-9. One

method of measuring pH levels in liquid waste is to

use a pH meter. In addition, the turbidity value is also

an indicator, that is, it cannot exceed 25 NTU at tur-

bidity and the temperature cannot exceed 38 degrees

Celsius. To overcome this liquid waste, it is neces-

sary to measure parameters such as temperature, pH,

and turbidity using several electronic sensors such as

DS18B20 Temperature, GE Turbidity Water Turbid-

ity, and pH Sensors. The concept of Internet of Things

(IoT) (Munawar, 2023) can be applied in monitor-

ing liquid waste remotely via the internet. In imple-

menting IoT, information such as pH, temperature and

NTU can be sent to monitor liquid waste. This infor-

mation will be sent and displayed on Web Monitoring,

and stored by the server in real-time, so that it can be

accessed via a PC or smartphone (Kusumawardhana

et al., 2018).

2 RELATED WORK

Previously, research was carried out by Pramudya

Mahardika Kusumawardhana, Mochammad Hannats

Hanaﬁ Ichsan, and Rakhmadhany Primananda in

2018 with the title ”Implementation of Wireless Sen-

sor Data Storage with MongoDB in the IoT Environ-

ment Using the MQTT Protocol” (Kusumawardhana

et al., 2018). This study concludes that MQTT can

302

Rahmad, I., Zarlis, M., Kurniawan, H. and Nst, M.

Liquid Waste Data Collection Uses the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Data Queues.

DOI: 10.5220/0012457400003848

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development (ICAISD 2023), pages 302-306

ISBN: 978-989-758-678-1

be connected to the NodeMCU microcontroller in a

wiﬁ network with an accuracy rate of 75% within a

distance of 4 meters to 20 meters. MQTTBroker can

also send data stacks of 50, 100, up to 1500 data into

a MongoDB database. Another study

conducted by Denny Kuriando, Agustinus No-

ertjahyana, and Resmana Lim in 2017 with the ti-

tle ”Detection of Water Volume in Gallons Based

on the Internet of Things Using Arduino and An-

droid” (Kuriando et al., 2017), concluded that the

water ﬂow sensor has an error percentage of 0.48%

and is suitable for use in the manufacture of water

volume detectors. Research conducted by M. Irfan

Wahyuni, Hollanda Arief Kusuma, and Sapta Nu-

graha in 2021 entitled “Development of an Internet of

Things (IoT)-Based Water Flow Measurement Tool”

(Kusuma et al., 2021), concludes that Water Flow

Sensors can obtain information on water discharge

and water usage every minute sent to the Thingspeak

platform with an excellent data transmission success

rate of 98.1%. The signal quality at the equipment

placement location is in a sufﬁcient and good signal

condition. In addition, research conducted by Dwi

Adhe Ayu Novitasari, Dedi Triyanto, and Irma Nirmal

in 2018 entitled ”Design of a Microcontroller-Based

Industrial Waste Monitoring System with a Website

Interface” (Novitasari and Nirmala, 2018), concluded

that the design system can transmit data readings with

sensors using Arduino Mega 2560 to read the param-

eter values of pH, temperature, and turbidity of liquid

waste. The value obtained from the measurement pro-

cess is then converted from voltage form (analog) to

digital form to be displayed on the website in graph-

ical form and data tables for sensor reading values

with an average difference in pH parameter readings

of 2.14% and temperature of 0.37% . Finally, re-

search conducted by Tri Rahajoeningroem and Asgia

Setya Mardika in 2021 entitled “Control and Monitor-

ing System of Tofu Liquid Waste Parameters as a Hy-

droponic Plant Nutrient Solution Based on the Inter-

net of Things (IoT)” (Mardika and Rahajoeningroem,

2021), concluded on the 3rd of Liquid organic fer-

tilizer/ The nutrient solution produced by the hydro-

ponic process as many as 25 pieces had a TDS content

of 833 ppm, a temperature of 26°C, and a pH content

of 6, and was off-white in

3 DATA COLLECTION

TECHNIQUE

Previously, several waste monitoring system studies

used the Arduino Uno/Mega 2560 R3 as a controller

and an ethernet shield to add network functions (Na-

jmul, 2021). In waste processing companies, waste

from other companies is taken or delivered to the lo-

cation of the waste processing company for monitor-

ing and processing. In designing a liquid waste mon-

itoring tool based on the Internet of Things, there are

several problems that must be solved, namely the tool

design system and the tool work system. This tool

design system was built to overcome problems when

designing an Internet of Things-based liquid waste

monitoring tool which is quite complicated because it

requires imagination in designing the component lay-

out, program ﬂow, and overall tool assembly. While

the working system of this tool is designed to read

sensors and store data in a database. The data can be

accessed through the website for display. Data will

continue to be stored every 5 seconds to get the lat-

est value from the sensor. The hardware design of

an Internet of Things-based liquid waste monitoring

device begins with the creation of a system block dia-

gram. Each block is connected to each other to show

the structure of the system in a clear and simple way,

making it easier to analyze how the circuit works.

Figure 1: Data capture system block diagram.

The explanation and function of each circuit block

are as follows: NodeMCU ESP8266 : Functions as

the main controller for the entire system and connect-

ing to the network. NodeMCU ESP8266 (Pangestu

et al., 2019) can also retrieve data from other sensors

and send it to the server via an internet connection.

Ds18b20 Temperature Sensor: Serves as a tempera-

ture gauge in liquid waste. This sensor can provide

information on the temperature of the liquid waste

being monitored.WaterFlow Sensor: Serves as a mea-

sure of the volume of liquid waste. This sensor can

calculate the amount of liquid waste ﬂowing in liters

per minute or other units.Turbidity Sensor : Serves as

a measure of turbidity level in liquid waste. This sen-

sor can provide information on how turbid the mon-

itored liquid waste is.pH Sensor : Serves as a mea-

sure of the level of acidity in liquid waste. This sen-

sor can provide information on the level of acidity in

the liquid waste being monitored. LCD : Serves as a

data display medium that can display information pro-

vided by sensors installed in the circuit, such as tem-

Liquid Waste Data Collection Uses the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Data Queues

303

perature, volume, turbidity, and acidity level of liquid

waste.

Figure 2: Overall components.

The DS18B20 temperature sensor (Saha et al.,

2021) is a single or 1 wire only digital temperature

sensor communication data line pin. Each DS18B20

sensor has a 64-bit serial number unique, meaning

that it can use multiple sensors on the same power bus

(multiple sensors connected to the same GPIO). This

is especially useful for recording data for temperature

control projects. The Waterﬂow (Zhang et al., 2021)

sensor works to read the resulting rotor rotation speed

by the speed of the water ﬂow. The working principle

of this sensor measures the ﬂow of water in a certain

way calculate the rotation of the wheels contained in

this tool. In the wheel has a magnet and when it ro-

tates it produces a corresponding magnet Hall effect

phenomenon. The phenomenon of the Hall Effect is

based on the effect of a magnetic ﬁeld on moving

charged particles. The faster the current ﬂows With

this sensor, the rotation of the rotor will be faster so

that the numbers are read on the sensor to be large.

Turbidity (Noor et al., 2019) Sensor is a sensor mod-

ule that reads the turbidity of water particles turbidity

is basically invisible to the naked eye. More particles

in water indicates that the level of water turbidity is

also high. The higher it is water turbidity Changes

in the output voltage through the sensor Measures the

pH (acidity or freedom) of liquids. Acidity meter (pH

meter) (Helmy et al., 2020) usually consists of a mea-

suring probe connected to an electronic device Mea-

sures and displays the pH value. Basics of Measuring

pH Potency for using a pH meter the electrochemical

reactions that occur between the contained solutions

in a known glass electrode with an externally sup-

plied solution34 unknown glass electrode. this prob-

lem Due to the thin layer of glass bubbles interact with

hydrogen ions Relatively small and active. LCD (Liq-

uid Crystal Display) (Aljamali and Molim, 2021) is

an electronically modulated optical device which uses

the modulating light properties of liquid crystal com-

posites with Polarizers. The LCD circuit functions to

display the currently lit data set of tools. I2C is a two-

way serial communication standard using two identi-

cal channels speciﬁcally designed to send and receive

data. The I2C (Anand and Azheruddin, 2019) system

consists of SCL (Serial Clock) and SDA (Serial Data)

channels that carry data information between I2C and

controller. IC CD4051 (Huda, 2021) is IC 4051 which

is a working IC as multiplexers and demultiplexers.

This type of IC has 8 analog channels can function

as digital automatically. When used as a multiplexer,

This IC can select one of eight inputs.

4 DATA QUEUE

Queue (Brock et al., 2019) is a type of data structure

that is used to store and organize data in a FIFO (First

In First Out) manner, meaning that data that enters

ﬁrst will be issued ﬁrst as well. This algorithm is often

used in applications or systems that require queuing,

such as messaging systems, customer service systems

at banks, or data retrieval systems on IoT sensors. In

its implementation, the ”queue” algorithm uses an ar-

ray as a placeholder for the received data queue. The

array has a variable ”maxsize” which determines the

maximum size of the queue. In addition, there are also

other variables needed to set the position of data in the

queue, such as ”amount” which stores the amount of

data currently in the queue, ”front” which indicates

the position of the data at the front in the queue. ,

and ”back” which shows the last data position in the

queue.

Here is a detailed description of the ”queue” algo-

rithm:

1. Declare the variable ”maxsize” as the maximum

size of the queue, which indicates the maximum

amount of data that the queue can accept.

2. Declare a ”queue” structure consisting of several

variables, namely:

• ”amount” which is an integer type variable to

store the amount of data currently in the queue.

• ”front” which is an integer type variable to in-

dicate the position of the frontmost data in the

queue.

• ”behind” which is an integer type variable to

indicate the last data position in the queue.

• ”data” which is an array of type char to store

data in a queue.

3. Create an ”enqueue” function that is used to en-

ter data into the queue. This function accepts pa-

rameters in the form of data to be included in the

queue. The steps performed in this function are:

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

304

• Check whether the queue is full or not (if the

amount of data in the queue has reached the

maximum size). If it is full, displays an error

message and exits the function.

• If the queue is not full, add data to the queue at

the ”back” position by copying the data into the

”data” array at the same index as ”back”.

• Increase the ”count” variable by 1 to indicate

that the number of records in the queue is in-

creasing.

• Shift the position ”back” to the next index

(modulo ”maxsize”) to indicate the position of

the new last data.

4. Create a function ”dequeue” which is used to pull

data out of the queue. This function does not ac-

cept any parameters. The steps performed in this

function are:

• Check whether the queue is empty or not (if the

number of data in the queue is 0). If empty, dis-

plays an error message and exits the function.

• If the queue is not empty, save the data in the

”front” position.

like the following syntax

#include <ESP8266WiFi. h>

#include <SoftwareSerial. h>

#include <QueueArray. h>

// declare pins for pH sensor (in this example,

pins D4 and D3)

Software Serial pH sensor(D4, D3);

// declare queue to store pH values

QueueArray<int> pHValues;

void setup() {

// start serial communication

Serial. begin(9600);

// set baud rate for pH sensor

pHsensor. begin(9600);

//connect to WiFi

WiFi. begin("ssid", "password");

// wait for WiFi connection

while (WiFi. status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(1000);

Serial. println("Connecting to WiFi...");

}

Serial. println("Connected to WiFi.");

}

void loop() {

// declare variable to store sensor value

int sensorValue;

// send command to read pH value

pHsensor. println(’R’);

// wait for 500 milliseconds for the pH

sensor to respond

delay(500);

// read data sent by pH sensor

while (pHsensor.available()) {

sensorValue = pHsensor.read();

if (isDigit(sensorValue)) {

pHValues. push(sensorValue - ’0’);

}

// check if queue is not empty

if (!pHValues. isEmpty()) {

Serial. print("pH: ");

// print all pH values in the queue

while (!pHValues.isEmpty()) {

// convert pH value from integer to

floating point and print to serial

monitor

Serial. print(pHValues. pop() /

100.0, 2);

Serial. print(", ");

}

Serial. println();

}

// wait for 5 seconds before taking

the next pH reading

delay(5000);

}

Table 1: Data retrieval.

Time pH Volume Turbidity Temperature

9:47:34 7.00 0.77 39.21 27.81

9:47:40 7.00 0.77 41.38 27.81

9:47:46 7.00 0.77 41.22 27.81

9:47:52 7.00 0.77 41.61 27.81

9:47:58 7.11 0.77 41.07 27.81

9:48:04 8.81 0.77 39.28 27.81

9:48:09 8.10 0.77 40.60 27.81

9:48:15 7.79 0.77 40.68 27.81

9:48:21 7.65 0.77 40.99 27.81

9:48:27 7.42 0.77 39.90 27.81

9:48:33 7.39 0.77 40.06 27.81

9:48:39 7.31 0.77 39.05 27.81

9:48:44 7.37 0.77 39.90 27.88

9:48:50 7.54 0.77 39.44 27.81

9:48:56 7.28 0.77 39.75 27.81

9:49:02 7.31 0.77 39.21 27.81

9:49:08 7.28 0.77 39.36 27.88

9:49:14 7.34 0.77 39.28 27.88

9:49:19 7.39 0.77 40.37 27.88

Figure 3: Graph of average waste data.

Liquid Waste Data Collection Uses the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Data Queues

305

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of research that has been done, it

can be taken conclusion as follows: From the results

of the tests that have been carried out, it can be seen

that the Tool Internet Of Things (IoT) Based Liquid

Waste Monitoring that can increase the parameters

of pH, temperature, turbidity and waste volume dis-

played on a 16 x 2 LCD and website interface, Based

on the test results of the tool, the server receives data

every 300 milliseconds but the server stores sensor

data every 5 seconds, After testing the liquid waste

monitoring system as a whole with 3 different liquids

namely tap water, palm waste and coffee. Percentage

of successful tests of all monitoring systems is 100%.

REFERENCES

Aljamali, N. and Molim, J. (2021). Review on engineering

designs for laboratory chemical devices and displays.

J. Control Instrum. Eng, 7(2):38–46,.

Anand, M. and Azheruddin, M. Develoment of Veriﬁcation

Environment for I2C Controller Using System Verilog

and UVM.

Brock, B., Buluc¸, A., and Yelick, K. (2019). Bcl: A cross-

platform distributed data structures library. In Pro-

ceedings of the 48th International Conf. on Parallel

Processing, page 1–10.

Helmy, H., Janah, D., Nursyahid, A., Mara, M., Setyawan,

T., and Nugroho, A. (2020). Nutrient solution acid-

ity control system on nft-based hydroponic plants us-

ing multiple linear regression method. In 2020 7th

International Conf. on Information Technology, Com-

puter, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE, page

272–276.

Huda, F. (2021). Handheld electrocardiogram design.

J. Electron. Electromed. Eng. Med. Informatics,

3(1):14–18.

Kuriando, D., Noertjahyana, A., and Lim, R. (2017). Pende-

teksi volume air pada galon berbasis internet of things

dengan menggunakan arduino dan android. J. Infra,

5(2):202–207,.

Kusuma, H., Wahyuni, M., and Nugrah, S. (2021). Pengem-

bangan Instrumen Pengukuran Aliran air berbasis in-

ternet of things (IoT). J. Elektro dan Mesin Terap,

7(1):47–56.

Kusumawardhana, P., Ichsan, M., and Primananda, R.

(2018). Implementasi Penyimpanan Data Sensor

Nirkabel dengan MongoDB pada Lingkungan IOT

Menggunakan Protokol MQTT. J. Pengemb. Teknol.

Inf. dan Ilmu Komput. e-ISSN, 2548:964.

Mardika, A. and Rahajoeningroem, T. (2021). Sistem

Kendali dan Monitoring Parameter Limbah Cair Tahu

sebagai Larutan Nutrisi Tanaman Hidroponik Beba-

sis Internet of Things. Telekontran J. Ilm. Telekomun.

Kendali dan Elektron. Terap, 9(1):48–59.

Munawar, Z. (2023). Fundamental Internet of Things (IoT):

Memahami Teori dan Penerapannya. Kaizen Media

Publishing.

Najmul, H. (2021). A study on data monitoring of multiple

sensors and internet service.

Noor, A., Supriyanto, A., and Rhomadhona, H. (2019). Ap-

likasi pendeteksi kualitas air menggunakan turbidity

sensor dan arduino berbasis web mobile. J. Coreit,

5(1).

Novitasari, D. and Nirmala, D. (2018). Rancang bangun

sistem monitoring pada limbah cair industri berbasis

mikrokontroler dengan antarmuka website. Coding J.

Komput. dan Apl, 6(3).

Nursidiq, M., Hadi, M., Lubis, M., and Riza, F. (2021).

Pengelolaan limbah industri sebagai upaya pencega-

han pencemaran lingkungan pada masyarakat kelura-

han tangkahan di kawasan industri modern medan. Ih-

san J. Pengabdi. Masy, 3(1):90–102.

Pangestu, A., Ardianto, F., and Alfaresi, B. (2019). Sistem

monitoring beban listrik berbasis arduino nodemcu

esp8266. J. Ampere, 4(1):187–197.

Saha, R., Biswas, S., Sarmah, S., Karmakar, S., and Das,

P. (2021). A working prototype using ds18b20 tem-

perature sensor and arduino for health monitoring. SN

Comput. Sci, 2:1–21.

Zhang, X., Shan, X., Xie, T., Miao, J., Du, H., and

Song, R. (2021). Harbor seal whisker inspired self-

powered piezoelectric sensor for detecting the under-

water ﬂow angle of attack and velocity. Measurement,

172:108866.

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

306