Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by

Newton Law

Siti Nurlina Ripani

, Rifa’atul Maulidah

and Aripin

Department of Physics Education, University of Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No 24, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Android-Based e-Module, Lectora Inspire, Newton Law, Valid and Practical.

Abstract: This study shows that the design of an Android-based e-module using Lectora Inspire is valid and practical

for learning Newton's law. The research method used is Research and Development. Its design in this study

is the ADDIE development model consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation,

and evaluation. The subjects of this research are experts, peers, and students. The testing procedure is carried

out through validity and practicality tests. Data was collected using interview instruments and questionnaires.

All data were analysed qualitatively (for interview data as well as suggestions and comments from experts,

peers, and students) and quantitatively (for assessment data from experts, peers, and students using a Likert

scale). The results show that the learning media in the form of an android-based e-module designed using the

Lectora Inspire application on Newton's Law material is valid and practical. The conclusions related to the

design of Android-based e-modules that must be considered are complete and explicit material to help students

learn independently, a precise selection of type, size, and colour of letters, and the use of effective sentences

so that students understand.

1 INTRODUCTION

Technology and information that are developing

more rapidly will affect various aspects, one of which

is the aspect of education. Teachers, as one the actors

in the realm of education, must have the ability to

utilize technology and information, by using digital

technology, communication facilities, and/or

appropriate networks to access, manage, evaluate,

and create information that will function in the

learning process (Solihudin, 2018). Those

requirements are under one of the learning principles

that became the basis for the development of process

standards for primary and secondary education,

summarized in Permendikbud Number 22 of 2016

about the use of information and communication

technology to increase the efficiency and

effectiveness of learning.

Physics is a part of science that studies

phenomena or natural phenomena and their

interactions with observable objects/matter to

microscopic objects/matter. Some students find it

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9055-4212

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-1225

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-2155

challenging to study physics, as research has shown

that out of 120 students in 3 schools, 51% of students

think physics is difficult to understand (Azizah et al.,

2015). This difficulty can be caused by the many

formulas and concepts that must be mastered,

including Newton's law material. As the results of a

preliminary study on Public High School 5

Tasikmalaya students, where 48% of students said it

was challenging to apply Newton's laws in everyday

life and 54% of students had difficulty describing

force vectors (force directions) and determining the

types of forces acting on an object.

The learning media that is used in learning

Physics is a module. The module assists in

determining student competency achievement in the

material studied (Simamora et al., 2017). A learning

module is a unit of learning activity planned and

designed to assist students so that learning objectives

are achieved (Fauzan, 2021). As technology

continues to develop, many shifts have shifted from

print-based to digital-based media. Likewise,

learning modules that have transformed into

248

Nurlina Ripani, S., Maulidah, R. and Aripin, A.

Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by Newton Law.

DOI: 10.5220/0012199300003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 248-257

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

electronic form are known as electronic modules (e-

modules).

Learning modules designed in printed form tend

to be more varied and attractive to students

(Sidiq&Najuah, 2020). The printed learning module

in question is a module that has yet to be based on

digital technology. Even though digital technology is

currently developing rapidly, teachers are required to

utilize technology in the learning process. As for

some of the existing electronic modules, they only

transfer hard copies of textbooks to soft documents in

doc, pdf formats, and so on (Kiruna et al., 2020).

Meanwhile, the module does not include various

products such as video, audio, animation, and images

that should be available in a digital technology-based

module to help students understand the subject

matter. Following research that learning media in the

learning process has several benefits, namely (1)

computer simulations in the form of animated images

can strengthen and develop students' understanding of

concepts, (2) mastery of the material is at a high level,

(3) interactive multimedia-based learning media has

been assessed theoretically feasible(Shalikhah,

2017).

One application used in developing electronic

modules and inserting products in video, audio,

animation, and images is the Lectora Inspire

application. It is an application that provides

programs for creating effective learning media. This

application is also software designed for electronic

learning. Lectora Inspire is considered easy to use by

even teachers who are not proficient with computers

because this application is specifically designed for

beginners and does not require an understanding of

programming languages (Irsyad, 2016).

Besides the Lectora Inspire application, Android

is also an operating system that can assist in learning.

Android is a popular and populist operating system

because it is used in various circles (Sugiyono, 2017).

Android is a complete, open, and accessible platform.

A comprehensive platform means it allows

programmers to develop an application with available

tools, an open source tells it is free to create

applications, and an accessible platform makes it easy

for everyone to freely make applications without

thinking about royalties that must be paid

(Sidiq&Najuah, 2020).

Based on the background and development

carried out by previous research, the authors are

interested in developing an Android-based electronic

module with the help of the Lectora Inspire

application on Newton's law material. The study will

also focus on producing valid and practical e-module

design products established byanalysing problems

and needs.

2 METHODOLOGY

The research method used is Research &

Development (R & D), which is used to produce

specific products and test the effectiveness of these

products. The Research & Development method is a

step that aims to develop a new product or even refine

an existing product to be more effective and efficient.

The Research & Development method is a unit where

one stage with another stage has linkages and

continuity (Sugiyono, 2017).

2.1 Research Stages

In this study, researchers used the ADDIE

development model, which consists of five stages:

analysis, design, development, implementation, and

evaluation. The stages of the ADDIE development

model in the implementation of research and

development (Cahyadi, 2019) and (Kurnia et al.,

2019) are as follows:

a. Analysis, at this stage, the researcher identifies

the problems or gaps that occur in learning

b. Design, at this stage, the stage of planning

learning modules that are developed by

compiling electronic module frameworks in the

form of storyboards and flowcharts, gathering

material, and inserting/making illustrative

images and videos.

c. Development, at this stage, is where electronic

modules are being developed by what was

planned in the previous step. Physics concept

expert validators, digital media expert

validators, and language expert validators then

validate the electronic modules that have been

developed.

d. Implementation, at this stage, the developed

products are applied to determine the

practicality of the questionnaires given to

students and teachers after product trials have

been carried out.

e. Evaluation is the final stage for obtaining

feedback from input and suggestions from

students and teachers. This evaluation stage can

also be in the form of an improvement (revision)

made by researchers after receiving information

and recommendations from students, teachers,

and validators.

Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by Newton Law

249

2.2 Population and Sample

Population in the entire research subject. In this study,

the population was all students of SMAN 5

Tasikmalaya class X MIPA consisting of seven

classes and a total of 251 students. This population

was selected due to the suitability of the target

material on Newton's law for class X MIPA, and they

use smartphones with the Android operating system.

The sample is defined as part of the number and

characteristics of the population. The sample was

selected using the cluster random sampling

technique, which determines samples randomly from

various groups in the population (Sugiyono, 2019).

The population consisted of seven groups, and one

was randomly selected, so class X MIPA 7 was

obtained as the research sample.

2.3 Data Collecting

The data collection techniques used in this study were

interviews, validation tests, and questionnaires to test

the practicality of the e-modules. The questionnaire

follows a Likert scale which consists of four

categories, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Categorization using a Likert scale.

Score Ex

lanation

4 Strongly agree/ very decent/ very goo

3 Agree/ decent/ goo

2 Disa

ree / ina

riate / not

1 Stron

disa

ree/ver

ina

riate

Table 2: Interpreted of product validity or practicalty.

Achievement Level(%) Categor

–

100 Hi

valid/

ractical

–

80 Valid/

ractical

–

60 Quite valid/

ractical

–

40 Less valid/practical

–

20 Invalid/practical

The validation score obtained from the expert will

then be calculated as a percentage. After getting the

percentage results, then the results are interpreted

based on the product validity criteria presented in

Table 2.

3 RESEARCH RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION

3.1 Analysis

The curriculum used in SMA Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya

is the 2013 Curriculum. This Newton's Law material

refers to Core Competencies, and Basic

Competencies refers to Permendikbud Number 37 of

2018. Then several indicators were compiled,

including: (1) explaining Newton's Laws of motion;

(2) determining the physical quantities in Newton's

Laws; (3) conducting simple experiments on

Newton's Laws; (4) knowing the various types of

forces; (5) drawing and deciphering vectors of

different types of forces acting on an object; (6)

applying various types of forces acting on an object;

(7) using Newton's Laws of motion in solving

problems of motion of objects; and (8) applying the

concepts of the Laws Newton's laws of motion in

everyday life. Some material points presented in the

e-module are Newton's Laws of motion, types of

forces, and application of Newton's Laws.

The interviews and questionnaires show us that

the teaching materials used in school are learning

videos from YouTube, textbooks, and PowerPoint.

The teaching material has helped students in the

physics learning process, but 77% still need help

learning physics. In learning Newton's Law, 54% of

students still have difficulty determining the type of

force and force direction acting on an object, and 48%

of students have trouble applying Newton's three

Laws in everyday life.

The teacher also explained that students'

enthusiasm for learning was not optimal during online

classes, so exciting learning media was needed. The

results of the student questionnaire showed that 96%

of students required teaching materials in the form of

exciting learning modules in physics learning, and

92% of students needed Android-based learning

modules that assisted in understanding.

Based on this analysis, an exciting and Android-

based learning module is needed that helps in the

learning process. Making these learning modules can

be assisted by using the Lectora Inspire software,

which combines various multimedia products such as

images, video, audio, and text. In addition, the output

of Lectora Inspire can be in the form of an HTML file

converted into an Android application.

Another advantage of the Lectora Inspire software

is the ease of use because Lectora Inspire does not

need to use programming and provides a media

library to help users. So Lectora Inspire can be used

by teachers who need to be more proficient with

computers. In addition, the Lectora Inspire software

already provides a varied theme that can be used and

provides several easy questions to apply with scores.

With the various advantages of Lectora Inspire,

there is also the problem of students' difficulties and

needs for learning media. The android-based

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250

Figure 1: Flowchart of designed e-module.

e-module assisted by Lectora Inspire on Newton's

Law material can be applied to students who are

expected to help solve difficulties experienced and

increase student enthusiasm in studying physics.

3.2 Design

The product design is in the form of a flowchart

presented in Figure 1. The flowchart describes the

workflow or process of the Newton's Law e-module

that users or students can use. They start with the

introduction of the e-module application as the first

page of the main menu, which presents the

introduction, concept maps, learning activities, a

glossary, and references.

The material presented in the e-module is

Newton's law material. Based on the essential

competencies, Newton's Law consists of several sub-

materials, including Newton's Laws of motion, types

of forces, and the application of Newton's Laws. The

material presented comes from a physics textbook

written by Douglas C. Giancoli entitled "Physics"

fifth edition volume 1, published in 2001, Paul A.

Tipler entitled "Physics for Science and Engineering"

third edition volume 1, published in 1998, "Physics

book for SMA/MA Class X" written by Pujianto in

2016, learning module entitled "Physics: Newton's

Laws of Motion" written by HerrySetiawan in 2020.

The background and several illustration images

are sourced from freepik, which provides various

photos and graphic designs for free or paid on the

internet. The sound effects embedded in the

electronic module developed originate from pixabay

(an internet site that provides hundreds of thousands

of photos, music, and videos that can be freely used

for free or for a fee). The researchers inserted

illustrative images in the developed electronic

module according to the needs. There are animated

images that describe Newton's Law and become

compelling characters in the e-module. The video

from YouTube was inserted into the e-module, and

the researchers made some videos. The buttons in the

e-module are available in the Lectora Inspire

software.

After collecting these materials, products are

compiled and created using the Lectora Inspire

software. Lectora Inspire is a software that can be

used to create learning media. Lectora Inspire can

combine other multimedia products such as videos,

images, animations, and audio.

3.3 Development

This development stage includes activities for doing

electronic modules with the help of Lectora Inspire

and the results of expert validation. Figure 2, as

shown, is a product image that was made before

carrying out the validation test by an expert validator.

Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by Newton Law

251

(a)

(b)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

Figure 2: e-Module display, consist of (a) intro page (b) main menu(c) introduction/study guide (d) material chart (e) learning

objectives (f) learning materials (g) sample questions (h) summary (i) glossary/references (j) instructions for use.

The intro page is the first or opening page for the

e-module application. There is a text display on this

page containing the application's name, "Newton's

Law e-Module." There is a "start" button to go to the

main menu, which will work if you click that. This

main menu consists of several menus, including the

introduction/study guide, material chart,learning

materials, glossary, and references. Through the

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learning activity page, students/users can choose their

activities starting from the objective learning page,

learning materials, practicum learning videos, sample

questions, summaries, and evaluations.

E-modules that have been designed, then carried

out on validation tests by expert validators in the form

of suggestions for e-modules. The validators

consisted of three experts, namely material experts,

media and digital experts, and linguists. With the

suggestions given by the validator, improvements

were made to the product being developed.

3.3.1 Physics Content Validator

Physics content expert validation was carried out to

assess the learning material. The validator suggests

using operational active verbs for practical purposes,

from knowing to showing, based on verbs on

cognitive and psychomotor assessment. These

improvements can be seen in Figure 3.

(a)

(b)

Figure 3: Experiment page before (a) and after (b)

correction.

Providing a formula with its units is one of the

essential things in Newton's equations, so the expert

suggests completing this. The correction is presented

in Figure 4.

Modules are designed to be used independently by

students, so they must be designed as completely as

possible and provide precise information so that there

are no misconceptions for students. Based on this, the

expert suggests completing the illustration of

Newton's law with the direction of acceleration and a

description of the use of positive and negative signs

in the equation for the observed object, presented in

Figure 5.

(a)

(b)

Figure 4: Types of force pages before (a) and after (b)

correction.

(a)

(b)

Figure 5: Illustration of Newton's lawpages before (a) and

after (b) correction.

The score given by the expert on the physics content

is 54 out of 60, so a percentage of 89% is obtained.

These results are interpreted based on the product

criteria in table 2 so that it can be said that the e-

module developed is "Highly Valid."The resulting

score from the physics content expert can be seen in

Table 3.

Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by Newton Law

253

Table 3: physics content validation results.

Validator Score

Maximum

Score

Percentage

Expert 1 54

60 89%

Expert 2 54

Expert 3 53

Total Score 161

Average 54

3.3.2 Digital Media Validator

Digital media expert validation was carried out to

assess the media and digital function of developed e-

modules. The expert suggests adding an image or

animation on the cover that depicts the material

contained in the e-module. Therefore, an animation of

two people doing tug of war is added as an example

of a force in rope tension. The correction is presented

in Figure 6.

(a)

(b)

Figure 6: Coverpage before (a) and after (b) correction.

Other suggestions are font type and size in

formula descriptions and colour selection on the

gravity page. The font type and size in the e-module

must be designed very well because it can interfere

with students' comfort in using the e-module.

The score given by the expert on the digital media

is 41 out of 44, so a percentage of 92% is obtained.

These results are interpreted based on the product

criteria in table 2 so that it can be said that the e-

module developed is "Highly Valid."The resulting

score from the physics content expert can be seen in

Table 4.

Table 4: digital media validation results.

Validator Score

Maximum

Score

Percentage

Expert 1 39

44 92%

Expert 2 41

Expert 3 42

Total Score 122

Average 41

3.3.3 Indonesian Language Validator

Linguist validation is carried out to assess the

language used in the module according to the sound

and correct Indonesian provisions. The first

suggestion is the repetition of sentences even though

they have the same meaning in the description of the

material. These corrections are presented in Figure 7.

(a)

(b)

Figure 7: Content Descriptionpage before (a) and after (b)

correction.

The use of less effective sentences is one of the

suggestions that must be corrected. The error is on

Newton's Second Law page, which can be seen in

Figure 8.

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254

(a)

(b)

Figure 8: Newton's Second Law page before (a) and after

(b) correction.

The narration that needs to be corrected on the flat

and inclined plane material pages is to mention the

axis and how it moves. The correction is presented in

Figure 9.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 9: Application of Newton’s Law in planepage before

(a) and after (b) correction, and incline plane page before

The percentage result from the linguist validation

is 86%. These results are interpreted in table 2,

concluding that the language used in the e-module is

"Very Valid" to be used as a learning module in

schools. These results were obtained from three

validators with an average score of 21 out of a

maximum score of 24, as shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Linguist validation results.

Validator Score

Maximum

Score

Percentage

Expert 1 21

24 86%

Expert 2 21

Expert 3 20

Total Score 62

Average 21

3.4 Implementation

The student practicality test was carried out on

students of class X MIPA 7, consisting of 34 people.

Students tried to use the e-module application and

were asked to fill out an assessment questionnaire.

The student practicality questionnaire is presented in

the attachment.The results of the practicality test by

students can be seen in Table 6.

Table 6: Practicality test results by students.

Average Score Maximum Score Percentage

23 28 82%

Design of Android-Based e-Module Using Lectora Inspired by Newton Law

255

From the results of the practicality test, an average

score of 23 was obtained from a maximum score of

28. So, a percentage result was obtained of 82%.

Furthermore, these results are interpreted according

to table 2, so it can be concluded that the android-

based e-module assisted by Lectora Inspire is "Very

Practical" used in the learning process.

The teacher practicality test was also conducted

on physics teachers. The results of the practicality

assessment by the teacher are presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Practicality test results by teachers.

Validator Score Maximum Score

Teacher 1 28 28

Teacher 2 21 28

Total 49 56

Average 25 28

Percentage 88%

From the practicality test, a percentage of 88%

was obtained with an average result of 25 from a

maximum score of 28. The results of this percentage

are interpreted in Table 2, which concludes that the e-

module is "very practical" to use in the learning

process.

3.5 Evaluation

The results of the input analysis given by the teacher

and students show several advantages and

disadvantages of this e-module. The advantages of e-

module, according to comments given by teachers

and students, include:

a. e-modules are inserted by various multimedia

products so that they are attractive to users

b. e-module is easy to use

c. can be used anytime and anywhere. Then the

user can repeat the material so the student can

get a better understanding of the concept

d. separation of material that helps students

understand the material in the learning process

e. the e-module uses a national assessment model

The developed e-module has drawbacks, including:

a. e-module has a large storage size

b. there is no audio on/off facility

4 DISCUSSIONS

The features of this Newton's Law e-module include

presenting various forms of multimedia that support

the learning of Physics on Newton's Law. E-modules

are facilitated with learning videos that aim to help

students understand the material and as an effort to

make the developed e-modules attractive to students.

Research also concludes that the understanding of

students who use video media is superior to the

understanding of students who do not use video

media (Istiqomah et al., 2017).

Images are also inserted in the e-module, which

will assist students in visualizing material, thereby

helping students understand Newton's Law. The

images presented in the e-module are moving images

and static images. Student learning outcomes increase

due to moving image-assisted learning and static

images, of which the two have a higher increase, such

as moving image-assisted learning (Ribawati, 2015).

Apart from videos and pictures, the e-module is

also equipped with audio. The audio used as the

background for the e-module is a soothing piano

strain. It aims to reduce student anxiety in the learning

process. Soothing sounds will affect brain

performance to prevent learning difficulties caused

by anxiety in the learning process (Anggraini &

Suyatna, 2017). The android-based Newton's Law e-

module assisted by Lectora Inspire is also facilitated

with practice questions to measure students'

understanding of Newton's Law material. The

questions presented in the e-module have various

forms. It aims to conform to the national assessment

model discussed in Permendikbud Number 17 of

2021 (Roffiq et al., 2017).

Discussion of material in the e-module is given a

highlight to mark essential parts of the material.

Marking important parts with a specific color can

make it easier for students to remember and not easily

forget. The use of color positively affects students'

memory compared to when a material is written in

black ink (Sujarwo&Oktaviana, 2017).

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the research and development results

regarding android-based e-modules assisted by

Lectora Inspire on Newton's Law, the development of

android-based e-modules is in a very valid category.

Product validity is based on the results of validation

tests by physics content experts, digital media

experts, and linguists. The expert validation gets a

score in the percentage of 89%, 92%, and 86%,

respectively, which is included in the highly valid

category. The developed android-based e-module is

in the highly practical category. It is based on

practical tests conducted on students and teachers that

obtained 82% and 88% scores.

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