Development and Application of Remote Online Court Trial

Mediation System Based on Internet Plus Mediation

Lifang Ma

Sichuan Vocational College of Judicial Police, Deyang Sichuan, 618000, China

Keywords: Internet Plus Mediation, Web, Webrtc, Online Trial Mediation System, Node.js.

Abstract: Under the new judicial service mode of "internet plus Mediation", this paper adopts Web technology as the

core and combines WebRTC real-time communication technology to complete the construction of remote

online trial mediation system. The system will rely on Node.js to complete the design and configuration of

signaling server, to support getUserMedia () algorithm and MediaStream () model object to complete audio

and video collection, and adopt PeerConnection () method to complete the connection of different end users,

so as to realize online mediation based on audio and video calls. At the same time, the system will also

provide system login, instant messaging, file storage management and other functions with the help of

Apache Web server. Through the remote online trial mediation system, the parties can participate in the trial

through various terminal devices, which breaks through the limitation of time and space in the traditional

trial mediation mode and greatly shortens the circulation cycle of the case. This not only improves the

efficiency of court trials, but also enhances the richness of judicial services, thus promoting the construction

and development of online trial mediation mechanism of "smart court".

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-483X

1 INTRODUCTION

Court mediation, also known as litigation mediation,

refers to a way of closing a civil case under the

auspices of the trial organization of the people's

court, in which the litigants negotiate on an equal

footing, reach an agreement, and are recognized by

the people's court to end the litigation activities. (Yu,

2021) As an important component of civil litigation,

the development of trial mediation system marks the

progress of China's civil trial system, and also

confirms the significant achievements made in the

construction of the rule of law in China. With the

continuous improvement of the rule of law system,

the people's court trial mediation system has gone

through many stages and been continuously

strengthened, and it has become the best way to

solve civil rights disputes. However, in practice, the

traditional court trial mediation mode is facing many

challenges. First, China's civil litigation cases

continue to grow at an average annual rate of 10%.

The huge number of cases requires a lot of time and

energy, which seriously restricts the deepening of

mediation work. Secondly, the judge's handling of

the mediation procedure is arbitrary, the mediation

behavior is not standardized, and the necessary

methods and skills are also lacking in the process,

resulting in the low efficiency of the whole work,

resulting in a long cycle of case circulation and

fruitless adjustment for a long time. Third, the

mobility of the parties in civil cases is relatively

large, and regional differences and time conflicts

have become important reasons that hinder the

normal development of trial mediation. In the new

era of social development, it is urgent for people's

courts to update the concept of judicial service,

improve the modernization level of judicial service

and innovate the construction of civil dispute

resolution mechanism.

At present, with the rapid development of digital

information, the new model represented by "internet

plus Mediation" is constantly promoting the

transformation of mediation activities to networking

and digitalization. The trial mediation of people's

courts has also been deeply empowered by the new

generation of information technology, and new

dispute resolution mechanisms such as remote trial

and online video mediation have been gradually

integrated and innovated, providing new possibilities

and implementation methods for solving civil

disputes. In view of this, this paper holds that, based

284

Ma, L.

Development and Application of Remote Online Court Trial Mediation System Based on Internet Plus Mediation.

DOI: 10.5220/0011910500003613

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on New Media Development and Modernized Education (NMDME 2022), pages 284-289

ISBN: 978-989-758-630-9

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

on the new judicial service mode of "internet plus

Mediation", using Web technology as the core, and

combining WebRTC real-time communication

technology to complete the construction of the

remote online trial mediation system, it provides a

set of comprehensive application solutions for the

shortcomings of the court trial mediation mode. The

system will take the people's court as the leading

factor, fully consider the use needs of the parties to

the case, complete the networking and digital

construction of the court trial mediation process, set

up a standardized mediation implementation

standard, and take into account the requirements of

rationality and legality, thus forming a new mode of

court trial mediation in civil cases. In the process of

using the system, the judge is connected with the

original and the defendant by remote video, and the

parties' identity check, online investigation, court

mediation and signing of mediation agreement are

carried out according to law, which effectively

breaks the time-space barrier of the traditional court

mediation system and crosses the barriers of

different mediation paths. It has become an

important measure for the people's courts to

strengthen their own construction, improve their

own functions and enhance their judicial service

capabilities, and it is also a new attempt to further

realize the construction of "smart courts". (Ding,

2019)

2 INTRODUCTION OF KEY

TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 Web Technology

Web is a distributed network information service

system for publishing, browsing and querying

information. The whole structure involves multiple

hardware devices or software systems, aiming at

solving the storage, analysis and application

problems of data information that can't be completed

by a single device. (Wu, 2020) The essence of Web

architecture is an interactive process of data

information, that is, the processing of request

content and the presentation of response content are

completed under certain preconditions. Figure 1

shows the flow chart of the standard dynamic

resource Web request and response mode. Among

them, the Web architecture can be divided into two

parts according to the functional category: Web

client and Web server, and the Hyper Text Transfer

Protocol (HTTP) will be adopted between them to

ensure the safe transmission of data information.

Files is a static resource, and Web Application and

DataBase together form a dynamic resource, both of

which will obey the call of Web Server. Static

resources are mostly designed HTML pages, which

are quick to call and present, but poor in

interactivity. Dynamic resources can respond freely

according to the application program, which has

strong interactivity. Based on the Web architecture,

all technologies applied in the construction process

are collectively called Web technologies, which

contain many contents. According to the application

design of Web client and the programming and

development of Web server, Web technologies can

be divided into two categories: client technology and

server technology. Common client technologies

include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, while server

technology will be subdivided into three branches:

scripting language, database and server. At present,

the mainstream scripting languages are ASP.NET,

Java, PHP, Python and so on.

Figure 1: The request / response process for the Web

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2.2 WebRTC

WebRTC, namely Web Real-Time Communication,

is essentially a real-time communication technology

on the web side, which aims at realizing end-to-end

real-time audio-video interaction between browsers

quickly and conveniently. (Zhang, 2020) WebRTC

is not a single type of technology, but a real-time

audio and video technology system that integrates

audio and video acquisition, coding and decoding,

network transmission, multi-dimensional display and

other functions. It is functional, open-source and

universal, and it is a Web application development

framework conforming to HTML5 standard.

WebRTC realizes the real-time audio and video

communication on the Web, mainly relying on three

functional modules: audio and video acquisition,

signaling server and connection management

between the end and the end. Under the function of

audio and video collection, WebRTC completes the

whole process of audio and video content from

collection to display through a series of processing

frameworks of audio engine (VoiceEngie) and video

engine (VideoEngie). Among them, getUserMedia ()

algorithm, as an internal preset and packaged API,

can quickly obtain audio and video streams of

devices, and give a fixed label. When the end-to-end

connection is completed, the MediaStream object

MediaStream can be sent to other clients according

to the label. In addition, different codecs can be

selected to control the content quality of audio and

video streams under WebRTC. ISAC encoder can

set audio sampling frequency, rate range, algorithm

delay and other parameters, and realize echo

cancellation, noise suppression, trembling

prevention and packet loss compensation with

NetEQ. VP8 video codec can expand the application

scene of video streaming communication, and has

both image stabilizer and image enhancement

functions to meet the needs of high-quality video

communication.

The connection management between the end

and the end is the key to realize the real-time audio

and video communication on the Web end.

WebRTC will establish P2P connection by means of

the point-to-point connection communication object

RTCPeerConnection. RTCPeerConnection, as a

unified interface for network connection, media

management and data management, will focus on

the configuration of session description information

(SDP) and interactive connectivity establishment

mode (ICE). SDP contains two parts: the description

of session level and the description of media level,

which must be transmitted during the establishment

of P2P connection. The key description is shown in

Figure 2. (Zhou, 2020) However, the setting of ICE

framework will focus on solving the problem of the

best path selection for establishing network

connection between the two ends, breaking the

restriction of IP address conflict when the two ends

are not in the same public network environment.

The SDP and ICE information under WebRTC

will be exchanged in a series after the P2P

connection is established. All the processes involved

in this stage are collectively called Signaling, and

the control and deployment of the whole exchange

process need the support of signaling server.

WebRTC itself does not provide a signaling server,

so it completely needs users to design and

implement it according to their own needs. In the

actual development and application, the socket.io

class library under WebSocket is usually used to

build the signaling server.

Figure 2: Common SDP description content

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2.3 Node.js

Node.js is a JavaScript running platform based on

Chrome browser engine. Its core application lies in

making JavaScript participate in the design and

development of Web server, simplifying the process

of building Web applications and improving the

efficiency of system development. For the design

and development of the signaling server in this

paper, Node.js perfectly fits the characteristics that

the server is more important than input and output in

task scheduling and is not good at calculation.

Node.js will cooperate with web socket to provide

great technical support for developing real-time

interactive applications with long connections.

2.4 Development Process

According to the above application requirements, the

author completes the configuration and deployment

of the development environment of the remote

online trial mediation system. The development

content of the system is divided into two parts. One

is the design and development of audio and video

online communication function module based on

WebRTC technology. The second is to complete the

integration and encapsulation of the system in Java

environment, form a standard Web application, and

publish it on the server side.

First of all, WebRTC technology has completed

the functional encapsulation of the overall

framework, and has been preset in Chrome, Safari

and FireFox browsers. In the development process,

you only need to call the device camera code in the

page through JavaScript code, as shown in Figure 3.

Secondly, the key to the realization of WebRTC

technology lies in the design and development of

signaling server and the realization of end-to-end

connection management. The development

environment of the signaling server will be based on

the Windows10.0 operating system, the integrated

development tool will be VisualStudio Code, and the

development environment will depend on Node.js

After the installation of Node.js is completed, use

the require instruction to load the HTTP module, and

use the http.createServer () method to create the

server. The listen method is bound to port 8080, and

the function is used to receive and respond data

through request, response parameters, thus realizing

the basic construction of signaling server. (Ge, 2020)

Figure 3: GetUserMedia () algorithm calls the camera of the device to obtain video content

Finally, for the end-to-end connection

management, it is necessary to continue to complete

the corresponding settings under the signaling

server. The whole process will involve user

registration, call establishment and response. Among

them, the key implementation lies in the SDP

information exchange under RTCPeerConnection ()

method and the establishment of ICE interaction

mode. SDP information will complete the exchange

of SDP description information between two

endpoints through "offer" and "answer" signaling,

while the ICE framework can transmit the address of

the ICE server through RTCPeerConnection when it

is founded. Through the construction of the key

signaling server, the audio-video real-time two-way

communication function of the remote online trial

mediation system is realized.

For the development of the whole system, Linux

is the operating system, CentOS is the version, Java

is the basic development environment, JDK version

1.8.0_91 is the development kit, Apache 2.4 is the

Web server, IntelliJ IDEA is the Java integrated

development tool, and MySQL is the database. After

the above software systems are installed and

configured one by one, the construction of Web

application development environment is completed.

This system uses Maven 3 to manage the project

structure, divides the whole project into several

engineering modules, and completes the design and

development of the whole system based on Spring

MVC architecture. Through the introduction of the

above key technical theories, the overall

environment of the system development, the

configuration of related software and tools are

determined, and the technical feasibility of the

overall project of the remote online trial mediation

system is also clarified.

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3 DETAILED FUNCTION

IMPLEMENTATION

The system supports users in two different roles,

namely, court judge and case party, to complete

account registration and identity verification by

submitting information, and to log in and use the

system with unique identification information. In

order to improve the security of use, the system will

encrypt the user password with hash algorithm,

which will be used as authentication method to

complete the user login authentication. The key code

of implementing RSA encryption algorithm in Java

language is shown in Figure 4. (Li, 2020)

Figure 4: Key code of RSA encryption algorithm implementation

3.1 The Parties to the Case

3.1.1 Personal Authentication

The parties to a case must undergo identity

verification before conducting court mediation.

Under this function module, users can upload photos

or scanned documents of valid certificates to the

system and submit them for approval. After the

approval, they can wait for court mediation in the

system.

3.1.2 Video Communication

Under this function module, after authentication, the

parties (both parties) of the case will enter a specific

function interface, and automatically start the

camera or microphone under the terminal devices

such as computers, tablets and mobile phones for

real-time audio and video communication. The

content of the video communication will be based on

the actual situation of the case and the real demands

of the parties, and the court trial investigation and

mediation will be conducted according to the

prescribed procedures.

3.1.3 Instant Communication

At the same time of video communication, the

parties to the case (both parties) can use different

forms of information content to express or transmit

part of the content in the process of trial

investigation or trial mediation. The system supports

a variety of information interfaces, and images,

texts, video and audio, and computer screens can be

uploaded and displayed. At the same time, instant

communication also supports the function of

viewing and clearing historical news, providing a

multi-dimensional communication channel for court

investigation and court mediation.

3.1.4 Confirm of Conciliation Statement

Under this function module, the parties to the case

(both parties) can obtain the electronic version of the

mediation agreement, and support online reading

and electronic signature. After the parties (both

parties) confirm the case, they will submit it to the

system for retention, which will have legal effect. If

one party disagrees, the system will withdraw the

mediation agreement and return it to the people's

court for further trial or mediation.

3.2 Judge Users

After logging in to the system, the legal official

users will import the corresponding cases into the

system according to the application time of court

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mediation issued by the parties to the case (both

parties), and conduct court mediation according to

the scheduled time. The judge will review the

identity information of the parties (both parties) in

the case, and after the review is correct, the system

will establish WebRTC multi-party audio-video

conversation. As the core of trial investigation and

trial mediation, the judge presides over and

organizes the whole mediation process according to

law. After the parties to the case (both parties) reach

a mediation agreement, synchronize the electronic

text with the parties to the case and complete the

whole mediation process. In addition, the judge

users can export and save all the contents in the

video communication and timely communication of

the case, so as to facilitate the on-demand trial of the

case and the inquiry of the case file in the later stage.

4 CONCLUSIONS

This paper takes the trial mediation of civil cases as

the research object, aims at promoting the reform of

the new trial mediation mode, and builds a remote

online trial mediation system with the help of the

new generation of network information technology.

The system will be based on Web technology, take

WebRTC real-time audio-video communication

technology as the core, and realize the diversified

development of the trial mediation mechanism of the

name court under the "internet plus Trial". It is

conducive to breaking the limitation of time and

space in the traditional court mediation mode,

shortening the circulation cycle of cases, speeding

up the efficiency of case handling, improving the

level of judicial services, and making a beneficial

attempt for the all-round construction of "smart

courts" in the new era.

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