Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom

Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

Pandemic

Lilik Sudiajeng

, I Ketut Gde Juli Suarbawa

, I Wayan Wiraga

, M. Yusuf

I Gst. Ngr. A. Dwijaya Saputra

, Ni Wayan Sumetri

Sri Andriati Asri

and I

Ketut Widnyana

Politeknik Negeri Bali, Jln Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Jl. Kamboja, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

wayansumetri@pnb.ac.id, sriandriati@pnb.ac.id, widnyanaketut@gmail.com

Keywords: S

mart Village, Conservation Tourism, Second Home Tourism, Conservation Travel Tours, Covid-19

Abstract:

MODESTA is developed to accelerate economic recovery due to the COVID-19 pandemic and

strengthen the resilience of the Munduk Tourism Village in dealing with all strategic issues in the future.

To ensure the sustainability of MODESTA Munduk, education in the fields of entrepreneurship,

information and communication technology is also carried out. The MODESTA leads the communities

to be able to create an industrial 5.0 as the development of the industrial 4.0. The implementation of

MODESTA is expected to improve the quality of human resources that are adaptive to the technology,

strengthen the entrepreneurship ecosystem, improve the quality of services, and promote the main

products for global market. Through the implementation of this concept, economic movement does not only

depend on tourism, but all the village’s potencies. Based on the result of FGDs and SWOT Analysis, it

is recommended to strengthen and develop three main aspects which include: 1) Strengthening Human

Resources through various education and training; 2) Development of conservation tourism and Second

home Tourism; 3) Strengthening infrastructure based on the industrial era 4.0 including strengthening

internet access, public transportation, road access to the creative economic centre and tourism

d e s t i n a t i o n s ; a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g e l e c t r i c p a y m e n t f a c ilities (ATM, EDC, online payment, QRIS)

1 INTRODUCTION

Bali as the very well-known tourism destination in the

world Bali is very vulnerable to issues related to the

security, environment, natural disasters, and health.

Bali has always experienced the worst impacts on

these strategic issues. The covid-19 pandemic has

significantly given critical impact on tourism and

leads to economics crisis. This pandemic is more

severe than the economic crisis caused by the 2004

Bali Bombings. UNDP Indonesia (2003) reported

that a year after the bombings, international tourist

arrivals remain well below past levels, but had been

recovering to some 70-80 percent of normal levels.

Average income declines of 43% across the island,

which Buleleng regency was the lowest (39.6%).

Overall, the estimated number of employment

affected about 29% of workers by job losses in

tourism sector between January and the end of April

2003. Thirty one percent of schools reported students

dropping out of school rates varied significantly by

district, with the highest levels in the poorest North-

Eastern belt of Bali, with Buleleng (60%) and

Karangasem (55%). Prambudi et all (2008) reported

estimate short-run effect of a decline in tourism

following the 2002 Bali bombings on the Indonesian

economy of Indonesia’s 26 provinces, GDP in Bali is

worse affected by a negative shock to tourism exports

followed by other popular tourist destinations, such

as Jakarta and Yogyakarta. Jaspreet Singh (2020) did

the review research about the impact of covid-19

pandemic on society and the result showed that this

pandemic creates several other issues including social

anxiety, panic states due to uncertainty, economic

recessions and extreme mental stress. This condition

is getting worse since many people have lost their

livelihoods like most of the Balinese people who

work in the tourism sector. Refers to the data

164

Sudiajeng, L., Suarbawa, I., Wiraga, I., Yusuf, M., Saputra, I., Sumetri, N., Asri, S. and Widnyana, I.

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19 Pandemic.

DOI: 10.5220/0011729900003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 164-175

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

presented by the Central Statistics Agency for Bali

Province (2021), during the covid-19 pandemic,

international tourist arrivals remain worse two years

after the WHO officially declare of covid-19

pandemic. International tourist arrivals from 2017 to

2020 tend to slightly increase about 6.54 in 2018 and

3.37% in 2019. It drastically decreased about 82.96%

in 2020 and there were almost no international

tourists during 2021. Estimates for the number of

unemployed increased nearly 250% during covid-19

pandemic from 1.57% in 2019 to 5.63% in 2020, and

remain high after two years at 5.37%. Average

number of Poverty rates has also increased form

3.79% in 2019 to 4.53% in 2021 (19.53% increased),

which Karangasem Regency is the highest (6.78%),

followed by Buleleng regency (6.12%). This

slumping economic condition is actually the

cumulative impact of a change in lifestyle in the long

term. In the past, agriculture is the main pillar to

support sustainable economic in Bali. The community

has a rice barn that is able to support their needs and

welfare. In the last few decades, there has been a big

change in lifestyle from an agrarian society to a

tourism community. The agricultural land continues

to decrease every year, the younger generation moves

to the city to find a livelihood that they think is more

suitable so that only the older generation is left to

continue managing their diminishing agricultural

land. Setiawan et all (2001) reported that only three

districts in Bali (Jembrana, Tabanan, and Bangli

Districts) are remain truly superior and prospective

for the sustainability of their agricultural sector in the

future because they can meet the needs of agricultural

products in their own regions and can meet the

demands of other regions, while the other six districts

are mostly no prospective for agriculture sector. This

condition turns out to be closely related to the

resilience of the region to the tragedy of the COVID-

19 pandemic. The three superior and prospective area

of agriculture sector have a much higher economic

resilience compared to non-prospective areas where

the main economic pillar is supported by tourism.

Central Statistics Agency for Bali Province (2021)

reported that the worst economic impact due to the

COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was Badung Regency

(-16.52%), followed by Denpasar (-9.42%) and

Gianyar (8.38%), where all three are Bali's tourism

golden triangle areas. The data confirms that the

tourism sector is indeed more vulnerable to health

issues (Kusnandar, 2021). In contrast, the agricultural

sector has a stronger economic resilience. This is in

accordance with the results of interviews with the

village head and the community leaders in Munduk

Tourism Village, which is one of the tourist villages

favored by foreign tourists. At the beginning of the

COVID-19 pandemic, many young village

generations returned to villages and do the farming.

As a result, although in other areas experiencing

economic downturn, Munduk Village still survives, at

least still able to meet the basic needs of daily life.

This condition has a positive impact on changing

people's mindsets that tourism is not able to guarantee

the economic stability of the community, it is

agriculture that is able to support them to survive

during the pandemic.

Based on those data, Modesta - munduk smart

village tourism model has been built through an ergo-

infocom approach for economic recovery

acceleration from covid-19 pandemic. The

ergonomics SHIP approach (ergo-approach) was

implemented during data collections through Focus

Group Discussions and interviews with village heads

and local community leaders, while the information

and communication approach (infocom-approach)

was implemented during the training and developing

the MODESTA model.

Preliminary study showed that Munduk Village

has great potential to be developed as a Smart

Tourism Village, but the management and

development system is still conventional and has not

implemented the industrial 4.0 system optimally. This

research was conducted with the specific aim of

measuring the priority potential of Munduk Village,

which includes human resources, natural potential,

plantation and agricultural commodities, tourism

potential, and governance systems. The results of

these measurements will be used as the basis for

conducting education to foster an entrepreneurship

and understanding to utilize ergonomics-based

information and communication technology,

implemented the digital technology that still places

the human aspect as the main consideration

(Sudiajeng et al, 2018). Furthermore, based on the

potential and readiness of human resources, an Ergo-

Infokom-based Smart Tourism Village (MODESTA)

model will be designed based on the tourism smart

village application that has been produced as an

output from previous research. The priority issues

raised in this study include: 1) What are the potential

priorities of the Munduk Tourism Village that can be

more empowered to accelerate economic recovery

due to the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) How is the Smart

Village MODESTA Munduk model based on

Ergonomics-information - communication (ergo-

infocom) approach that is easy in implementation and

sustainable?

Smart City concept developed based on

innovative developments integrating into various

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

Pandemic

165

Figure 1: Model of interaction within the framework of smart city.(Vishnivetskaya and Alexandrova, 2019).

spheres of urban life, driven by various urban city

problems, especially urbanization problems,

environmental degradation, and uneven population

density (Vishnivetskaya and Alexandrova, 2019).

Elements influence in the smart city development are

interacting between each other and thus manifold

increase the contribution of each one owing to

synergy effect (Figure 1).

From Figure 1, it can be seen that the aspects must

be met of a smart city are very complex. To develop

a smart city, it is needed to strengthen various fields,

including infrastructure, utilities, mobility,

environment, government systems, business systems,

education systems, life style, etc. Nevertheless, ICT

is the key factor affecting the “smart city”

development. IBM is one of the world's IT companies

that has played a major role in introducing and

implementing the smart city concept around the

world. The development of smart cities has been

carried out by many countries, including in several

regions in Indonesia, one of which is in Bandung, the

capital city of West Java Province. However, there is

still no standard about definition of smart city. The

smart city according to IBM is an instrumented refers

to the capability of capturing and integrating live real-

world data through the use of sensors, meters,

appliances, personal devices, and other similar

sensors. A vision of smarter cities is how cities can

lead the way into a prosperous and sustainable future.

There are three main components in smart city:

planning management, human resources, and

infrastructure management (IBM Global Business

Services, 2020). The Indonesian government through

the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has

set three big cities as the role model of smart city in

Indonesia, there are Bandung, Bogor, and Makasar.

In general, there are some components has been set

for smart cities in Indonesia: 1) Smart ICT

Infrastructure; 2) Smart and open government; 3)

empowerment community by strengthening internet

literacy, citizen engagement, and digital industry; 4)

and Technopolis city (Ministry of Public Works and

Housing, 2015). Supangkat et al (2018) did

assessment on the implementation of Garuda Smart

City Framework for smart city readiness in Indonesia

and the result shown the maturity level of some

selected cities in Indonesia has reach the integrated

level, but there are still components need attention to

be developed for smarter city, the management and

process of smart city development. After several

strategic cities were developed as smart cities, as their

derivatives, smart villages began to be developed as

part of the smart city, included in Indonesia. In line

with the development of smart villages, in several

regions in Indonesia, many tourism villages were

developed. In Bali, there are at least 294 tourist

villages throughout the Island. This research tried to

apply the concept of smart village in Munduk

Tourism Village. Smart village (SV) is defined as a

village where the community is able to use

information technology to innovate, make efficiency,

increase economic, social and environmental

competitiveness which leads to improve the quality of

life of the community (Sutriadi, 2018). This is in line

with the concept of industry 4.0 which collaborates

on cyber technology and automation technology

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

166

which is centered on the application of technology

without human labor. Utilization of information

technology has touched all aspects of life and

penetrated to remote villages, especially in online

communication and transactions. This condition is the

basis for the government to empower the potential of

the village by forming a Smart Village (SV). The

development of tourist village follows the

development of smart cities that have been

successfully developed in various countries including

Indonesia. Xiaojuan Zhang and Zhengang Zhang

(2020) construct the framework of SV in China as

performs in Figure 2. It describes the microstate of the

smart village system with the strategic subsystem, the

social subsystem, the economic subsystem, the

resource and environment subsystem, and the

information subsystem. Then, it also describes the

structural hierarchy of the smart village system with

the low to high complexity of the physical layer, the

activity layer, and the strategic layer.

Figur 2: The theoretical framework of smart village system.

(Xiaojuan Zhang and Zhengang Zhang, 2020)

Furthermore, by referring to the theory and

adopting several references from related research

results, this study tried to apply the smart village

concept to Tourism Villages in Bali, especially in

Munduk Village, Banjar District, Buleleng Regency,

Bali Indonesia. Bali is a small beauty island that very

well known as the best tourist destination. Bali has

transformed from an agrarian area to a tourism area.

Tourism become the main pillar of economic. Bali

has transformed from an agricultural area to a tourism

area.

It was recently discovered that tourism is very

sensitive to strategic issues such as security, natural

disasters, and health. The Covid-19 pandemic has

provided valuable experience and clear evidence that

tourism is very sensitive to health issues. During the

COVID-19 pandemic, Bali tourism was almost

paralyzed and the economic cycle almost stopped.

The younger generation of rural people who

urbanized to the city to work in various tourism

businesses lost their livelihoods and eventually

returned to the village, returning to help their parents

with farming activities. From here again, the

community gained valuable experience that it turned

out that agriculture was not too shaken by the

COVID-19 pandemic. Through agriculture, people

can still survive during the pandemic. People are

starting to realize that tourism is not everything.

Therefore, the development of tourism villages

should be based on local potential, which is

strengthened to become a tourism commodity while

maintaining the potential and local wisdom.

Regulation of the Minister of Tourism and Creative

Economic, Republic of Indonesia. Number

Pm.26/Um.001/Mkp/2010 defines a Tourism Village

as a form of integration between attractions,

accommodation and supporting facilities that are

presented in the structure of community life,

integrated with applicable procedures and traditions.

Since then, the number of tourism village in Indonesia

increased, especially in Bali. The Bali Central

Statistics Agency (2020) reported that the number of

tourist villages increased by 32% from 122 in 2014 to

162 in 2018, 1971 in 2019, and 178 in 2020 as

describes in Figure 3.

As a control over the concept of developing a

tourist village, Governor of Bali declared the Bali

Province Regulations No. 5, Year 2020 defines the

tourism village as a village which has the potential

and uniqueness of a typical tourist destination,

experience the uniqueness of life and tradition

communities in rural areas with all their potential,

included natural resources, culture, and spiritual. Bali

province policy emphasized the uniqueness of the

villages as the main aspect should be reserved by

remaining adaptive to technological advances and

following technological and information trends.

Figure 3: The increasing number of Tourism Village in

Bali.

The use of Information and Communication

Technology to develop Smart City (SC) or Smart

Village (SV) has been widely practiced, including in

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

Pandemic

167

Indonesia. Indonesia has been developing SCs since

2017, growing steadily to more than 100 SCs,

especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The

development of SC was naturally driven by the

COVID-19 where all the world has suffered the

impact of vovid-19 pandemic, such as

Yogyakarta, the best SV in Indonesia which has SC

Project through the dimensions of Smart Government

(SG) and Smart Economy (SE) (Ferza et al, 2022).

From several examples of the implementation of the

SC and SV concepts, it can be seen that one of the

weaknesses of the development of information and

communication technology is that it focuses more on

technological developments and often ignores the

human/user or ergonomic aspect. This research tries

to strengthen the implementation of SC or SV through

Ergo-infocom approach, which means the

implementation of Information and Communication

Technology through ergonomics approach that

placed the human aspect in the first priority of

considerations. Ergonomics approach is an approach

method that is carried out by prioritizing the human

aspect. The design of the model or system is carried

out in a Systemic, Holistic, Interdisciplinary, and

Participatory (Ergonomic SHIP Approach).

Systemic, means that all sub-systems are as a whole.

Solving problems from one sub-system must consider

other sub-systems as a unit so that it does not cause

new problems; Holistic, it means that the program

must be designed in its entirety, even though the

implementation is carried out in stages;

Interdisciplinary, it means that program design must

be analyzed from the point of view of various related

sciences; and Participatory, it means that in the

program process it is very important to involve

various related elements, especially users (User

oriented). The application of technology is analyzed

from the economic, technical, ergonomic,

environmentally friendly, and energy efficient

aspects to produce an Appropriate Technology (TTG)

that is easy, inexpensive, in accordance with the

capabilities and limitations of the user (Sudiajeng et

al, 2017). Through this SHIP approach, all related

strategic elements will have a part in the program, as

well as a growing sense of responsibility to maintain

its sustainability.

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

The preliminary study was conducted through

collecting data from various sources and direct

interviews with the head of the Tourism Awareness

Group Community and the head of the Bali tourism

village forum. The results show that Munduk village

has been designated as a Bali tourism village and has

the potential to be developed as a Smart Village (SV)

through the application of MODESTA Munduk.

This research was carried out with an

experimental descriptive design with the subjects of

the Munduk Village community as MODESTA users.

- Descriptive method is used to describe the

existing condition of Munduk Village as a result

of a SWOT analysis, which is strengthened by

the results of FGDs on the priority potential of

the village. The results of education and

workshops on entrepreneurial potential, as well

as education to increase the understanding and

competence of the community in the use of the

Ergo-Infokom application, which is very

necessary in this stage.

- The results of the SWOT analysis are used as the

basic material in the FGD through an ergonomic

SHIP approach. The FGD involved 30 people

who will use the MODESTA, consisting of

internal Munduk Village (50%), Buleleng

Regency government elements (25%), and

people outside Munduk Village (25%).

Participants were divided into 3 groups where

each group consisted of all elements of

stakeholders, and was facilitated by a facilitator.

Participants will be conditioned and motivated to

be able to express their thoughts about strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in

accelerating economic recovery which is

currently being affected by the COVID-19

pandemic. The results of the FGD are a list of

priority potentials that can be empowered for the

development of agro-business with tourism

packaging along with priority programs and

action plans.

- Based on the results of the FGD, education and

workshops were conducted on the potential of

entrepreneurship; which did 30 people attend

from Munduk Village. The results of this

entrepreneurship education and workshop are a

list of potential developments for Small Medium

Enterprises (SME) in various fields. The output

of this activity will be used as the basic data for

designing the MODESTA application menu.

This activity simultaneously educates and

develops and motivates the community to be able

to become entrepreneurs, especially in the field

of agro-business with tourism packaging

according to the potential of the Munduk

Tourism Village.

- Ergo-Infokom education and workshops

are conducted to improve the understanding and

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Figure 4: The Stage of Modeling Modesta Munduk.

- competence of the community in using the Ergo-

Infokom application, which is needed for

MODESTA validation through user-test.

Through this activity, it is hoped that it will

increase the community's ability to use digital

applications effectively, which will provide great

benefits for the community's economic

development. The stages of modeling are

described as presented in Figure 4.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Existing Potential of Munduk

Tourism Village

3.1.1 Natural Resources

Currently, tourism is the main pillar that contributes

up to 53% of Bali's economy and the highest

contributor to foreign exchange for Indonesia.

Various tourism commodities were developed

including the development of Tourism Villages. Bali

Statistics Bureau reports that the number of tourism

villages increased by 32% from 122 in 2014 to 162 in

2018, 1971 in 2019, and 178 in 2020, one of which is

the Munduk Tourism village, Banjar District,

Buleleng Regency. Located in a mountainous area

with cool air, at an altitude of 500-1,500 m above sea

level, an average temperature of 26 oC, an average

rainfall of 22.3 mm per year with 6 months of wet

months, 50% more higher than the average wet month

for Bali (4 months/year), and is a rainwater catchment

area for Bali. The total land area is 1461.30 Ha with

the largest land use for plantations (75%) all of which

belong to the people of the Munduk Tourism Village

(Figure 5). Munduk has a green protected forest area

of 1,056,100 ha which is still well maintained as a

holly area. Meanwhile, the land use as a tourist

destination are includes the Tanah Bara Waterfall,

Melanting Waterfall, adventure tourism and

Tamblingan Lake with the Amerta Jati forest (Figure

6). For the fulfilment of clean water sources for 2,035

families, the most came from 18 springs used by 800

families (39.31%), two PDAM units were used by

850 families (41.77%).

Figure 5: Land use of Munduk Tourism Village.

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

Pandemic

169

Figure 6: Tourism Potencies.

3.1.2 Potential of Plantation and

Agricultural Product

The main livelihoods of the people of Munduk

Tourism Village are farmers and farm laborers. In the

past, coffee became the majority of the plantation

product, but lately, clove takes the first place of the of

the land used (47.9 %), followed by the coffee

(21.9%), and paddy (2.74%). Additional agricultural

products that have the potential to be processed as raw

materials for culinary tourism and herbal product

innovations are: coconut, chocolate, scallion, carrot,

talas, ginger, turmeric, and honey bee. Those

potencies of plantations and agriculture does not seem

to attract the attention of the younger generation of

villages because of the excitement of the tourism

industry being developed and becoming a priority for

development in almost all areas of the island of Bali.

But since the covid-19 pandemic, when the younger

generation lost their jobs in tourism and returned to

the village to garden and farm, it was only realized

that plantations and agriculture had a high resistance

to the impact of the pandemic and made them able to

survive to meet their daily needs. This awareness is

the basic capital for strengthening so that rural

communities start to innovate and foster an

entrepreneurial spirit or creative economic towards a

smart tourist village.

3.1.3 Livestock Potentials

The number of people who own livestock is 2152

people (31%) with the type of livestock and the

largest population includes chickens (1,700 heads),

dogs (1000 heads), goats (900 heads), cows (450

heads), cats (410 heads), pigs (150 heads), ducks (50

heads). These potencies of livestock together with the

potencies of plantation and agriculture can be

empowered as raw material for creative economy

businesses both for agro and culinary tourism.

3.1.4 Potential of Human Resources (HR)

and Livelihoods

Munduk Tourism Village consists of 2,035 families,

6,943 residents consisting of 3,551 men (51%); 3,392

women (49%). In terms of educational background, it

is dominated by 3193 elementary school graduates

(45.99%), 543 junior high school students (7.82%),

531 junior high school graduates (7.65%), diploma,

bachelor, master, and doctoral graduates 331

(4.77%), who are in school 1,366 (19.67%), and the

rest are early age (14.1%). The number of productive

age (18-55 years) is 3,434 people (49.46%) with the

type of livelihood is dominated by farmers of 2817

male and female (86%) and farm laborers of about

14%. The rest have diverse livelihoods but less than

1% each, including those who work in the tourism

sector. What attracts attention is that none of the

women are housewives, it means that all women of

productive age in Munduk Tourism Village work and

the majority are farmers or farm laborers. The people

of Munduk Village have a very simple lifestyle, but

that doesn't mean they don't follow technological

advances. From the results of the FGD, which was

attended by members of the Family Welfare

Empowerment Organization (PKK), they were

enthusiastic to be invited to go forward to develop an

entrepreneurial ecosystem. Currently they are

familiar with Android-based smart phones, but their

use is only limited to social media interactions, not

optimally utilized to conduct smart business

activities. Therefore, intensive training and assistance

is needed to start doing smart business activities

based on social media.

3.1.5 Cultural Potential

Munduk Tourism Village has a sacred area including

the holly water springs that is maintained as a cultural

heritage and natural conservation efforts through

religious and cultural approaches. One of the unique

cultures of Munduk Tourism Village is "NYAKAN

DIRURUNGE" which is a 2 years tradition in the

form of a big ceremony involving the whole village.

This is one of the strengths of the village that is able

to build and maintain community unity and integrity,

friendly, has high family ties, fosters mutual care, and

open-minded. The most interesting of the spiritual

and cultural way to preserve nature is by giving the

predicate of the nature reserve area as a "holy place".

With the status as a holy place, the community

wholeheartedly wants to preserve the nature. As the

result, 75% of land use is still for plantations and

agriculture, and 91% of tourism destinations are in the

91%

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170

form of natural scenery such as mountains, hills,

valleys, lakes, and waterfalls. This is the basic capital

to develop conservation tourism by strengthening

natural infrastructure that is environmentally friendly.

3.1.6 Institutional Potential

Munduk Tourism Village has relatively complete

institutions which include the Village Service

(Kelurahan); Adad Village, Munduk

Accommodation Association, Coffee Farmer Group,

Clove Farmer Group, Rice Farmer Group, Giri Suta

Tour Guide Community, Tourism Transport

Community, Munduk Tourist Information Center,

and Munduk Clean, Healthy and Speedy Community

(MBSM). Those institutios give good impression that

Munduk village has a good governance and ready to

become a smart village. The existence of community

organizations in various fields shows that the people

of Munduk Village are forward-thinking and

visionary. This makes it easier for efforts to make

Munduk a smart Tourism Village by strengthening

IT-based infrastructure.

3.2 SWOT Analysis Munduk Tourism

Village

Based on the results of observations on existing

conditions and the Focus Group Discussions which

were attended by all elements of the Munduk Tourism

Village institution, a SWOT analysis has been carried

out as presented in Table 1 to Table 4.

Table 1: The strength of Munduk Tourism Village (S).

Strength (S) Credit

(%)

Value Score

NATURAL RESOURCES

Potential natural resources through indicators of fresh and clean air, beautiful, healthy,

sustain as well as the

otential of rainfall an

recharge area

25%

POTENTIAL PLANTATIONS, AGRICULTURE, AND LIVESTOCK

Land area dominated by plantations and agriculture with clove, coffee, rice, taro, and other

additional cro

20%

0.8

POTENTIAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES

High

roductive age

opulation with the main livelihoo

asfarmers o

farm workers

20%

0.6

CULTURAL POTENTIAL

Munduk has a unique culture "NYAKAN DIRURUNGE" and a 2-year tradition in the

form of a large ceremony involving the whole village

15%

0.6

INSTITUTIONAL

Munduk has a relatively complete institutional structure and elements, official system,

customar

villa

overnment s

stem,

rofessional an

communit

institutions

20%

0.8

Total score (S) 100% 3.8

Table 2: The Weaknesses of Munduk Tourism Village (W).

Weakness (W) Credit

(%)

Value Score

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resource

rotection

rams are still wea

unstructure

25%

POTENTIAL OF PLANTATIONS, AGRICULTURE, AND LIVESTOCK

Inadequate management, branding and marketing systems

15%

0.15

POTENTIAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES

Educational background, entrepreneurial ability and willingness, understanding and

intelli

ent use of technolo

still nee

e i m

rove

15%

0.15

CULTURAL POTENTIAL

Story telling about the history of Munduk village has not been done optimally

10%

0.1

INSTITUTIONAL

Tourism Awareness Group Organizations do not yet have the

owe

of legal aspects

15%

0.15

INFRASTRUCTURE

Public facilities such as road access, public transportation, banking facilities, internet access

are still inadequate

20%

0.2

Total score (W) 100% 1.75

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

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171

Table 3: The Threat of Munduk Tourism Village (T).

Threat (T) Credit (%) Value Score

Natural and health disasters 40% 1 0.4

The presence of investors who are less concerned about environmental preservation 30% 1 0.3

Awareness of tourists in protecting the environment is still low 15% 1 0.15

Tourist behavior who does not care about the environment (plastic waste) 15% 1 0.15

Total score (T) 100% 1

Table 4: The Opprtunity of Munduk Tourism Village (O).

Opportunity (O) Credit (%) Value Score

Attention and various government programs towards eco- friendly tourism 30%

4 1.2

Attention and government programs for small medium scale industry and creative

economics

25% 4 1

Trends in back to nature, religious tourism, health and wellness tourism 25% 4 1

Industry 4.0 era 20% 4 0.8

Total score (O) 100% 4

IFAS = (S-W)/2 = (3.8 - 1.75)/2 = 1,025

EFAS = (O-T)/2 = (4 - 1) /2 = 1,50

The results of the analysis show that the Munduk

Tourism Village is in quadrant 1, which is a very

favorable situation. Munduk Tourism Village has

opportunities and strengths so that it can take

advantage of existing opportunities. The strategy that

must be applied in this condition is to support an

aggressive growth policy (growth-oriented strategy)

(Figure 7).

Figure 7: Mapping the Result of SWOT Analysis.

3.3 Swot Analysis Munduk Tourism

Village

Based on the results of potential studies,

entrepreneurship education activities, branding and

marketing and SWOT analysis, Munduk Tourism

Village has the potential to be develop as a Smart

Village, where the community is able to use

information technology to innovate and increase

efficiency, improve economic, social and

environmental competitiveness that leads to an

increase in the quality of life of the community. The

framework of MODESTA is presented in Figure 1.

Based on the framework in Figure 1, then the

MODESTA has been designed in the form of website

that can be access at

https://mundukvillagemodesta.com. The homepage

of MODESTA as performed in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Homepage of MODESTA.

3.4 Discussion

The results of the study of the existing conditions and

potential of the Munduk Tourism Village, which are

strengthened by the results of the SWOT analysis,

show that the Munduk Tourism Village has the

potential to be developed as a smart Tourism Village

for sustainable economic which has high resistance to

the strategic issues related to security, health and

natural disasters. The basic concept of smart village

Opportunity

(O)

Threat

(T)

Strengs (S)

Weaknesses (W)

Agresive

strategyTurn

arround

Strategy

Diversification

strategy

Devensive

strategy

Munduk

(1,025;1,5)

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

172

is to collect community efforts and strength of people

from various streams and integrate it with information

technology to provide benefits to the rural

community. According to Mahatma Gandhi’s

philosophy and thoughts smart village project

provides, “Global means to the local needs.” SMART

village defines as Social, skilled and simple; Moral,

methodical and modern; Aware, adaptive and

adjusting; Responsive and ready; and Techno savvy

and transparent (Somwanshi et al, 2016). The

description initiated by Somwanshi et al is very

suitable to be applied to the development of the

Munduk tourist village. The Munduk Tourism

Village community has strong social ties with a

simple and open lifestyle, cares for others and the

environment based on local wisdom Tri Hita Karana,

responsive, ready to move forward and adapt to

technological advances and developments. However,

to develop smart village, it needs to train and coach

people to be smart in all aspect, such as: Smart

Farming (smart irrigation, smart live-stock tracking,

smart dairy, smart agriculture waste management);

Smart Social (Education, surveillance and security,

governance, infotainment); Smart home and utilities

(smart village home/hut, smart healthcare, smart

energy, smart water and waste management) (Degada

et al, 2021).

In the MODESTA design process, the Munduk

Smart Village Tourism Model was also accompanied

by the implementation of education, training and

coaching related to strengthening the entrepreneurial

ecosystem, knowledge related to communication and

information technology, digital branding and

marketing. This training and assistance is carried out

so that the community is ready to operate, maintain

and develop the MODESTA that has been designed

so that its sustainability is maintained. It is similar

with the research done by Suryani and Sudarso (2021)

about how does community engage and learn to

initiate a Smart Village development. It is stated that

to build the smart village, it needs collaborative and

collective education that strengthened and

empowered community to learn together how to

develop a smart village. From the user test, it shows

that after joined the education, training, and coaching,

the community especially the young generation

succeeded in operating MODESTA smoothly,

enriching content, and utilizing e-marketing features

as a means to image the potential of Munduk Village

as a special branding. In addition, beside the

education, training, and coaching on how to run a

smart business, training and coaching on the concept

of green infrastructure is also carried out so that in

carrying out the business, there is still concern for

environmental conservation.

Refers to the natural resources of Munduk

Tourism Village and the characteristically of the

people, it is suitable to develop Conservation Tourism

and Second Home Tourism. Munduk Tourism

Village has natural potential that is strengthened by

the strong beliefs and culture of the community to

maintain and preserve the environment as holly

nature. This is a big capital to develop conservation

tourism. Tourism activities are packaged by always

coloring each stage of their activities with

conservation behavior as outlined in the form of

village policies. There are tourist destination areas

that are purified so that psychologically they are able

to control tourists to behave in conservation in the

sense of enjoying nature tourism while participating

in conservation activities, such as maintaining

environmental cleanliness and reforestation through

travel activities for coffee, cloves, rice and other

agricultural crops. It is harmony with the concept of

Second Home Tourism. It can be developed based on

the potential of the village that is empowered,

improved in quality so that it attracts tourists to make

Munduk Village as a second home during long

holidays. Tourists and villagers carry out daily

activities together such as shopping, cooking,

enjoying traditional meals with family while enjoying

various tourism activities such as picking cloves and

coffee, preparing and processing traditional foods

with the modern packaging. Thus, tourists can stay

longer, spend more money, and can move the wheels

of the community's economy. In an integrated

manner, the concept of conservation tourism and

second home tourism is an implementation of the

green tourism concept which has become a global

commitment. The application of the concept of green

tourism encourages and conditions tourists not only

to visit and enjoy the beauty of tourist destinations,

but also to actively contribute in maintaining the

beauty and sustainability of the surrounding

environment. The basic concept of implementing

green tourism is to harmonize tourism and the

surrounding natural environment, creating a

comfortable atmosphere for tourists, investors, and

local communities. Provide economic benefits, but

also the maximum impact on environmental

conservation. It can be involving the environmental

responsibility, local economic vitality, cultural

diversity, and experiential richness (Dodds and

Joppe, 2001; Mac ́kiewicz and Konecka-Szydłowska,

2017). The application of the green tourism concept

needs to be supported by a strong shared commitment

to comprehensively apply the concepts of green

Modesta - Munduk Smart Village Tourism Model: An Ergo-Infocom Approach for Economic Recovery Acceleration from Covid-19

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173

infrastructure, green management, green hospitality,

and green marketing (Marcel Meler and Marija Ham,

2012; Monteiro et al, 2020). With this joint

commitment, without realizing it, green behavior will

grow from all stakeholders. This concept of green

tourism is suitable to implemented in Bali, a small

and beauty island which is very well known as

tourism destination. The development of tourism in

Bali.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Munduk Tourism Village has the potential to be

developed as a smart Tourism Village for sustainable

economic which has high resistance to the strategic

issues related to security, health and natural disasters.

The potential of Munduk Tourism Village that can be

further empowered to accelerate economic recovery

due to the COVID-19 pandemic include the natural

resources, plantations and agriculture, livestock,

human resources, and village institutions/

organizations. With its strategic potential, it is

suitable to develop the conservation tourism and

second home tourism to promote the green tourism

which encourages and conditions tourists not only to

visit and enjoy the beauty of tourist destinations, but

also actively contribute in maintaining the beauty and

conserving the environment. As an effort to

strengthen the village economic resilience, the

MODESTA - Smart Munduk Tourism Village model

has been designed based on the noble value of Tri

Hita Karana (the harmony of the relationship between

human to God, human to human, and human to

environment). This new concept of MODESTA is as

the development of the Industrial 4.0 concept which

placed the human aspect as the first priority the lead

to achieve better quality of life (Industrial 5.0

concept). To operate, maintain, and sustainable

development of MODESTA,

it is recommended to

strengthen and develop three main aspects which

include: 1) Strengthening Human Resources

through various education and training; 2)

Development of conservation tourism and Second

Home Tourism; 3) Strengthening infrastructure

based on the industrial era 4.0 including

strengthening internet access, public transportation,

road access to the creative economic centre and

tourism destinations; and strengthening electric

p a y m e n t f a c i l i t i e s ( A T M , E D C , o n l i n e p a y m e n t ,

QRIS)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The completion of this paper could not have been

accomplished without the support of the Directorate

General of Vocational Education, Ministry of

Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Me

and my team offer our sincere appreciation and many

thanks for both the competitive research grant and

community services grant that we have received.

Thank you very much to the head of Munduk Village

and all Munduk community for the fully support in

doing this project. Many thanks to my colleagues who

become my super team.

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