Nutrition Education about Overweight with Social Media Instagram

and Youtube Can Increase the Knowledge and Attitudes of

Adolescents in MAN 1 Bogor City

Shafira Salzakilla Damayanti, Utami Wahyuningsih*, M. Ikhsan Amar and Muh. Nur Hasan Syah

University Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Adolescent, Instagram, Nutrition Education, Overweight, Youtube.

Abstract: The high prevalence of overweight in adolescents is one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia. The

provision of nutrition education is a solution to increase knowledge and attitudes about overweight in

adolescents by utilizing social media Instagram and YouTube, which are currently multiplying in accessing

information faster. This study was conducted to determine the effect of education on social media, Instagram

and YouTube on adolescents' knowledge and attitudes toward overweight. The method used in this research

is quasi-experimental, with the number of respondents being 98 students in classes X and XI, which are

divided into four groups, namely Instagram, YouTube, Instagram and YouTube groups and controls. The

results of this study indicate an increase in knowledge and attitudes with a value (p <0.05) and differences in

the effectiveness of knowledge. There is no difference in attitudes between Instagram and YouTube media.

Then, there is no difference in effectiveness between Instagram and combined media (Instagram and

YouTube) on knowledge and attitudes in adolescents. Furthermore, there is no difference in effectiveness

between YouTube media and combined media (Instagram and YouTube) on knowledge and attitudes in

adolescents.

INTRODUCTION

Nutrition is a state of imbalance when a person's

energy intake is greater than his needs, causing excess

body weight. Factors, namely internal and external

cause the incidence of overnutrition.factors that

influence are environmental and lifestyle factors

(Amir 2018).

Adolescents are a group that is vulnerable to

nutritional problems, because the adolescent age

group is in a phase of rapid growth and development,

so this phase requires a greater intake of nutrients

(Simbolon et al, 2018).

Based on the National Basic Health Research in

2013, the prevalence of nutritional status of

adolescents of overweight was 5.7% and increased in

2018 by 9.5%. West Java Province became one of the

provinces with prevalence of overweight. It is

classified as high at 10.9%. The prevalence of

nutrition is relatively higher in adolescents girls

compared to male adolescents, 11.4% for girls and

7.7% for boys (Riskesdas 2018). Based on data from

Bogor City Health, the prevalence rate of overweight

was high at 20.1% in 2013 and includes the highest

prevalence in West Java (Dinkes Kota Bogor 2019).

According to Suryaputra and Nadhiroh (2012),

adolescents who have good knowledge about

nutrition and dietary regulation will mostly avoid

overnutrition, the wider knowledge about nutrition

will affect attitudes and behavior towards the food

consumed.

The importance of health promotion requires new

learning methods to ensure that the health message

conveyed can be captured properly. The provision of

health education can be delivered by several methods

and media such as through lectures, group

discussions, demonstrations, visual media and social

media.

Instagram and YouTube are social media

platforms that are currently widely accessed by public

users, especially in Indonesia. In 2021 the number of

Instagram social media users is 86.6% which is in

third place, while YouTube social media is in first

place with 93.8% of users (We Are Social 2021). By

utilizing social media Instagram and YouTube,

providing nutrition education will be easier and more

effective.

Damayanti, S., Wahyuningsih, U., Amar, M. and Syah, M.

Nutrition Education about Overweight with Social Media Instagram and Youtube Can Increase the Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents in MAN 1 Bogor City.

DOI: 10.5220/0011650800003608

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2022), pages 99-104

ISBN: 978-989-758-621-7; ISSN: 2975-8297

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Based on a preliminary study conducted at MAN 1

Bogor City via Google Form on 35 students, it

resulted that 71.4% of students had less knowledge

related to overnutrition, and 60% of students had

never received nutrition education. Therefore,

researchers are interested in using social media

Instagram and YouTube to examine the impact of

providing nutrition education on adolescent

knowledge and attitudes about overweight in MAN 1

Bogor City.

2 METHODS

This research is a quantitative type using a quasi-

experimental design. The population in this study

were teenagers in class X and XI at MAN 1 Bogor

City. The inclusion criteria in this study were active

students in grades X and XI, had good access to

gadgets, laptops or computers, could operate gadgets,

laptops or personal computers, had active Instagram

and YouTube social media accounts, and were

willing to be research respondents. The sampling

method used is stratified random sampling.

Respondents will be divided into 3 groups, Instagram

group, YouTube group, and Instagram and YouTube

groups. Data collection was carried out online, pre-

test which was carried out day one before the

intervention, then the intervention in the form of

nutrition education was seven times with a distance

of 2 days intervention, and post-test was conducted

after the last intervention. Data analysis used in this

study included univariate analysis and bivariate

analysis.

3 RESULTS

There were only 73 respondents involved in this

research activity, consisting of 25 people in the

Instagram group, 25 people in the YouTube group,

and 23 people in Instagram and YouTube groups.

Based on the results in table 1, it is stated that the

gender of the majority of women who participated in

the study was 82.2%. The age of the respondents is at

most 17 years old as much as 41.1%. The nutritional

status of the respondents was determined based on the

calculation of the z-score value with BMI/U index,

and most of them had normal nutritional status as

Table 1: Frequency Distribution of Respondents Characteristics.

Cha

cteristics Total

(

)

centa

(

)

Gender Male 13 17,8

Female 60 82,2

Age 15 Years Ol

15 20,5

16 Years Ol

27 37,0

17 Years Ol

30 41,1

18 Years Ol

1 1,4

Median ± Min - Max 16,0 ± 15-18

Nutritional Status Thin 5 6,8

Normal 63 86,3

Overwei

4 5,5

Obesit

1 1,4

Median ± Min - Max -0,29 ± -2.78 - 2,05

Parents Education Low : Tidak sekolah, SD, SMP 6 8,2

Moderate : SMA/SM

34 46,6

High : Perguruan Tinggi (D3,D4,S1,S2,S3) 33 45,2

Parents Salary Low < R

.1.810.000 10 13,7

Moderate R

.1.810.001 -R

.2.800.000 16 21,9

h R

.2.800.001 - R

.4.000.000 24 32,9

Very High > Rp.4.000.000 23 31,5

Parentss Job PNS/Polri/TNI 10 13,7

Entre

reneu

19 26,0

Teacher/Leacture 8 11,0

Private Em

ee 27 37,0

Drive

0 0

Doesn’t wor

2 2,7

Othe

7 9,6

Total

(

)

73 100

ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

100

much as 86.3%. This is in line with Nurholilah,

(2019) that the majority of students at SMK IT AN

NABA Bogor City have normal nutritional status

with a percentage of 68.6%. Then the last education

of the respondent's parents is divided into three

categories. The average last education of the

respondent's parents is SMA/SMK as much as 46.6%.

The high or low education of parents affects the

progress of their children's education (Azizah.A.M

2017). The level of parental education will determine

the way parents guide and direct their children in

terms of education, because parents educate their

children according to the knowledge they have

(Sunain 2017). The income of the respondent's

parents is divided into four categories based on the

value of the Provincial Minimum Wage of West Java,

the majority of whom earn Rp. 2,800,001 - Rp.

4,000,000 as much as 32.9%. In the results of research

by Mufida and Effendi, (2019), it is stated that parents

who have a good economic background can support

their children's education and can meet their learning

needs. Then the work of parents is divided into seven

categories, most of which work as Private employees

as much as 37%. This research is in line with

Hadiyanto Herman, (2014) which states that by

working, you can earn income or benefits for the

length of work, this working can meet standards to

meet proper needs which can affect learning activities

and student achievement.

Based on the results in table 2, the distribution of

the frequency of knowledge in adolescents shows that

the Instagram group during the pretest was in the

good category by 88%, and increased at the posttest

by 100%. Then for the attitude value in the Instagram

group at the pretest the most in the less category is

92% and at the posttest the good category is 80%.

The knowledge value in the YouTube group at the

time of the pretest was mostly in the good category of

96% and increased at the time of the posttest by

100%. Then the attitude value in the YouTube group

at the time of the pretest was mostly in the less

category, which was 100%, and at the posttest the

majority was in the good category, which was 96%.

The value of knowledge in the Instagram and

YouTube groups at the time of the pretest and posttest

was mostly in the good category at 100%. Then for

the attitude value in the Instagram and YouTube

groups at the time of the pretest the majority fell into

the less category, which was 100%, while at the

posttest the majority was in the sufficient category,

which was 95.7%.

Based on the results of the analysis in table 3, it

can be seen that there is a significant difference in the

average knowledge about overweight between before

and after being given nutrition education with

Instagram media for adolescent in grades X and XI at

MAN 1 Bogor City (p = 0.000) . This is in line with

the research of Nomiaji et al., (2020) and Rusdi et al.

(2021) which state that there are differences in the

knowledge and attitudes of adolescents before and

after being given nutrition education in the Instagram

group with a p-value of 0.000.

Table 2: Distribution of Respondents Knowledge and Attitude Levels Before and After in each Group.

Variable Instagram Group YouTube Group Instagram-YouTube Group

Knowledge

Pretest Posttest Pretest Posttest Pretest Posttest

n % n % n % n % n % n %

Lac

3 12 - - 1 4 - - - - - -

Good 22 88 25 100 24 96 25 100 23 100 23 100

Total 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 23 100 23 100

Attitude

Lac

23 92 5 20 25 100 1 4 23 100 1 4,3

Goo

2 8 20 80 - - 24 96 - - 22 95,7

Total 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 23 100 23 100

Table 3: Differences in Knowledge and Attitudes Before and after Nutrition Education Regarding Overweight in Instagram

Media Groups.

Variable Mean ± SD Min-Max P-Value

Knowledge

0,007

Pretest 73,40 ±13,9 40-95

Posttest 84,80 ± 9,94 65-100

Attitude

0,000

Pretest 46,84 ± 11,8 32-82

Posttest 66,80 ± 9,26 56-98

Nutrition Education about Overweight with Social Media Instagram and Youtube Can Increase the Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents

in MAN 1 Bogor City

101

Table 4: Differences in Knowledge and Attitudes Before and After Nutrition Education Related to Overweight in the YouTube

Media Group.

Variable Mean ± SD Min-Max P-Value

Knowled

0,000

Pretes

72,60 ± 10,0 55-90

Posttes

93,80 ± 6,81 80-100

Attitude 0,000

Pretes

41,52± 5,02 32-50

Posttest 68,44 ± 6,21 57-84

Table 5: Differences in Knowledge Before and After Nutrition Education Regarding Overweight in Instagram and YouTube

Media Groups.

Variable Mean ± SD Min-Max P-Value

Knowledge

0,000

Pretest 77,39 ± 8,10 60-95

Posttest 90,22 ± 8,18 75-100

Attitude

Pretest 42,70 ± 3,22 35-47 0,000

Posttest 68,52 ± 5,22 57-80

Based on the results of the analysis in table 4, it is

known that there are differences in knowledge and

attitudes between before and after being given

nutrition education in the YouTube group. This is in

line with the research of Meidiana et al. (2018) and

Rinarto Latifa et al., (2022) that there are differences

in knowledge and attitudes before and after being

given education to the YouTube group. Based on the

results of the analysis in table 5, it can be seen that

there are differences in knowledge and attitudes

between before and after being given nutrition

education using Instagram and YouTube social media

in adolescents. This is in line with the research by

Senja Atika Sari and Suhendra Sulaeman, (2018)

which showed that there were differences in the level

of knowledge and attitudes before and after nutrition

education was given to the visual and audiovisual

combination group.

The results of the analysis in this study indicate

that providing nutrition education about overweight

using Instagram and YouTube social media can

increase the average knowledge score, significant

difference in the average knowledge score between

before being given nutrition education and after being

given nutrition education using social media

Instagram and YouTube.

Based on the results of this study, it is known that

the information obtained by respondents through

nutrition education media in the form of social media

in the form of Instagram feeds in the @Halo.Gizi

account and Youtube videos in the @Halo.gizi

account can increase their knowledge about

overweight.

In the research of Ratna and Lies Elina P, (2021)

that today's teenagers prefer social media because

they have internet facilities on cellphones to access

information. There are several social media that are in

great demand among teenagers today, Instagram and

YouTube. Where both these applications have their

respective advantages. Instagram is a social network

which is a place to post any content. Instagram is a

very interesting platform, full of inspiration,

opinions, and experiences of other people (Staniewski

and Awruk 2022).

Instagram has considerable potential and has a

broad reach to be used as a medium for delivering

health information. The Instagram application has

interesting features that can be easily accessed by

teenagers in obtaining information quickly and the

Instagram application is very easy to use, making it

an alternative media source of education.

This study utilizes the “Feed” feature to inspire

nutrition education materials in the form of

infographic photos. Respondents can more easily

capture the information conveyed through

infographics, because the information is captured

visually which can be read directly. The material

provided is summarized in a simple manner, and is

supported by a slide feature in the feed that can make

it easier for someone to read information related to

nutrition education easily.

Youtube is one of the online media that has

audiovisual media facilities and this media is very

ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health

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Table 6: Comparison of Group Posttest Values between Instagram and YouTube Media Groups.

Variable Instagram YouTube P-Value

Mean ± SD Mean ± SD

Knowledge 84,80 ± 9,94 93,80 ± 6,18 0,001

Attitude 66,80 ± 9,26 68,44 ± 6,21 0,174

Table 7: Comparison of Posttest Values between Instagram and Instagram – YouTube Media Groups.

Variable Instagram Instagram & YouTube P-Value

Mean ± SD Mean ± SD

Knowledge 84,80 ± 9,94 90,22 ± 8,18 0,064

Attitude 66,80 ± 9,26 68,52 ± 5,22 0,123

interesting to be used as a media choice when learning

online. In the media, YouTube presents a lot of

material content, so that it can attract students' interest

to listen to learning activities. Based on Hatini, (2021)

that YouTube as an online learning medium can

increase knowledge in adolescents, so that

audiovisual videos are more effective in increasing

adolescent knowledge.

Based on the results of the analysis in table 6, it is

known that there are differences in the effectiveness

of nutrition education between Instagram and

YouTube social media on knowledge related to

overweight in adolescents. This is in line with the

research of Primanita, (2020) which states that there

is a difference in the effectiveness of nutrition

education between visual and audiovisual media on

knowledge. The attitude value shows no difference in

effectiveness between Instagram and YouTube social

media. Similarly, research by Putri et al. (2017) that

there is no difference in the effectiveness of nutrition

education between visual and audio-visual media on

attitudes in adolescents.

Based on the results of the analysis in table 7, it is

known that there is no difference in effectiveness in

providing nutrition education between Instagram

social media and Instagram-YouTube social media on

knowledge and attitudes related to overweight in

adolescents. In providing nutrition education using

visual and audio-visual media is more effective than

visual alone. In line with Kurnianingsih, (2019) video

media convey information faster, because video

media convey information through audio and visual

so that someone understands what is taught through

video media and is supported by visual media.

Based on the results of the analysis in table 8 that

there is no difference in effectiveness in providing

nutrition education between YouTube social media

and Instagram-YouTube on knowledge and attitudes

related to overweight in adolescents. This is also in

line with the research of Senja Atika Sari and

Suhendra Sulaeman, (2018) that there is no difference

in effectiveness between using one educational media

with a combination of media on knowledge and

attitudes. Media is an interesting and effective

learning method for students. This is in accordance

with Maria Agustin, (2014) that combining two visual

and audiovisual media is equally effective in

providing education.

4 CONCLUSIONS

In this study, it can be concluded that there is a

difference in the average knowledge about

overweight between before and after being given

nutrition education with Instagram and YouTube

media in class X and XI adolescents at MAN 1 Bogor

City with a p-value of 0.000. Furthermore, in the

difference in the effectiveness of YouTube social

media, it is most effectively used as a student

learning.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the student of state MAN 1

Bogor city who participated in this study for their

willingness to give their time, honesty, and trust to

complete.

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