New Technologies in Production

Zelimkhan Musostov

, Albina K. Berkaeva

and Isa Basnukaev

Chechen State University, Grozny Named After A.A. Kadyrova, Grozny, Russian Federation

North Ossetian State University Named After K.L. Khetagurova, Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation

Grozny State Oil Technical University Named After Academician M.D. Millionshchikova, Grozny, Russian Federation

Keywords: Ecology, green economy, green technologies, renewable sources, green production, eco-friendly production.

Annotation: The adoption of the concept of sustainable development implies the commitment by individual states and

regional integrations to harmonize the economic, social and environmental aspects of development. One of

the areas of such activity is the introduction of "green" technologies in various branches of economic activity.

This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of "green" technologies in production.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the key areas of sustainable development of

modern civilization is the introduction of "green"

technologies - environmentally friendly technological

processes, production lines and logistics that provide

the most optimal parameters of resource saving,

energy efficiency and environmental safety in the

current conditions. The introduction of "green"

technologies in the manufacturing industries is based

on the appropriate mechanisms of state policy, which

involve stimulating innovations in the field of "green"

ecology and tougher penalties for environmental

offenses.

Developed countries are implementing "green"

technologies in all sectors of the economy and at all

stages of the product life cycle - from the design and

production of products to its processing and final

disposal.

With the introduction of environmental

technologies, success is achieved in reducing the

expenditure of resources and the increased use of by-

products arising from the organization of production

processes. For example, in the new millennium,

refrigerators consume 75% less electricity compared

to refrigerators produced in the 70s of the XX

century. At the same time, they have a lot of power.

These results were achieved through the use of new

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-3807

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0332-6378

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-1596

materials that provide increased insulation and the

development of more efficient cooling systems.

Compared to the 1970s, cargo ground transport

consumes 20% less fuel with an increase in carrying

capacity; in civil aviation, fuel savings amounted to

50%. In recent decades, due to the use of the latest

technologies, the efficiency of oil and gas production

has increased.

The most important direction in the

implementation of "green" technologies is the energy

industry, which has a direct impact on all existing

industries. The key areas in this area are increasing

energy efficiency and using renewable energy

sources.

Renewable energy sources are inexhaustible

resources. The main principle of renewable sources is

to obtain them from natural processes that are cyclical

in nature: radiation of sunlight, sea tides, wind,

geothermal energy of the earth. When using these

natural energy sources, it is possible to obtain energy

comparable to energy from burning oil, gas, coal and

their products. The use of natural resources does not

affect the energy balance of the planet and is the basis

of the "green economy", which leads to the active

development of renewable energy in European

countries, which have high hopes for it in the long

term. The role of renewable energy sources in solving

244

Musostov, Z., Berkaeva, A. and Basnukaev, I.

New Technologies in Production.

DOI: 10.5220/0011569300003524

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Methods, Models, Technologies for Sustainable Development (MMTGE 2022) - Agroclimatic Projects and Carbon Neutrality, pages

244-247

ISBN: 978-989-758-608-8

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

global civilizational problems is clearly presented in

Figure 1.

Figure 1: The role of renewable energy sources in solving

global problems (*Note. + positive impact, – negative

impact, 0 no impact.).

Obviously, renewable energy sources are

essential for the energy system that feeds the most

significant industries. Renewable sources also have

the advantage of being located close to energy supply

facilities, unlike traditional fuel and energy systems,

in which high costs are required to deliver energy to

enterprises. Further development of renewable

sources will improve the supply of remote regions,

reduce the intensity of traffic flows and ensure the

uniform development of production in the country.

Some of the renewable energy sources contain

components from which it is possible to obtain not

only energy products, but also elements used in the

chemical industry, metallurgy, road construction and

agriculture. These elements include oil shale, thermal

waters and bituminous rocks, which contain nickel,

lithium, sulfur, vanadium and other elements in

sufficient quantities (Vladimirov, 2020).

Another direction for the introduction of "green"

technologies in production activities is the

manufacture of non-toxic products that can be used in

a closed cycle: "production - disposal - new

production" (Kalner, 2018). An example of the

implementation of "green" technologies is the use of

only recyclable types of plastic in the production, as

well as the development and implementation of its

biodegradable counterparts.

Waste-free and low-waste production

technologies are also widely used. For example, in the

metallurgical industry, the problem of the formation

of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes is solved by

melting the metal in a liquid bath, which ensures the

preservation of solid and liquid emissions. Sulfur-

containing gases accumulate in a special tank and are

subsequently used to produce sulfur and sulfuric acid.

Powder metallurgy is recognized as a practically

waste-free technology, in which the utilization rate of

the feedstock reaches 99%. The wood processing

technology is actually waste-free, since the waste left

after the formation of furniture panels and lumber is

used for the industrial production of chips, sawdust,

pellets and fuel briquettes.

The introduction of "green" technologies in the

chemical and oil refining industries is based on the

active use of membranes for the separation of liquids

and gases, the production of biogas from organic

residues, the use of plasma, ultraviolet radiation and

electric pulse intensity to transform waste into useful

substances. In the mechanical engineering industry,

environmental developments should be directed to

the development of water recycling processes in order

to minimize their use and pollution. An example of

waste-free production technology is shown in figure

2 (Molchanova, 2019).

Figure 2: An example of a waste-free technology for the

production of ethyl alcohol.

The use of "green" technologies in production not

only improves the environment, but also reduces

costs, improves the efficiency of technological

processes, and ensures high competitiveness of

manufactured products. This causes significant

interest in such technologies not only from developed

countries, but also from rapidly developing

economies, such as China.

At present, there are about 2,000 research centers

and state-owned business incubators in China,

designed to ensure the development of

environmentally friendly technologies. At present,

China ranks among the top countries in the world in

New Technologies in Production

245

the number of patents in the field of wind power,

biofuel production and the sustainable use of coal.

Small businesses are of particular importance in the

implementation of scientific research and the

development of "green" technologies in production.

Small innovative enterprises (SIEs) are companies

that meet the national criteria for classifying small

businesses and specialize in the development and

implementation of science-intensive "green"

technologies, high-tech and innovative products.

2 MAIN BODY

In developed countries (EU countries, Japan, New

Zealand, Republic of Korea), the share of spending

on research and development in the field of "green"

technologies reaches 10-15% of the total state budget.

The most active developments are carried out in the

production of innovative biofuels, as well as in

technologies of high-temperature superconductors

and smart grids (Egorova, 2020). A significant

direction in the development of "green" technologies

is the fight against pollution. Thus, in Australia they

are actively working on technologies for purifying

water resources, in Germany all attention is focused

on air pollution, in Brazil, India and China,

technologies for the effective management of

municipal solid waste are of particular importance.

The most significant global environmental problems

include climate change, deterioration of fresh water

quality and reduction of biodiversity. It can be

assumed that the further development of "green"

technologies will be aimed at solving these problems.

Today, the most promising areas for the development

of "green" technologies are increasing the efficiency

and environmental friendliness of vehicles,

improving building materials, reducing the size of

gadgets while increasing their functionality, and

developing nanotechnologies and biotechnologies

aimed at cleaning the environment from pollution.

In the Russian Federation, "green technologies"

have an extremely low development, the total number

of Russian patents in this area is less than one percent.

The introduction of environmentally friendly

technologies could improve the situation with

environmental pollution, saving resources, increasing

efficiency in certain production areas. All these

factors are of great importance for our country.

A serious problem in the implementation of

"green technologies" is the development of a strategy

for its application and the organization of the

application of new processes. The transition to green

technologies requires a significant initial investment,

and research shows that this transition later provides

an increase in natural capital and, in general,

increases the level of GDP.

The approach to the use of "green technologies"

primarily depends on the policy of the state and the

ratio of costs for traditional and environmentally

friendly processes. A constraining factor in the

development of this area is the high cost of electric

vehicles, whose share in the automotive market in

Western Europe is no more than one percent.

Also, the spread of "green technologies" is

constrained by weak regulation by the state, a long

period of development and organization of the

process, the need to reorganize the energy and

transport infrastructure, the lack of qualified

specialists and management, and the unpreparedness

of business for fundamental changes in the approach

to technological processes. Despite these difficulties,

in many advanced countries the state builds its policy

taking into account the widespread use of "green

technologies" and takes measures aimed at shaping

environmental consciousness among citizens (Shilov,

2020).

So, at present, Russia has adopted and is

implementing the national project "Ecology" - one of

the 14 national projects operating in Russia for the

period from 2019 to 2024. This project was adopted

in pursuance of the Decree of the President of the

Russian Federation "On the national goals and

strategic objectives of the development of the Russian

Federation for the period up to 2024". The national

project "Ecology" includes 11 federal projects. The

structure of the national project "Ecology" is shown

in figure 3 (Murtazova, 2021).

Figure 3: The structure of the national project "Ecology".

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

246

Thus, the national environmental development

project is being implemented in five areas: "Waste",

"Water", "Air", "Biodiversity", "Technologies".

The national project "Ecology" has six main

goals:

⎯ efficient management of production and

consumption waste, including the elimination

of all identified unauthorized dumps within the

boundaries of cities;

⎯ reduction of atmospheric air pollution in large

industrial centers;

⎯ improving the quality of drinking water for the

population;

⎯ environmental rehabilitation of water bodies,

including the Volga River, and the preservation

of unique water systems, including lakes Baikal

and Teletskoye;

⎯ conservation of biological diversity, including

through the creation of at least 24 new specially

protected natural areas;

⎯ ensuring the balance of disposal and

reproduction of forests in the ratio of 100%

(Gakaev, 2020).

The total funding is 4,041,000,000,000 rubles. Of

these, about 700 billion rubles are expected to be

attracted from the federal budget, 133 billion rubles

from regional budgets and the rest from

extrabudgetary sources. More than half of these funds

are expected to be used to finance the federal project

"Introduction of the best available technologies"

(Souter, 2019).

The second project in terms of funding is the

Clean Air project, the third is a project related to

improving the municipal waste management system.

3 CONCLUSION

The implementation of the national project "Ecology"

is closely connected with the development of "green"

technologies in Russia. The development of such

technologies has significant prospects: the country is

actively developing nuclear power, nano- and

biotechnologies, the production of laser equipment,

and information technologies. The growth of

investments in environmental innovations, the

creation of sustainable development institutions, and

the support of the innovation infrastructure in general

contribute to the introduction of "green" technologies

in Russian production.

During the coronavirus pandemic, technologies

related to air disinfection and biological safety were

noted among the new trends. Green technologies have

been extremely successful in the construction

industry. Thus, as part of the implementation of the

Skolkovo project, an exclusively “green” building

planning and design code is being implemented, the

LEED Silver level (that is, a certificate of leadership

in energy and environmental design) is mandatory for

all industrial and technological facilities being built.

Lakhta Center in St. Petersburg is also a modern

LEED-certified skyscraper. All the newest and

reconstructed MEGA-IKEA facilities comply with

the BREEAM environmental standard. Residential

quarter "European" in the city of Tyumen was

awarded the highest rating "excellent" according to

the BREEAM standard (RBC).

Gradually, environmentally friendly technologies

are being introduced in all sectors of the Russian

industry, however, for a full-fledged "green

transition" can only be implemented under conditions

of comprehensive interaction between the state and

business.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The article is written as part of the RFFI grant 20-310-

90063.

REFERENCES

Kalner, V. D., Polozov, V. A., 2019. Green economy and

non-alternative natural resources. p. 22.

RBC. The pandemic set new trends in green building: what

developers are implementing.

https://realty.rbc.ru/news/5fd3194a9a7947115ccf9d7a.

Shilov, I. A., 2020. Ecology. Yurayt. p. 78.

Murtazova, K. M.-S., 2021. Ecological and economic

assessment of sectoral agricultural technologies. 3(15).

pp. 68-71.

Gakaev, R. A., Bayrakov, I. A., Bagasheva, M. I., 2020.

Ecological foundations of the optimal structure of forest

landscapes in the Chechen Republic. Environmental

problems. Looking into the future. pp. 50-52.

Vladimirov, A. M., Imanov, F. A., 2019. Principles for

assessing the ecological flow of rivers. pp. 225-229

Molchanova, Ya. P., 2019. Hydrochemical indicators of the

state of the environment, p. 192.

Egorova, N. I., Mityakova, O. I., 2020. Environmental

Innovation and Sustainable Development. pp. 209-215.

Souter, MacLean, Okoh and Creech, 2019. ICTs. Internet

and Sustainable Development: Towards a new

paradigm. IISD, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada.

New Technologies in Production

247