Topical Issues of Implementation of the Green Economy Principles

А. A. Bisultanova

Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

Keywords: Sustainable development of territories, ecological catastrophe, principles of sustainable development,

indicators of sustainable development.

Abstract: In the article, the author investigates the issues of the introduction of green economy technologies. Among

the main problems of sustainable development, the author touched upon the environmental problems of

modern society. The author once again stressed the need to make early decisions regarding the implementation

of the principles of the green economy throughout our planet. She stressed that only the joint, coordinated

work of the governments of the countries can contribute to accelerating the implementation of the principles

of the green economy. Much attention is paid in the article to the need to improve environmental literacy

among the population. The author insists on a more widespread introduction of environmental literacy courses

among all levels of education in Russia. Everyone is obliged to know the consequences of the ecocatastrophe,

on the verge of which humanity is now. It is also worth paying attention, according to the author, to the

environmental consequences of decisions taken at the government level. Despite the fact that the current

geopolitical situation in the world puts other issues and problems as priorities for decision-making, we should

not forget that an environmental catastrophe is no less destructive for humanity than all wars and other

confrontations that are relevant at this stage of human evolution.

1 INTRODUCTION

Despite numerous studies indicating the need to move

to reducing the burden on the environment, this

problem remains one of the most acute and requires

rigorous measures. The volume of human economic

activity at this stage of development has a huge

impact on the climate and on the conditions of human

existence, which forces us to look for numerous

solutions, whether it is the establishment of quotas for

the production of pollutants, the cessation of

production of substances that destroy the ozone layer

of the atmosphere, etc. Human activity exceeds the

actual capabilities of the planet, and the number of

artificially created objects exceeds the biomass of the

Earth. If the production of anthropogenic mass

continues, then, according to research, in 2040 the

anthropogenic mass will exceed the Earth's biomass

by three times (Ivanova, 2017). As a result, the need

for the introduction of resource-saving technologies

has been approached on a global scale. Among the

world economic community, the idea of a green

economy model is gaining more and more popularity.

To deny the need for its implementation in these

conditions of economic development is extremely

reckless. The essence of the study is the need to

emphasize or refute the need to introduce "green"

technologies into production. In the research of

leading economic scientists, there are two points of

view on the interaction and the consequences,

therefore, of this interaction, between the

prerequisites for the introduction of green economy

technologies and labor productivity.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

One group of economic scientists considers

environmental protection measures to be a burden and

additional costs without increasing labor productivity

as a result of the measures introduced, and,

consequently, the profit received. This opinion is held

by E. Denison (Denison, 1979), S. Issoufou, N.

Ouattara (Issoufou, 2011). According to their

research and their regression analysis of the impact of

the introduced environmental standards on the level

of labor productivity, they concluded that it was

inappropriate to introduce "green" technologies into

production, recommended that management be more

careful with the introduction of "green" innovations.

234

Bisultanova, A.

Topical Issues of Implementation of the Green Economy Principles.

DOI: 10.5220/0011569100003524

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Methods, Models, Technologies for Sustainable Development (MMTGE 2022) - Agroclimatic Projects and Carbon Neutrality, pages

234-238

ISBN: 978-989-758-608-8

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Other scientists also joined their opinion, for

example, M. Roberts, S. Dufour (Dufour, 1998).

However, M. Porter in the 90s for the first time

suggested that the introduction of "green"

technologies could lead to an increase in

competitiveness, including by creating an image of a

socially responsible enterprise that also cares about

environmental protection (Porter, 1991). M. Porter's

opinion was also supported by Linde in 1995 (Porter,

1995). In the future, S. Abrizio, who in 2017

conducted an empirical analysis at the level of firms

and industries, was able to refute the main postulates

of the Porter hypothesis, or to be more precise, the

postulate that the introduction of environmental

standards will contribute to improving the

competitiveness of the firm. However, Porter's

hypothesis was confirmed by N. Amara, R. Lin and

Ch. Sheu (Amara, 1999; Lin, 2012). In their research,

they found a causal relationship between the

introduction of "green" technologies and effective

production methods. They also stressed the great

influence of institutional factors on the spread of the

practice of using "green" technologies (Rutsky,

2020).

To date, the governments of all foreign countries

have recognized the fact that the sustainable

development of the country is closely linked to

environmental factors. It is precisely how closely the

state treats environmental problems inside and

outside the country that affects the success of

decisions that affect economic growth in the future.

The leaders of all countries unanimously expressed

concern about the existing, extremely catastrophic

environmental situation on Earth. This topic is

relevant and never-abating, it is necessary not only to

reduce the destruction that causes human life activity

to nature, but also to try to restore the damage that has

already been done. Due attention should be paid to the

mass media in order to convey to the population that

humanity is one step away from a global

ecocatastrophe, since the consequences can be

irreversible and inescapable, among other things. It is

necessary not only to provide scientific justification

for the need to introduce the concepts of the green

economy, but also practical, leading figures of

science and technology should also be involved so

that the state can more successfully introduce and

implement the basic principles of the green economy.

It is also worth mentioning that one of the primary

tasks is also the selection of those indicators by which

the effectiveness of the introduction of green

economy technologies is measured. Moreover, it is

desirable that the indicators reflect not only the

internal state of the environment, but also external

influences arising in the process of human activity.

All current indicators of measuring the green

economy can be classified according to different

approaches. The first approach is based on the

effectiveness of the environmental and resource

component (measuring the degree of environmental

friendliness, etc.);

The second approach is based on an ecological

measurement of the quality of life, that is, on

measuring how the environment affects the quality of

life of citizens.

The third approach reflects the economic and

political measures taken by management, that is, they

measure the effectiveness of public policy to ensure

the introduction of "green" technologies, etc. The

group of environmental indicators covers four areas:

climate change, ecosystem management, productivity

and resource efficiency, as well as chemicals and

waste management. The group of policy indicators

includes "green" investments, "green" tax reform,

assessment of externalities and assessment of

ecosystem services, "green" procurement and training

of skills necessary for "green" jobs.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this regard, it is worth noting the active efforts of

the EU countries on the introduction of green

economy technologies. According to the Main

Directions for the Implementation of Climate and

Energy Policy adopted in 2014 for the period from

2020 to 2030, it is planned to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions, increase the energy efficiency of

economies and achieve the share of renewable energy

sources in the energy balance of the EU countries to

a certain level.

According to official data, by 2017, the EU had

reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 21.7%

compared to the level in 1990; in the period from

2004 to 2018, the share of renewable energy sources

in the European Union more than doubled, reaching

17.97% (which is higher than the global average of

17.5% in 2016) of total final consumption energy in

2018 (according to Eurostat).

At this stage of economic development, the

Russian Federation lags far behind developed

countries in terms of the introduction of green

economy technologies. In this regard, it is worth

noting that the introduction of green economy

technologies implies a reduction in the use of

hydrocarbons. This direction is extremely

unprofitable for the raw materials economy of the

Russian Federation. According to official sources, the

Topical Issues of Implementation of the Green Economy Principles

235

export of fuel and energy goods for 2021 amounted

to 54.3%, which indicates an extremely unprofitable

development vector for the Russian economy. Within

the framework of the multilateral Paris Climate

Agreement the Russian Federation prepared a draft

"Strategy for the long-term development of the

Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas

emissions until 2050", according to which it is

planned to reduce carbon emissions to 67% of the

1990 level by 2030. It is also worth noting that in

addition to the Russian Federation, more than 100

countries took part in the signing of the Paris Climate

Agreement and assumed liabilities to reduce carbon

emissions. It is also worth noting that leading players

such as the EU and the USA have joined the race of

green technologies, since it is an indisputable fact that

our future belongs to green technologies.

With the development of green technologies,

those countries that will make the energy transition

first will have a winning position in comparison with

other countries. This suggests that countries that have

already implemented energy transition or are at the

stage of energy transition will occupy appropriate

positions in the geopolitical space. According to

scientists, the fact that energy transfer is carried out

without a single scenario, in a separated and

fragmented manner, indicates that there is a need for

polycentric solutions.

However, each country chooses the most priority

sectors of the economy, which it plans to green in the

first place. For the Russian Federation, the industries

that should introduce green economy technologies

include industry, energy, agriculture and education. It

is on these sectors of the economy that it is planned

to focus the efforts of the country's leadership for a

more successful implementation of the technologies

in question. Special attention should be paid to

measures to stimulate scientific research and

innovative developments to increase the speed and

efficiency of the transition to green economy

technologies.

The transition to the principles of a green

economy contributes, first of all, to the conservation

and multiplication of natural resources, secondly,

contributes to sustainable economic growth, thirdly,

contributes to the well-being and improvement in

living standards of citizens, a total of 17 sustainable

development goals have been identified according to

the UNEP classification, 10 of them can be adapted

for Russia (Table 1).

Table 1: Objectives in the main sectors of the green

economy of Russia according to the UNEP classification.

Sectors Objectives of Russia by 2030

Agriculture

Increasing the dietary calories to

2800-3000 kcal/da

2030.

Heating and

lighting of

buildings

Improving energy efficiency and

reducing energy consumption

and emissions. By 2030, provide

85% of heating and 75% of

liquefied gas from the entire

housing stock.

Energy supply

By 2030, increase the share of

renewable energy to 10% of the

total electricit

eneration.

Fishing

Achieving the maximum

sustainable catch by reducing

the total

lobal catch b

50%.

Forestry

A 50% reduction in

deforestation by 2030, as well as

an increase in forest plantations

to ensure stable production of

forest products.

Industry

By 2030, the share of industries

with a significant negative

environmental impact in the

industrial structure should be

reduced from 60% to 50%.

Tourism

Achieve an annual growth of

eco-tourism by 20%.

Transport

Introduce stricter fuel efficiency

standards and emission

standards, reward drivers who

choose more efficient vehicles.

Water resources

Provide the population with

clean drinking water 100% of

the urban

housing stock; 61-63% of rural

housing stoc

Energy sector

Reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions to 70-75% compared

to 1990 levels.

Source: (Sdasyuk, 2013).

For a successful transition to the implementation

of the principles of green technologies, it is important

to expand educational activities among all social

groups of the population, using both the media and

educational resources, such as schools, universities.

Particular attention should be paid to civil society

institutions such as youth activist movements, public

opinion institutions, etc.

Ensuring the success of these ideas depends

entirely on the state policy carried out on the territory

of the country. The place of the country in the

geopolitical space in the future depends on it.

The issues of measuring the introduction of green

economy technologies also remain open, since the

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

236

GDP indicator, which was previously used to assess

the effectiveness of the introduction of green

technologies, does not fully reflect social and

environmental factors. The most well-known and

frequently used GGEI indicator is the Global Green

Economy Index, which was introduced in 2010.

GGEI is published by Dual Citizen LLC. The results

of 2018 according to the index of the green economy

indicate that the greatest attention at the government

level is paid to green technologies in Sweden,

Switzerland and Iceland (Table 2).

Table 2: The GGEI indicator - the Global Green Economy

Index for 2018.

o. Countr

Percentile

1 Sweden 0.7608

2 Switzerlan

0.7594

3 Icelan

0.7129

orwa

0.7031

5 Finlan

0.6997

Note - Source - the Global Green Economy Index

(Global Green Economy Index,

https://dualcitizeninc.com)

4 CONCLUSIONS

The concept of sustainable development is an

objective necessity for the harmonious development

of modern society. The concept of sustainable

development is a consequence of global human

problems that have arisen as a result of the interaction

of man and nature. The essence of the concept is to

meet the needs of modern society without causing

damage to the environment. The principles of

sustainable development were supplemented and

refined as human society evolved. However, the

principles of sustainable development are still the

subject of heated discussions not only for Russian, but

also for foreign researchers. Since 2000, various

measures have been taken to achieve sustainable

development, one of the most significant results of

these measures is the adoption of a UN resolution and

the formulation of 17 Sustainable Development

Goals. Focusing on the problems of "greening" of the

Russian Federation, it is necessary to pay attention

primarily to the raw materials orientation of the

Russian economy, to the fact that at the state level, the

issues of "greening" of the economy are not given due

attention, that is, there are no stimulating factors that

encourage representatives of science and technology

to engage in relevant developments in the field of

green technologies. The state, using a rather rigid

imperative system, does not use economic levers for

the development and implementation of green

technologies. It is also worth emphasizing that work

on improving environmental literacy should be

carried out at all levels of education, Russian society,

in this case, as well as all people should know all the

risks and threats associated with environmental

disasters, on the verge of which humanity is now

standing. The current difficult geopolitical situation

that has developed in the world raises other issues as

a priority, however, the ecocatastrophe on the verge

of which humanity is, requires urgent attention and

immediate decisions. Moreover, decisions should be

made not only within the country, but in general,

throughout the planet. That is, only through the joint

efforts of all countries it is possible to limit the pace

of impending threats and reduce their consequences,

at least. It is necessary to pay more attention to

monitoring the implementation of the assumed

functions in the field of green technologies by various

countries, since inattentive attitude threatens with

irreversible consequences.

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MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

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