Modern Trends in the Development of Environmentally-oriented

Innovative Processes in Construction

Ismail Shakhgiraev

, Salambek Aliyev

and Naida Gasanova

Chechen State University, Grozny named after A.A. Kadyrova, Grozny, Russian Federation

Grozny State Oil Technical University Named After Academician M.D. Millionshchikov, Grozny, Russian Federation

Dagestan State Technical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation

Keywords: Ecologization of the economy, environmental audit, secondary raw materials, recycling, technology,

construction.

Abstract: The article discusses the main stages of the selection of innovative production technologies that are adapted

to the environmental and economic constraints in force in accordance with national and international

regulations on the state of the environment, and also take into account the social component as one of the

components of sustainable development. An algorithm for the step-by-step selection and evaluation of optimal

solutions is presented in compliance with environmental, economic and social imperatives based on the

principles of sustainable development. The ways of transition of the construction industry to a new conceptual

development framework are proposed, within which the priority is the cascade involvement of natural

resources in the production process and minimizing the volume of residual products. Analyzed and proposed

promising areas of application of information and environmentally-oriented technologies for predicting the

life cycle of an object with the possibility of its increase.

1 INTRODUCTION

Since the 70s of the last century, mankind has realized

that information about the state of the environment,

coordination of efforts to collect, store and process

and analyze it are a necessity for further existence. In

1970, under the auspices of the UN, the Stockholm

Conference on Environmental Protection was held,

where the Environmental Program (UNEP) was

adopted. It developed the basic concept of monitoring

and assessment of the state of the environment, as

well as common terminology (Agenda…). Since

then, economic entities can be legally liable for

environmental damage. This led to significant

additional financial losses that enterprises began to

experience. Financial and fiscal instruments caused a

shift in business philosophy towards compliance with

environmental legislation in their activities.

Outwardly, such measures are very reminiscent of a

financial audit. Therefore, the environmental review

procedure is called environmental audit (State…).

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6644-9519

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-4889

The first companies to develop and implement

their own environmental review programs were US

Steel, Allied Chemical, and Occidental Petroleum.

Industrially developed countries were initially leaders

in environmental auditing. The environmental audit

procedure is used to resolve conflicts between carrier

companies and national environmental authorities.

The most common is a specialized environmental

audit on accounting for production waste, etc. It

should be noted that a modern environmental audit is

not only a check of the state of an enterprise for

compliance with the requirements of environmental

legislation, but also the basis for developing a set of

measures to prevent its possible violations (

Directive…). Thus, environmental audit is

transformed from an ordinary administrative tool for

monitoring compliance with the law into an economic

and legal tool for stimulating the environmental

activities of an enterprise.

Another type of non-state environmental audit can

be considered voluntary rating certification in the

Shakhgiraev, I., Aliyev, S. and Gasanova, N.

Modern Trends in the Development of Environmentally-oriented Innovative Processes in Construction.

DOI: 10.5220/0011568200003524

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Methods, Models, Technologies for Sustainable Development (MMTGE 2022) - Agroclimatic Projects and Carbon Neutrality, pages

183-188

ISBN: 978-989-758-608-8

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

183

manufacturing industry. Modern world standards on

the regulation of environmental parameters of the

architectural and construction industry concern

mainly the environmental, energy and economic

efficiency of the so-called "green buildings" (green

building) and are developed as systems. The best

known of these are BREEAM (building

environmental performance assessment method) and

LEED (leadership in energy and environmental

design) (Maliene, 2010). Today, more than 50

international agreements are in force abroad, which

directly relate to the issues of environmental

monitoring and auditing the state of enterprises and

adjacent territories. Special working groups have

been created, whose task is to develop

recommendations and action plans on environmental

monitoring for the countries of the world.

Environmental international policy is based on the

task of preventing the generation of waste, promoting

reuse, recycling and processing of waste into

biologically safe substances. The priority goal is to

turn waste into resources and reduce their generation.

Domestic legislation in this area, despite a fairly

developed regulatory framework, does not fully

comply with such requirements. So, the

implementation of these requirements is associated

with significant changes and additions in the legal

field. First of all, our country faces the necessity of

transition to a new conceptual basis of economic

development. Most sectors of the national economy,

which are resource-intensive due to direct

dependence on the raw material base, are built on a

linear model of the economy. The linear model

assumes an increase in resource costs in direct

proportion to production volumes, which contradicts

the problem of preserving valuable natural resources.

In contrast to the linear model of the circular

economy, it is focused on the continuous or cascade

turnover of technical and biological materials during

production and minimizing the volume of residual

products. This approach coincides with the biosphere-

compatible economic orientation and environmental

imperatives (Dedicoat, 2016).

The purpose of this work is to develop a

mechanism for managing the construction complex,

which ensures the transition of the construction

industry to a new conceptual development

framework, within which the priority is the cascade

involvement of natural resources in the production

process and minimizing the volume of residual

products. The mechanisms of greening the economy

and their success will depend on the correlation of

specific programs in each sector of the national

economy. The strategy of modernization of the

construction industry, as one of the resource-

intensive, is one of the serious problems of the

modern economy.

The methodological basis of the study is the

regulatory legal acts regulating the investment and

construction sphere, statistical data, methodological

developments and other literature on the study of the

innovative construction complex and ecological

construction.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

In Russia, the main component of the environmental

assessment system is an environmental review, which

is organized and carried out by the Federal Service for

Supervision of Natural Resources. “Environmental

expertise in our country is the establishment of

compliance of documents and (or) documentation

substantiating the economic and other activities

planned in connection with the implementation of the

object of environmental expertise, with

environmental requirements established by technical

regulations and legislation in the field of

environmental protection, in order to prevent negative

impact such activities on the environment”

(Federal…). Directive 2008/98/EC of 2008 on waste

introduced measures to protect the environment and

human health by preventing or reducing the negative

impacts of production and waste management, as well

as reducing the overall consequences of the use of

resources and increasing the efficiency of such use.

This document is based on the ambitious goal of

moving closer to the “recycling society”. It prioritizes

recycling measures, encourages separate collection of

waste and reuse of products. The directive sets out the

criteria for classifying waste as a by-product and the

procedures by which the status of waste ends, when

the waste is no longer considered waste, but a

potential resource. Advantages are given to

technologies based on energy resources from

renewable sources and secondary raw materials. But

such a condition is a limitation not only in the use of

primary environmental resources (as a cause), but

also in economic development (as a consequence).

The concept of limitedness in relation to the natural

environment has several vectors: limitedness of the

main natural resources and energy sources necessary

to continue the process of development and economic

growth; limitation of the main components of the

environment, characterizing its qualitative

parameters, assessment of the state, which is derived,

on the one hand, from the amount of emitted

pollution, on the other hand, from the ability of

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

184

various ecosystems to self-regulate; limitation in the

socio-economic dimension, which is associated with

the demand (demand) for a clean environment, that is,

the limitation in meeting the needs of a psychological,

aesthetic recreational nature by various elements of

the natural environment; limited functions of

terrestrial ecological systems as the natural capital of

the planet.

All over the world, the ecological concept of the

development of the construction industry, called

"Green Building", is becoming more widespread.

Ecological construction is aimed at solving the issues

of the qualitative component of construction through

the use of environmental technologies in the

planning, design, construction, operation and disposal

of buildings. The use of such technologies allows

minimizing the harmful effects of the construction

industry on the environment and humans. Thanks to

the use of "green" technologies, the reduction of

atmospheric and water pollution, the conservation of

natural resources, and the improvement of comfort

and safety of indoor premises are achieved.

The tool for the examination of a construction project

for compliance with the presence of "green"

technologies in it, determining its level of quality, is

the Certification System for "green" buildings

(Sukhinina, 2013). “The idea of sustainable

development has evolved significantly from the

principle of “greening” the economy, that is, from the

relationship between man and nature, to the principle

of a stable economy without increasing the capacity

to use irreplaceable natural resources” (Shakhgiraev,

2019). The main problem at the microeconomic level,

where environmental and economic problems are

localized, is the need to make a difficult choice

between economically exalted and biosphere-

compatible technical progress. Not every new

production technology that is beneficial in terms of

labor and capital productivity is environmentally

sound. This means that the technology must be

assessed against an environmental standard, in terms

of emitted pollution and/or in terms of the use of

original natural resources. Thus, the choice that

enterprises make in connection with the greening of

new technologies and products will depend not only

on economic factors (economic calculation), but also

on mandatory legal regulation and environmental

expertise - especially in the case of productive

innovations - on knowledge and environmental

awareness of consumers and the economic benefits

they produce.

That is, the assessment of a new technology by a

business entity is to determine the balance between

choice and limitations. It is difficult to make a choice

in favor of a cost-effective technology that would

meet environmental standards and could be

implemented in a certain region, based on material,

technical and human resources, without a

qualitatively new methodology and tools for

environmental and economic analysis. Figure 1

shows the allocation of a biosphere-compatible

production technology, taking into account the

limitations of the environmental and economic

aspects of development.

Figure 1: The choice of innovative technology under

environmental and economic constraints.

The complexity of the choice is also

predetermined by the multi-vector nature of

environmental policy, that is, a kind of excess of goals

that, in conditions of limited financial, material and

labor resources, cannot be simultaneously

implemented. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate a

promising technology according to such a cumulative

indicator that takes into account environmental and

economic constraints, the financial possibilities of the

present and is capable of transformation over time in

accordance with changes in the legal and

technological environment. The sequence of selection

and evaluation of rational production technology is

shown in Figure 2.

The algorithm can be adapted to any industry with

the addition of specific blocks of restrictions and

variable blocks that characterize the features and

stages of the choice of technological solutions. The

base of environmental technologies for the

construction industry should be formed according to

the fundamental principle of world standards in the

field of waste management, namely, reducing the

amount of waste that is sent to the final disposal. To

do this, all technologies related specifically to

construction (design of buildings and structures,

production of building materials, semi-finished

products, structures and products) should be aimed at

Environmental

restrictions

Economic

restrictions

Design stage

Production analysis of

the project

Human resources

assessment

environmental

technology

Financial

opportunities

(investments);

Logistics;

Effective

economic

technologies.

environmental

standards;

Environmental

technologies;

Environmental

assessment.

Modern Trends in the Development of Environmentally-oriented Innovative Processes in Construction

185

applying a clear waste management hierarchy. The

priority is the principle of preventing the formation of

construction waste, minimizing (or no) recycling.

Despite the fact that the contribution of human

capital to the dynamics of economic indicators is

increasing every year, the growth in the use of

primary natural resources continues to grow. It should

be taken into account that the depletion of mineral

reserves and the degradation of the environment that

accompanies the extraction of raw materials reduces

public welfare, i.e. statistically, these processes

should reduce the rate of economic growth. This

circumstance makes us take a different look at the

recycling of materials, since the recycling of

resources can be considered as a new, largely hidden

source of economic growth without negative

consequences for the environment.

It is believed that recycling can significantly

reduce the use of natural resources. The launch in

2018 of the Circular Economy Initiative in Germany,

one of the pioneering activities in this area, included

discussions in the scientific community about the

potential of recycling for the country's economy, as

well as the development of a roadmap for political

action, as important tasks. Calculations showed that

recycling, service life extension and energy efficiency

will reduce the consumption of primary raw materials

by 68% by 2050. It is expected that the accelerated

development of the recycling market and green

technologies will make a significant contribution to

this process. The Circular Economy Roadmap for

Germany 2021 notes that only about 13% of the

resources consumed in the country are currently

derived

from recycled materials (taking into account

Figure 2: Algorithm for selecting and evaluating rational technology within the scope of environmental and economic

restrictions.

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

186

intermediate consumption, this figure increases to

18%) (Kadner, 2021), in general In the European

Union, 11.9% of the raw materials and materials used

in 2019 were obtained by recycling waste

(Sustainable…).

The process of reuse of waste for the same

purpose after their processing - recycling of building

materials and structures - is one of the areas of

greening building technologies. Today in our country

there is no single cost estimate for a project using

recycled construction waste, and the lack of a

regulatory framework does not contribute to the mass

dissemination of environmental solutions. It should

also be noted that the cost of processing secondary

raw materials is too high, primarily due to the lack of

proper initial sorting; secondly, there is no effective

system of control and punishment for non-

compliance with environmental standards; thirdly,

the collective socio-ecological consciousness of the

community, aimed at maintaining non-material

values, has not been formed. The way to overcome it

is the centralized introduction of a system of

mandatory processing of construction waste and its

recycling, the subordination of design technological

and economic solutions to environmental restrictions

and the principle of balanced nature management;

technological re-equipment of construction

production under environmental control by the state.

At the same time, IT technologies should be more

widely introduced into the process of the entire life

cycle of an object - from the stage of conceptual

development, design through the stages of

construction and operation to dismantling. This

makes it possible to implement many aspects of

environmental and economic development, namely:

timely assessment of the state of a construction object

in order to ensure a warranty and post-warranty

period of operation to extend the life cycle; designing

the timing and scope of modernization,

reconstruction, disposal of a construction site to

predict the production capacities of construction and

processing enterprises; introduction of new concepts

in the approach to the design of buildings and

structures that would take into account changes in the

functional feasibility of objects in the real estate

market - the concept of functional transformation.

3 CONCLUSIONS

Domestic legislation requires revision in order to

harmonize the conceptual apparatus, in particular, the

provision of definitions for the concepts of "separate

collection", "prevention of education", "reuse", "best

available technologies".

But for the effective implementation of world

standards, it is not enough just to harmonize the legal

aspects. For the construction industry, it would be

appropriate to stimulate processing production,

recycling, the introduction of new design concepts

aimed at increasing the life cycle of an object by

universalizing primary architectural and design

solutions based on the biosphere compatibility

paradigm. In this regard, it requires the development

and adjustment of building codes that would regulate

the boundaries of the use of construction scrap as a

structural material. This would lead to the expansion

of the use of recycling and products from secondary

raw materials without the introduction of fiscal

mechanisms for environmental audit. Technology is

a necessary factor for economic development and

growth. There is no doubt that new technologies

provide an advantage in economic development. But

in the context of environmental restrictions imposed

on economic growth, it would be wrong not to take

into account the social component of sustainable

development. Ecologization of the economy is

accompanied by a shift in the center of economic

analysis from costs and intermediate results to the

final results of economic activity and further to

predicted development trends in accordance with the

principles of social responsibility. Therefore, the

achievement of balanced socio-ecological and

economic solutions should be based on a change in

the ecological and economic orientation of the

structure of human needs and standards of well-being

in the direction of rejecting the dictates of supply and

artificially stimulating secondary needs.

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neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

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