Effective Communication in Assistance Recognizing Risk and

Accident Prevention for Elderly Family in Kabupaten Langkat,

Sumatera Utara

Dayana, and Emilia Ramadhani

Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No. 9, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Effective Communication, Elderly, Family

Abstract: The family as the main support system for the elderly has an important role in maintaining the safety of the

elderly. Communication between families and the elderly needs to use a special approach, so that

communication can run effectively. This study aims to find out how communication has been carried out by

families so far in maintaining the safety of the elderly and to find out what communication barriers are found

in caring for the elderly. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, using observations, questionnaires,

FGDs and in-depth interviews for data collection techniques. This research will be conducted on people in

Kabupaten Langkat Provinsi Sumatera Utara, precisely in Kecamatan Stabat, as the capital of Langkat. The

number of respondents in this study were 101 people and 27 families to participate in the FGD. While in-

depth interviews were conducted on 2 elderly people aged 80 years and over. The results of the study found

that most of the families who accompanied the elderly felt that the communication they had made so far in

maintaining the safety of the elderly was good enough. The level of knowledge and level of application is

quite balanced. Meanwhile, the acknowledgment from the elderly that they feel ignored, not understood and

no one understands that the elderly only needs friends to talk to makes them more excited to live when they

remember their youth. This need for speech even trumps other needs.

1 INTRODUCTION

The increasing elderly population is marked by an

increasing life expectancy. The increase in the

number of elderly people is starting to become a

major concern in the world and in Indonesia because

WHO notes that the higher the number of elderly

people, the more the number of elderly falls due to the

older a person is, the higher the risk of falling

(Radebough, Hale, M Rogers, N. Roger, 2013).

Like health, safety is an important part of the life

of the elderly. No one in the elderly wants to fall, it's

just that falls can happen anytime and anywhere, even

in places that are considered safe, such as in the

bathroom and in the bedroom.

The elderly can reduce the possibility of falling,

one of which is by knowing more about the dangers

that can cause harm, especially about falling. Elderly

knowledge about safety will create a safe

environment so that fall injuries can be avoided

earlier and longer and family support to ensure home

conditions are safe from the dangers of falling for the

elderly is highly expected. The safety of the elderly in

Indonesia is still not a special concern. Whereas

Safety and Health in the Elderly are two important

things that are interconnected. Healthy elderly if they

do not behave safely can fall. After falling, the elderly

will be increasingly afraid to move actively so that

their health will decrease (Charles, 2016).

The family as the main support system for the

elderly has an important role in maintaining the safety

of the elderly. Communication between families and

the elderly needs to use a special approach, so that

communication can run effectively. According to

BPS Langkat data in 2019, Stabat District is a sub-

district with a population aged 60 years and over as

many as 117,255 people. This means that with a high

level of public awareness in maintaining health, the

number of elderly people in the community will also

increase.

However, problems arise when it is known that

there is a lack of public knowledge about the special

treatment that must be carried out on the elderly.

Families who live with the elderly sometimes feel that

Dayana, . and Ramadhani, E.

Effective Communication in Assistance Recognizing Risk and Accident Prevention for Elderly Family in Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara.

DOI: 10.5220/0011565600003460

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2022) - Human Security and Agile Government, pages 263-270

ISBN: 978-989-758-618-7; ISSN: 2975-8300

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

263

the elderly who live with them are safe and

comfortable at home rather than in a nursing home.

But the families forget that what they have been doing

so far is actually making the elderly feel depressed

and bored because they are only considered as

housekeepers, while other family members are busy

working.

This causes the elderly to feel neglected at home

and not infrequently there are cases of accidents in the

elderly such as falling, be it in the bedroom, in the

bathroom or while playing with their grandchildren

because of the absence of supervision, even worse,

there are elderly who dare to travel alone because

boredom that is always faced every day at home. This

of course will confuse family members because they

don't know where to find their parents and these

parents also don't know how to go home. This kind of

noise, of course, requires the right method of

communication. The way to communicate with the

elderly is certainly different from other family

members. They are much more sensitive, more

willing to be heard and need high moral support from

all family members. All of this, of course, is not

realized by family members who have the elderly at

home because of the lack of knowledge and skills of

family members in caring for the elderly at home.

1.1 Focus of the Problem

Based on the background that has been described

previously, the problems in this study are:

a. How family communication has been carried

out so far in assisting to recognize the risk and

prevention of accidents in elderly families in

Desa Karang Rejo, Kecamatan Stabat,

Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara

b. What communication barriers were found in

the process of delivering information to the

elderly in Desa Karang Rejo, Kecamatan

Stabat, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara

1.2 Research Purposes

The aims of this research are as follows:

a. To find out how the communication carried out

by the family so far in assisting the elderly in

the community of Desa Karang Rejo,

Kecamatan Stabat, Kabupaten Langkat,

Sumatera Utara

b. To find out what communication barriers were

found in the process of delivering information

to the elderly in Desa Karang Rejo, Kecamatan

Stabat, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Research on the Elderly has been widely carried out,

especially in the fields of medicine, nursing, public

health and psychology. This is in line with the needs

of the elderly who are starting to experience a decline

in physical and mental terms as well as high levels of

anxiety due to the experience of losing their parents,

husband or wife and children, making the elderly

vulnerable to both physical and psychological

diseases.

Research conducted by Budiono and Rivai (2021)

on factors that affect the quality of life of the elderly,

which emphasizes the health of the elderly which

decreases with age and will affect the quality of life

of the elderly. Increasing age will be accompanied by

a decrease in body function, the emergence of various

diseases, body balance and the risk of falling. The

study was conducted by applying the HRQoL

questionnaire. The results showed that the need

factor, namely health status, most significantly

affected the quality of life of the elderly.

Research on the elderly who live with their

families was also conducted by Ezalina et al., (2020)

with the title Analysis of the Forms of Abandonment

Experienced by Elderly Living with Family. Study.

This study aims to explore the form of neglect

experienced by the elderly based on the fulfillment of

physical, psychological, and financial needs. The

results showed that from interviews with the elderly,

it was found that meeting the physical needs of the

elderly was not the child's obligation, given by the

child if the child agreed, the assistance provided by

the elderly was paid for free. Based on the fulfillment

of psychological needs, the elderly are found only as

objects, the family is less sensitive to what the elderly

want and in fulfilling financial needs, it is found that

the elderly's financial fulfillment is not routinely

given, the elderly need money to handle.

Another study was also conducted by Kiik et al.,

2018 on the importance of balance exercises on the

quality of life of the elderly in Depok City. This quasi

experiment was conducted on two groups; 30 elderly

as a control group and 30 elderly as a treatment group.

The sampling technique used is multistage random

sampling. The results showed that balance exercises

had a significant effect, improving the quality of life

of the elderly.

In addition to some of the above research on the

study of the elderly is also carried out in the form of

community service conducted by Nikmah and

Khomsatun, (2020) with the title Training of Elderly

Cadres in An Effort to Improve Elderly Health

Services in Families. The purpose of this community

ICOSOP 2022 - International Conference on Social and Political Development 4

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service is to increase the family's knowledge and

understanding of elderly health services. Training

methods are provided through lectures and Q&A,

discussions, and demonstrations of physical skills

tests on how to care for the elderly at home. Tools

used modules, LCD projectors, and notebooks. The

results of the training were obtained enthusiastically

and the skills of cadres and families about elderly

health services. The skills obtained are fever care

skills in the elderly, measurement of elderly physical

activity, measurement of elderly social activity, and

measurement of elderly body balance.

From some of the previous studies above, it can

be seen that the involvement of the field of

communication science in the elderly empowerment

program does not yet exist. The main problem with

the elderly is that they want to be heard. Most families

only meet all the needs of the elderly at home

including paying attention to their health, but forget

to invite him to talk. This will certainly make his

memory weaker. Feeling lonely and helpless so many

elderly people secretly go out of the house just to find

entertainment on him. But the risk of getting lost,

falling and accidents becomes something that is

vulnerable for the elderly. This is where the

importance of family communication is taught so as

to raise the awareness of family members about the

importance of communicating or talking to the

elderly.

Family communication can be interpreted as

communication/interaction that occurs between

parents and children in order to give impressions,

desires, attitudes, opinions, and understandings,

which are based on affection, cooperation,

appreciation, honesty, trust and openness between

them.

Ascan and Mery Anne (2002) expressed an

opinion about family communication contained in the

journal "Communication Theory", stating that family

communication is communication that involves

people in the family and symbols to be understood by

many people and can understand each other. others

where there is a sense of home and identity, as well

as past and future experiences.

According to Damaiyanti (2010), communication

techniques in the elderly can be done by:

1. Assertive Technique

Assertiveness is an attitude that can accept,

understand the partner talking by showing a

caring attitude, patient to listen and pay

attention when the partner speaks so that the

purpose of the communication or conversation

can be understood.

2. Responsive

Responding means being active, not waiting for

requests for help from the elderly. The active

attitude of this family will create a feeling of

calm for the elderly.

3. Focus

This attitude is a family effort to remain

consistent with the desired communication

material.

4. Supportive

This attitude can foster the confidence of the

elderly so that the elderly do not feel a burden

to their families, thus it is hoped that the elderly

will be motivated to be independent and be able

to work according to their abilities. Support is

given both materially and morally.

5. Clarification

Clarification can be done by asking repeated

questions and giving explanations more than

once so that our conversations can be accepted

and perceived the same as the elderly.

6. Patience and Sincerity

Sometimes the elderly experience changes that

are troublesome and childish. This change

needs to be addressed with patience and

sincerity so that the family does not become

irritated and still creates therapeutic

communication and also does not cause

damage to the relationship between the elderly

and their family.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

The method in this study is a qualitative method

(qualitative research). Qualitative research methods

as expressed by Bogdan and Taylor (Moleong, 2011)

are research procedures that produce descriptive data

in the form of written or spoken words from people

and observable behavior. In addition, the qualitative

research method according to Sukmadinata (2013) is

a way to describe and analyze phenomena, events,

social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions,

thoughts of people individually and in groups.

This study was conducted to analyze and reveal

the phenomenon of family care for the safety of the

elderly. In collecting, revealing various problems and

objectives to be achieved, this research was carried

out with a descriptive analytical study approach.

According to Sugiyono (2008) that descriptive

qualitative research is a research method based on the

philosophy of postpositivism which is usually used to

examine natural objective conditions where the

researcher acts as a key informant. In addition, a

descriptive analysis study according to Surakhmad

Effective Communication in Assistance Recognizing Risk and Accident Prevention for Elderly Family in Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera

Utara

265

(2000) is a research that focuses on examining the

problems that exist in the present.

This research will be carried out from June 2021

to November 2021, taking the research location in

Stabat District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra.

The research subjects in this study were members of

the community in Langkat District, amounting to

between 100-200 families represented by Mrs.

However, because the situation is still in the PPKM

condition, the questionnaire can only be distributed to

101 respondents and the FGD may only involve as

many as 27 participants, consisting of Al Hidayah

recitation women, Stabat District from various

neighborhoods and villages. Mother is considered the

most influential person in the family and has the most

time to take care of her family. It is hoped that the

increased knowledge and care of mothers in assisting

the elderly at home can improve the quality of healthy

life of the elderly.

The data collection technique was carried out by

observation and dissemination of questionnaires in

101 respondents to get preliminary data on public

knowledge about the risk and prevention of accidents

in the elderly, and continued with focus group

discussion (FGD) on 27 family members who were

considered to have an important role in maintaining

the safety of the elderly at home. And followed by an

in-depth interview on 2 elderly people who are sudeh

aged 80 years. All data that has been collected will be

analyzed descriptively using a single table analysis in

the form of frequency tables equipped with a

description of data analysis and qualitative data

analysis in the form of drawing conclusions from the

interview results.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data collection method is carried out using

questionnaires and FGD to dig deeper into the data

and conduct in-depth interviews with 2 informants.

The following will be presented the results of the data

collection that has been done.

4.1 Single Table Analysis of

Questionnaire Data

This single table analysis wants to know how the level

of knowledge is accompanied by actions when

communicating with the elderly.

Table 1: Family Knowledge Level in Communicating.

No Statement SA A DA SD

1. When communicating

with the elderly,

special appreciation

and attention is neede

59 42 0 0

2. I know that the elderly

demand different

communication

patterns as a result of

physical,

psychological,

emotional and social

chan

es in the

50 51 0 0

3. I know that the family

as the closest people to

the elderly must really

understand the things

that need to be

considered when

communicating with

the

57 44 0 0

4. I know that the process

of delivering messages

to the elderly must be

short, clear, complete,

simple and easy to

understan

54 47 0 0

5. I know that when

communicating with

the elderly, one must

be at close range, the

voice is clear, not too

fast, using short

sentences, the face is

beaming while looking

at the elderly, patient,

painstaking and not in a

hurry, the chest is

slightly bent and the

thumbs are welcomin

59 38 4

6. I know that it is

necessary to master the

material or message

that will be conveyed

to the elderl

58 53 0 0

7. When communicating

with the elderly, we

must use language that

is often used by the

elderl

50 51 0 0

8. When communicating

with the elderly we

must have confidence

and have a soft voice

51 50 0 0

ICOSOP 2022 - International Conference on Social and Political Development 4

266

9. When communicating

with the elderly we

must be confident

51 50 0 0

10. When communicating

with the elderly we

must be friendly and

olite

54 47 0 0

Table 2: Application of Family Communication in the

Elderly.

No Statement SA A DA SD

1. I always

appreciate and

also give special

attention to the

elderl

53 48 0 0

2. I often do different

communication

patterns with the

elderly as a result

of physical,

psychological,

emotional and

social changes in

them

47 52 1 0

3. I as a family really

understand the

things that need to

be considered

when

communicating

with him

53 46 1 0

4. When

communicating

with the elderly,

the process of

delivering

messages to the

elderly must be

short, clear,

complete, simple

and easy to

understan

54 47 0 0

5. When

communicating

with the elderly,

you must be at

close range, the

voice is clear, not

too fast, using

short sentences,

the face is

beaming while

looking at the

elderly, patient,

painstaking and

not in a hurry, the

chest is slightly

54 46 1 0

bent and the

thumbs are

welcome.

6. I master the

material or

message that will

be conveyed to the

elderl

54 52 0 0

7. I use the language

that the elderly

often use

51 50 0 0

8. When

communicating

with the elderly

we must have

confidence and

have a soft voice

55 46 0 0

9. When

communicating

with the elderly I

am always

confident

49 52 0 0

10 I am always

friendly and polite

when

communicating

with the elderl

57 44 0 0

From the analysis of the single table above, it can

be seen that the level of understanding and

application of family communication is currently

very good. Although there are 1-3 people who have

not done according to the knowledge they have.

Overall understanding and application of family

communication can be said to be good.

However, it is necessary to dig deeper into what

complaints they face when communicating with the

elderly and what solutions they provide to solve these

problems.

4.2 FGD Result

The following are the results of the FGDs that have

been conducted, which involved 27 household heads.

Effective Communication in Assistance Recognizing Risk and Accident Prevention for Elderly Family in Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera

Utara

267

In conducting the FGD the participants were

divided into five (5) groups so that they could

exchange ideas about what problems they faced when

serving the elderly and what efforts were being made

to solve all the problems of the elderly.

Problems Faced with the Elderly: Irritable, Easy

sulk, Easily angry, Like a child, His words must be

followed, Selfish, Sensitive, likes to talk weird, when

his speak you have to listen, Easy to fall, Likes to ask

for help, ask for more attention, Want to be

understood, Forgetfulness, Wants to be taken for a

walk, The food must be soggy, His needs must be

considered, Always ask for religious guidance, Must

Always want to be with family, Clothes must always

be clean, Always want to be prioritized,and His

health is easy to decline.

The solution provided: Be patient, Respect,

Empathy, Understand, Frequent visits/family

gathering, Paying attention to his health, Prioritizing

their needs, Be gentle, Leading to better, Often gather

at majlis taklim, Taking her for a walk/entertaining

her, Listening to his complaints, Not denying the talk,

Paying attention to meal times, Paying attention to his

break time, Must bask in the sun, Encourage light

exercise, Deliver messages that are easy to

understand, and Routine Health Control.

4.3 Interview Results

The interview was conducted on 87-year-old Mery's

mother. Mery's mother was very happy to be spoken

to. His speaking ability is very smooth, but the decline

in memory makes his memory ability in long-term

memory.Where he is only able to remember past

events that impressed him throughout his life and

forget about newly given information such as the

name of the researcher, the purpose of the researcher

came and other things that at the beginning of the

meeting have been conveyed but will be asked

repeatedly. Mrs. Mery is very proud to tell me that

she used to fight with her parents, crossing the border

that was heavily guarded by the Dutch army. Walked

for miles to avoid the Dutch army. He was very

enthusiastic about telling it and even repeated it many

times. It can be for hours he tells stories without

fatigue and looks very excited and happy

accompanied by telling stories with researchers. As if

he forgot the time, forgot to eat and drink even though

it had been offered by researchers.

Likewise with the next informant Mrs. Nani, age

80 years. He used to be a lecturer. Mrs. Nani is also

very enthusiastic about telling how she never aspired

to be a lecturer because she was originally a teacher.

The teacher who his students said was cruel. But fate

ushered in becoming a lecturer even to get the title of

exemplary lecturer. He was very proud of it because

he himself realized that he was not a good lecturer.

Even the campus once sent him abroad to attend

education there. Mrs. Nani also repeated this story

many times and seemed enthusiastic about telling it.

Every now and then he laughs proudly at the

achievements he has achieved. Because from the

morning Mrs. Nani had not eaten so the researcher

tried to offer her a meal, but she refused. The reason

if you eat can be at any time but the opportunity to

chat like this is not necessarily he gets again.

Researchers were very touched to hear mrs. Nani's

reason because she was so lonely that she didn't want

to miss her time when someone would listen to her

tell a story.

From these two informants, it can be known that

the basic needs of these elderly people are friends to

tell stories. A friend who would accompany him as he

reminisced about his past because that was all he

remembered. But it takes a lot of time to be able to

accompany this elderly, while each family member

also has their own busyness and sometimes also bored

if you continue to hear the story that's all.

But that is the reality that must be faced when we

have the elderly at home. It takes awareness and

patience because the needs of the elderly are different

from others. Their need to speak and be listened to is

becoming dominant today. This makes the elderly

feel more comfortable, and happy because the family

is there for him. A simple but difficult wish for family

members to fulfill. This is also what makes the elderly

feel ignored so that they are often depressed, easily

sick and not excited.

From the results of research that has been carried

out, many new things have been found, such as the

problems of the elderly that have not been thought of

until now, appear as a form of building awareness for

elderly companions. In addition, each participant can

measure his ability so far in serving the elderly.

Knowledge and skills also increase due to exchanging

experiences during FGDs.

The high level of knowledge does not guarantee

the welfare of the elderly at home. The limited time

that family members have because of their respective

occupations makes them forget that there are workers

who care about them, namely the elderly, whether it's

their parents, grandparents or uncles who live in the

same house.

For this reason, one of the family members who

acts as a caregiver is needed, namely the person who

accompanies and cares for the elderly at home.

Usually in a family there is one person who cares the

most about the condition of the family and this person

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will be the caregiver to help families who are

experiencing problems, including the elderly.

The essence of the problem with the elderly is that

there are still many family members who do not

realize that the elderly do not want to be considered

children but on the other hand they want to be

accompanied to share stories about their past where

they were once victorious. The level of patience and

sincerity needs to be sharpened here. to assist the

elderly.

5 CONCLUSION

The conclusion of this research are as follows:

1. The communication carried out by the family

so far in maintaining the safety of the elderly is

quite good. The level of knowledge and level

of application is quite balanced. Through

FGDs, it can be seen that participants are

starting to realize that there are many things

they have neglected at home when they are

dealing with the elderly. The stages of

development until reaching the elderly of

course bring different characters from other

stages of development. The pattern of

communication also changes so that family

members must be aware that there are family

members who must be treated specifically even

though the elderly themselves do not want

special treatment. For that we need a special

skill in dealing with the elderly, namely

speaking from the heart, laughing together

more and often doing activities together with

them, even in simple things. Special treatment

does not mean that everything is available for

him, it is like dealing with a small child, this is

actually rejected by the elderly because they

will increasingly feel that they are no longer

useful and only become a burden in the family.

This means that special treatment here is that

family members are able to give more attention

than usual to the elderly. The older you get, the

more sensitive your feelings are. Treat the

elderly like other family members but there is

still awareness that the elderly are weak both

physically and mentally. There is no need to

overdo it so that the elderly feel they are treated

like children. Just fulfill his needs and give him

enough time to be with him. Family members

can take turns to accompany the elderly to chat

or or do other light activities according to their

hobbies or wishes. The participants realized

that they already had all the skills or skills

needed for the elderly. They just need to apply

it to the right circumstances. The support of all

family members is needed to continue to

motivate the elderly to feel meaningful for

other family members.

2. Communication barriers found in the process

of conveying information to the elderly are

quite a lot, especially the availability of time

and patience from family members for the

elderly. The key lies in the awareness of family

members that there are elderly people at home

who must be accompanied by storytelling.

Each family member can take turns to

accompany the elderly to tell stories, so that the

elderly feel not alone at home even though

family members are quite crowded with him.

The fulfillment of the needs of the elderly in

telling stories and being listened to gives a new

spirit in his life. Happy elderly will make the

elderly become healthier, reduce the risk of

falling and will certainly bring happiness to all

family members.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank the Research Institution (LPM)

Universitas Sumatera Utara for funding this activity

to completion and also to partners, all Karang Rejo

Village officials, Stabat who have facilitated this

activity a lot.

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