Features of the Development of Industry 4.0 in the Agro-industrial

Complex

J. V. Idrisova

, E. R. Guzueva

and R. I. Akhyadov

Kadyrov Chechen State University, 32 Sheripova Street, Grozny, Russia

Grozny State Oil Technical University named after M.D. Millionshchikov, Grozny, Russia

Keywords: Agriculture, industry 4.0, agriculture, digitalization.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of industry 4.0 in the agro-industrial complex,

analyzes current trends and prospects for the development of the application of industry 4.0 in the agro-

industrial complex. Currently, environmental conditions are changing at a high speed and, as a result, an

important factor in increasing competitiveness is the optimization of business processes. This issue can be

solved with the help of digitalization of agricultural production.

1 INTRODUCTION

Few companies in this industry are willing to invest

in the digitalization of agriculture. There are a number

of reasons for this fact: enterprises are not ready to

take risks by introducing innovative products in

production, fearing that the installed product,

equipment, software will not pay off. A large number

of solutions cost a fortune, and in addition to

purchase, installation, there can be expensive

maintenance.

A significant factor that hinders the development

of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex is that

the product developed by the company is not finalized

on the spot individually for the enterprise. Each

manufacturing enterprise has its own differences, the

same product will not be a "panacea" for all

companies, it needs to be improved.

The five main issues that will affect global

agriculture and the food chain in the future will be:

demographics, limited resources, climate change,

food waste, government policies (Bondar, 2018).

With population growth, fertile farmland is

expected to decline.

According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture

Organization), soil quality is deteriorating

everywhere due to excessive use of fertilizers,

deforestation and climate change due to global

warming (Tuskov, 2018). By 2050, the amount of

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9593

arable land per person is projected to be a quarter of

the total available in 1960.

By 2050, 2.4 billion people will be added to urban

areas, and this will help develop city farming, the

refrigeration market and cold store chains, as well as

lead to an increase in demand for processed food and

protein products.

Already today, farmers face the problem of

urbanization. And that raises an important question:

who is going to farm in the future, when climate

change may make it even more difficult to grow rich

crops on depleted soils?

In addition to urbanization, another major

challenge facing society is an unbalanced food value

chain. Food waste is what leads to imbalances in the

food value chain in agribusiness that is virtually non-

existent in other industries. Over 30% of food is

wasted every year, and 800 million people go to bed

hungry every night.

Therefore, the main goals of agriculture 4.0

include balancing between food production and

consumption. Agriculture 4.0 will need to take into

account both the demand side and the supply side of

the value chain in the food scarcity equation.

In general, agriculture 4.0, the coming agricultural

revolution, must be sustainable, based on the

achievements of science and technology, use

sophisticated technologies such as robots,

temperature and humidity sensors, aerial

Idrisova, J., Guzueva, E. and Akhyadov, R.

Features of the Development of Industry 4.0 in the Agro-industrial Complex.

DOI: 10.5220/0011555100003524

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Methods, Models, Technologies for Sustainable Development (MMTGE 2022) - Agroclimatic Projects and Carbon Neutrality, pages

84-87

ISBN: 978-989-758-608-8

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

photographs, GPS technology, and so on

(Shestakova, 2019).

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Business owners largely refuse to introduce

innovative solutions for agro-industrial production

because when installing new digital equipment, it

may be necessary to train employees to work on a

particular equipment or program; hiring additional

employees. New hardware or software may not

"match" existing hardware.

However, in Russia there are solutions for

digitalization in the field of agro-industrial complex,

which help to increase production efficiency and

guarantee payback (Shestakova, 2019).

The Russian company Matler has developed an

innovative solution based on computer vision and

neural networks, which makes it possible to increase

the efficiency of manual labor in conveyor

production. Morigan.Lean - allows you to keep an

online record of the actual output of an employee to

motivate employees for results.

The system provides online control of

intermediate and final results of order fulfillment: if

an employee of the conveyor fails to comply with

production standards, the production director receives

information about deviations (sms, email). The

system allows you to increase labor motivation, since

payroll depends on actual output. The development

allows you to increase the efficiency of the agro-

industrial complex with existing resources.

The software has an intuitive interface that allows

you to quickly learn how to use the system. The

system allows the shift foreman to automatically

generate a report for each employee.

The system has already been implemented at

several poultry farms. During the use of the solution,

the productivity of employees increased by 50% in

conveyor production; the speed of the conveyor has

been increased to the maximum with a simultaneous

reduction in the number of employees involved. The

released people were moved to other areas.

Today, the optimization of business processes

with the help of digital technologies is the basis of a

competitive advantage for agro-industrial enterprises.

The development of agriculture will largely

depend on the development of geographic

information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and

global positioning systems (GPS).

Combined with indicators such as yield, quality

and disease prevalence, they can indicate the most

appropriate intervention in a given area. In addition to

assisting in farm management, they can be used by

consumers to determine the origin of products

(Minchichova, 2020).

This is the real starting point for agriculture 4.0.

Modern agriculture works by using data from various

sensor technologies to improve the accuracy and

efficiency of farming.

Depending on the nature of the task, human

intervention may no longer be required. Sensors can

range from imaging technologies to GIS and

equipment sensors. Others, such as smart crop

sensors, can analyze variables such as water, soil

electrical conductivity, altitude, organic matter

content, soil nitrogen, and pH.

Potential applications are numerous, such as

warning producers of unexpected frosts. Asparagus

farmers in California are using smart sensors to

double their yields while reducing water use by 6%.

On-farm data can be used to plan the movement of

agricultural goods to reduce soil compaction.

Harvesting can be improved by synchronizing the

movement of vehicles. At the field level,

environmental data can be used to ensure proper

fertilizer levels, cost savings and pollution reduction.

Combined with developments in automation, this

information revolution could very well lead to

minimal human intervention. Implementation of

precision farming requires new hardware and

software, including robots.

They range from systems with limited mobility

such as robotic parlors to AgBots that perform field

tasks such as seeding, weeding or spraying. Some, of

course, are already on the market. Smartphone

controlled manure robots have been used for several

years at Coleg Llysfasi, Ruthin. There are also

automated pasture grazing systems.

They use solar-powered bot pairs to move lines of

electrical fence equipment, communicating with each

other via Bluetooth to maximize pasture use. Feeders

can be programmed to deliver different feed mixes to

livestock at a given time, and AgBots weeders can

automate tedious tasks like harrowing. This type of

artificial intelligence (AI) will lead to even greater

efficiency and could lead to new farming practices

based solely on data.

The ability of devices to work in automatic mode

will be determined by their ability to interact both

with each other and with data centers. As controllers

of these devices, future farmers will need systems that

allow them to collect and analyze data and initiate

tasks. Such IoT-enabled control systems are already

under development, such as Agrivi or BovControl.

They also exist for collaborative supply chains

such as Farmers Web. These systems interact with

Features of the Development of Industry 4.0 in the Agro-industrial Complex

cloud data stores to archive, retrieve and compare

data. In the future, this data will be integrated with

inventory, financial and business planning data to

give farmers an overall view of their business.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Regardless of the presence of robots and artificial

intelligence, agricultural machinery will continue to

improve. Modern tractors are already equipped with

modern on-board computers for processing GPS, GIS

and remote sensing data. The next step is fully

autonomous or controlled driverless tractors

equipped with sensors and cameras to monitor the

condition and health of plants. As agricultural

equipment is likely to be equipped with a wider range

of accessories in the future, making it larger and

heavier, new components are being developed, such

as highly flexible tires and more efficient engines.

These advances will enable businesses to improve

profitability without compromising the environment.

Agriculture 4.0 must strive to become

independent of vast amounts of fresh water, synthetic

fertilizers and pesticides. Thanks to science, farmers

will be able to grow crops in drylands and tap into a

range of undervalued resources, such as seawater for

crops[3,4].

Finally, city farming will increase its presence in

the agro-industrial complex with new farming

methods (vertical farming, hydroponics, aquaponics,

insect farming, algae farming, cultivated meat, etc.).

The good news is that digital and technological

advances are making urban farming more affordable.

Every year, new agricultural technology startups

enter the market. Business leaders Bill Gates, Richard

Branson, Jack and Susie Welch, along with venture

capital firm DFJ (known for its investments in Tesla

and Twitter) and food conglomerate Cargill, have

invested in Memphis Meats, a pioneering lab-grown

cultured meat company. And the SoftBank Vision

Fund, led by Japanese billionaire Masayoshi Son, has

invested millions of dollars in vertical farming

startups.

Technology giants such as CNH, John Deer,

AGCO, Mahindra, Bosch, Mahindra, Kubota,

Trimble, Topcon, etc. have invested millions of

dollars in precision farming technology, automation

and data analytics.

Agricultural machinery manufacturer CNH

recently added precision technology to its portfolio in

response to growing demand for precision farming.

The technology enables real-time soil monitoring,

weather monitoring, data collection for sustainable

weed control solutions, and helps the farmer make

important decisions (Ivonin, V. M., 2009).

Artificial intelligence has various applications in

agriculture, ranging from computerized water

systems and driverless (autonomous) tractors /

combines to a farm planner: fertilizer and plant

protection stock management, agronomic research,

equipment optimization, financial accounting - all in

one place!

If we go back and look at the history of the

development of agriculture, we will see that the main

driving factor in agribusiness, as elsewhere, is

profitability. Digitalization and robotization meet this

requirement.

Using a simple tablet, you can manage the entire

farm: control the operation of tractors, inspect cows

in a remote pasture by sending an agricultural drone

there, program irrigation, and perform field mapping

for optimized localized fertilization (Polyakova,

2011).

Smart farming is a way to increase productivity

and protect the environment, which is so often said.

Here is a recent example. In 2019, New Holland

(part of CNH) introduced the world's first mass-

produced T6 methane tractor at AGRITECHNICA

2019 and won the 2020 Green Tractor of the Year

award.

4 CONCLUSIONS

It is worth noting that national governments must

understand the importance of the new agricultural

revolution and structure state support measures in

such a way as to benefit every level of farmers.

It doesn't matter the type of farm, whether it's row

crop farmers in the US or Brazil, mid-sized European

grain farmers, or small farmers in developing

countries like India or Mexico.

For example, agriculture 4.0 in Asia or Africa will

not soon become a reality without a special plan and

government support, since most peasant farms are far

from even 100% mechanization and are now at the

level of agriculture 0.

Governments, and especially those in developing

countries, could revitalize the agricultural industry by

helping farmers innovate and achieve self-sustaining

production. In the modern world, it is not the import

of food products that is appropriate, but the import of

innovations and technologies.

“Digitalization can increase yields by 10-30%,

reduce costs by 5-15%, and these are quite

conservative estimates. Without taking into account

the depreciation of the purchased equipment,

MMTGE 2022 - I International Conference "Methods, models, technologies for sustainable development: agroclimatic projects and carbon

neutrality", Kadyrov Chechen State University Chechen Republic, Grozny, st. Sher

profitability can be increased by two or three times,”

Maxim Nikitochkin calculates. Despite the inevitable

increase in manufacturers' expenses for technical re-

equipment, the costs will be recouped in a short time.

“In developed countries, the use of such

technologies makes it possible to save 5–10% on

costs and increase yields by more than 10%,” Anton

Vinogradov gives a close assessment. “Given the

current stage of technological development of

domestic crop production, the expected effect from

the introduction of such solutions in Russia is

significantly higher,” the expert believes.

Already at the initial stage, many enterprises can

save 25% due to relatively simple techniques that are

not even directly related to business digitalization.

These are the optimization and standardization of

business processes, training and development of

personnel, the introduction of a lean manufacturing

system, effective models for managing purchases and

stocks, and optimizing logistics routes (Porfiriev, B.,

2010).

This also includes measures to monitor

equipment, reduce its downtime and fuel costs.

The transformation of the industry will take time:

small enterprises operating in the old fashioned way

are still relatively competitive, including due to cheap

labor. In addition, it is necessary to ensure an

acceptable level of Internet penetration in Russian

villages, as required by the integration of the agro-

industrial complex into Industry 4.0.

The degree of development of industrialization

and the widespread introduction of new technologies

unquestioningly lead to the transition of the world

into a new digital era. This period is characterized by

the rapid development of high technologies,

penetrating into all spheres of our lives. The

widespread use of cloud technologies, the Internet of

Things (IoT), virtual and augmented reality, 3D

printing, the development of quantum technologies,

robotics and other technologies as a result has become

the driving force behind the Fourth Industrial

Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0.

The conducted study allows us to conclude that

the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex will

entail the release of better products. In addition,

"Industry 4.0" will lead to the creation of more

flexible systems, the participants of which will

exchange information via the Internet, which in turn

will significantly increase labor efficiency and reduce

costs in production processes.

Digitalization is an absolutely logical process that

takes place in all areas of the economy: in marketing,

retail, and service (

Nikoláeva, L. B., 2018). Modern

information systems and neural networks will be able

to analyze more factors and significantly increase the

efficiency of any business process. Of course, this

also applies to agriculture.

Any agricultural producer in a competitive market

faces two main tasks: to minimize the cost of

production and increase the net income received,

while maintaining product quality at a consistently

high level. To solve them, at all stages the production

process must be fully manageable and transparent.

For example, you need to clearly, step by step track

the value chain for each unit of production. To do this,

a single information space is being created at an

agricultural enterprise, where high-tech equipment,

analytical and management IT systems exchange data

non-stop.

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Features of the Development of Industry 4.0 in the Agro-industrial Complex