The Role of Information Technologies in the Digital Economy of the

Republic of Tajikistan

Sofiya Temurbekova and Aydarsho Sulaimonov

Tajik State Financial and Economic University, st. Nakhimova, 64/14, Dushanbe, 734067, Republic of Tajikistan

Keywords: Information Technology, E-Commerce, Telecommunications, Digital Economy, Computerization, Computer

Networks.

Abstract: Industrial enterprises are forced to enter the digital economy and compete in the global market, as well as the

diversity of products and services, which is characterized by a short production period. The article analyses

the role of information technology in the development of the country's digital economy, the existing

opportunities and computerization of the economy, the speed of the Internet, the use of infrastructure facilities

in the development of the economy. The main purpose of the article is to present the importance of information

technology in the digital economy of the Republic of Tajikistan, the trends and opportunities for

computerization, which are technologies in business, quick and easy access for consumers to domestic and

global markets, information about goods and services. The article analyses the role of information technology

in the development of the country's digital economy, the existing opportunities and computerization of the

economy, the speed of the Internet, the use of infrastructure facilities in the development of the economy. The

main purpose of the article is to present the importance of information technology in the digital economy of

the Republic of Tajikistan, the trends in computerization and the opportunities that technologies open up in

business.

1 INTRODUCTION

The digital economy is a new concept in the economy

that creates conditions for the transformation of e-

commerce and new digital entrepreneurship. It is well

known that the 21st century is the century of

information and communication technologies, and all

the activities of society are moving to automated and

online management. Along with the advanced

countries, which in 2020 will be at the highest level

of use and management of information technologies,

the Republic of Tajikistan is at the middle level of

use. However, for the transition to a digital economy,

the results of advanced countries and the introduction

of information and communication technologies in

the economy will be studied. One of the key

components of the economy is entrepreneurship and

the transition to a digital economy, which will provide

significant opportunities for small and medium-sized

businesses, but there is no guarantee that all e-

commerce entrepreneurs will necessarily achieve

significant results. The penetration of the digital

economy into the country's economy opens up access

to constant and global competition.

The best way is security and the prevention of

possible errors in this area, and the relationship

between business risks and opportunities offered by

information technology (Berisha-Namani, 2004).

Some sources believe that the first digital companies

were SABER, an American airline ticketing system

in 1960, Ceefax launched in the UK in 1974, and

Amazon.com, launched in 1995 by Jeff Bezos and

Alibaba. 1999 Jack Ma and PayPal.com cjkb in 2006.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, Alif Capital, established

on April 29, 2014, is a digital company.

Initially, data from digital companies was

provided to customers through computer networks

and directories and received applications. From an

economic point of view, customers save time, and in

economic terms, saving time is one of the most

important factors for progress. Like other activities of

enterprises, the supply of goods and products, and the

increase in the number of buyers, will be better and

more widely organized.

The introduction of information and

communication technologies (ICT) into the economy

280

Temurbekova, S. and Sulaimonov, A.

The Role of Information Technologies in the Digital Economy of the Republic of Tajikistan.

DOI: 10.5220/0011353700003350

In Proceedings of the 5th International Scientiﬁc Congress Society of Ambient Intelligence (ISC SAI 2022) - Sustainable Development and Global Climate Change, pages 280-290

ISBN: 978-989-758-600-2

has created new opportunities for development and

expansion of activities, such as the introduction of

innovations in trade, the introduction of a single trade,

awareness of global trade and the implementation of

their participation in trade and company activities. In

addition, it provides access to the network

infrastructure for economic activity, the ability to

close the existing gap, bring entrepreneurs and clients

to the global market, training programs to promote the

economy, and receive information about the economy

remotely.

Also, the entry of ICT into the state economy will

stimulate manufacturing enterprises and introduce

them into the business process, as they can create

special business websites for the enterprise. Sites post

photos and videos of their activities in order to attract

domestic and foreign buyers and entrepreneurs of the

country to sell their products. The development of

ICT in the activities of industrial enterprises and

commercial markets will provide other approaches,

such as ensuring the quality of a clean environment

and their income, trade competition. In this regard, in

recent years, companies around the world have been

improving their business and introducing new

business models. Commercial marketplaces that do

not meet customer needs or are not available if

selected, customers may connect and use other e-

commerce marketplaces. Although the use of e-

commerce or international trading markets in the

Republic of Tajikistan is not very popular among

merchants and entrepreneurs, in the past two years,

entrepreneurs have opened their store pages on social

networks and are doing their business better. Citizens,

on the other hand, learn about their activities and

products through social networks and participate in

the purchase of goods and products. The development

of Internet technologies and their use in the economy

is rapidly increasing competition, introducing

customers to new markets in the modern world,

expanding the free trade of enterprises and connecting

them to the world market.

The purpose of the article is to present the trends

in the development of the digital economy, e-

commerce, computerization, which have maximally

changed the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The main goal of modern enterprises is healthy

competition in the e-commerce markets and filling

customers, thereby gaining access to the digital

economy. In addition, the purpose of the image is the

digital economy, the ability to use the Internet for e-

commerce, the implementation of the digital

economy strategy, and the simplification of goods

and services for buyers.

2 DEFINITION OF THE DIGITAL

ECONOMY AND

COMPUTERIZATION

A digital economy based on digital technologies,

where we are more familiar with the meaning of

trading in online markets and the world wide web

(Beqiri, 2013).

If we look at this definition, then the digital

economy is impossible without the development of

technology, and there is a need to increase knowledge

about the use of information technologies in the

economy and their inclusion in business activities. If

you look at the UN analysis on telecommunications

companies, the progress of information technology in

the country does not seem to be very developed. In

the above ranking for 2018-2020, he takes 131-133rd

place, that is, in the middle. Users of Internet sites or

global networks are increasingly targeted by citizens

with unnecessary interests, wasted time and making

new friends, while developed countries in recent

years have used the Internet and global networks only

to promote their activities and achieve their goals. In

the last two or three years alone, some citizens have

benefited from the use of Internet sites and global

networks and are conducting public surveys for their

use. This type of activity is mainly trained by young

people working in mobile companies and developing

mobile service applications for various services.

An economy capable of providing quality ICT

infrastructure and mobilizing the potential of ICT

consumers, businesses and governments (Berisha-

Namani, 2011; McKeown, 2009). In an increasingly

competitive free trade world, it is important for any

sector of the economy to use information technology

in production, management or other business

processes. In this regard, the Republic of Tajikistan

should introduce more digital technologies into

business. Since the business environment and the

business itself is constantly changing, entrepreneurs

must be able to access the necessary information in a

timely manner so that their ignorance of new laws

does not prevent them from doing so.

At the same time, information technology and

computer systems must support the growth, change

and development of digital commerce (Aferdita and

Mihane

, 2017). The introduction of information

technology in itself affects society, the economy, and

computer systems manage and control the state of

automated systems. The digital economy is closely

linked to digital technologies (Anderson, 2000).

The Role of Information Technologies in the Digital Economy of the Republic of Tajikistan

281

The analysis showed that without the introduction

of information technologies into the economy, the

introduction of the digital economy into the activities

of economic management is impossible. Because the

activities of the digital economy cannot be imagined

without the availability of advanced technologies,

high-speed Internet, and the necessary knowledge of

information technology. Therefore, for the state, first

of all, it is necessary to study the experience of

advanced countries in the development of the digital

economy and the introduction of modern

technologies into society.

It should be noted that the Republic of Tajikistan

lags behind the leading countries of the world in the

development of information technologies and their

implementation in the digital economy. Although the

Republic of Tajikistan has been analyzing the use of

information technologies since 2003, in 2003 the

information technology use index was equal to zero

and was included in the international rating in

connection with the adoption of laws and decisions in

the field of ICT. Since 2005, the index has risen to

0.0090. In 2010-2018, the information technology

use index has been steadily growing, and in 2020, the

information technology use index in the Republic of

Tajikistan has increased by 0.0429, more detailed

information on the development of information

technology in the world is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Development of the information technology index of the Republic of Tajikistan in comparison with the countries

of the world (UN E-Government Survey, 2020).

High-speed Internet is also required for activity in

the digital economy through information and

communication technologies, which is of great

concern in our country.

Figure 1 shows that the use of information

technology in the country is developing more slowly

than in developed countries, which depends on

several factors: the first factor is the

underdevelopment of information and

communication technologies and the low speed of the

Internet.

Although the number of Internet users in the

Republic of Tajikistan is growing, low Internet speed

is an obstacle to doing business. According to the

Global Speedtest Index, which analyzes the speed and

performance of Internet connections around the

world, the average Internet speed in Tajikistan

increased by 32.96 Mbps over the year, which is

3.28% more than in October 2020. However, it is the

lowest in Central Asia, with the exception of

Turkmenistan.

In terms of Internet speed, the countries of Central

Asia - Kazakhstan (62.04 Mbps), Kyrgyzstan (50.64

Mbps), Uzbekistan (46.94 Mbps), Tajikistan (32.96

Mbps) and Turkmenistan (3 .91 Mbps).

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,2

Development of information technology index

2005. 2008. 2010. 2012. 2014. 2016. 2018. 2020.

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Figure 2: Fixed Internet speed in CA countries. October 2021

(Mbps to Skunda) (Speedtest Global Index. Global Median Speeds December, 2021).

Another influential factor in the development of

information technology in the country is individual

Internet users, who are at a low level in Tajikistan.

Although the Republic of Tajikistan has been

participating in this process since 1999, it has not yet

achieved good results. Until 2017, this type of activity

of citizens of the country was 21.96% among the

countries of Central Asia, and over the past 4 years

there has been no progress in this area. According to

this indicator, Tajikistan is ahead of Turkmenistan by

0.71%, behind Kazakhstan by 63.85%, from

Uzbekistan by 48.44% and from Kyrgyzstan by

16.23%.

Figure 3: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) - Middle income, Central Asia (Individuals using the Internet (%

of population), 2020).

Another factor in the failure of the digital economy

in the Republic of Tajikistan is the high cost of the

Internet, which is higher than in Central Asia, with the

exception of Turkmenistan. The cost of 1 Mbit of

Internet per month in Tajikistan is $19.8. USD,

Kyrgyzstan up to USD 3.48, Uzbekistan USD 16.5,

Kazakhstan USD 9.8 and Turkmenistan allocate USD

165.5 per month on average.

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283

Figure 4: Average prices for fixed broadband inert in CA countries. 2020-2021 in USD (Speedtest Global Index.

Global Median Speeds December, 2021).

The computerization of the economy is integrated

in a modern way with the organization of personnel,

management, information technology, materials and

financing for high quality and low cost production,

excellent services and a clean environment.

The concept of computerization is presented in

different definitions and includes the simplification of

all economic activities of enterprises through

information technology. Under the concept of

computerization can be attributed to the automation

of enterprises, various material and social companies,

electronic payments.

In general, the definitions are given in different

terms, the main concepts of the digital economy and

computerization are the use of information and

telecommunication technologies and automation of

the management of state economic activities, the

protection of economic data, mobile services,

research and development and other economic issues.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, the concept of

computerization is more significant in electronic

payments and mobile services. If we consider

electronic payments over the past two years, they

have grown at a high pace, and in general, the number

of payment cards in 2020 amounted to 2931 thousand

units, compared to 2019, this figure is 28.3%. Of the

total volume of card payments, 58.2% are cards of the

National Payment System (NPS) "National Card",

14.4%, prepaid transport cards "CityKart", 8.4%

transport cards "CityKart-National Card", 8.4 %

Payment cards of internal systems of financial

organizations account for 6.2% of cards of

international payment systems (VISA, Mastercard

and UnionPay) and 4.4% of payment cards of

customers (UnionPay-NPM "National Card").

Figure 5: The share of payment cards in payment systems in the Republic of Tajikistan (Payment Cards Market, 2021).

"National

Card"

58,20%

prepaid

transport cards

“CityCard”

14,40%

Transport cards

“CityCard-

National Card”

8,40%

"VISA"

"UnionPay"

1,20%

"Masterсard"

0,40%

"Loсal"

8,40%

UnionPay-NPS

”National

Card"

4,40%

THE SHARE OF PAYMENT CARDS IN PAYMENT

SYSTEMS

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3 INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

Information technologies are widely used in all

spheres of economic and social life, especially in

production, circulation of scientific and commercial

results, management and maintenance of various

operations. Entrepreneurs have realized that it is

impossible to succeed in business without the

dissemination of information and the promotion of

goods and products, so the introduction of ICT into

their activities will be significant.

Increasing productivity and reducing costs in

developed countries is based on the use of computers

in industrial robotics, the rapid growth in the

production of microelectronic equipment and the

computerization of administrative work (Keneneth et

al, 2000).

The launch of the new Gosuslugi portal in 2021

was developed by Dmitry Chernyshenko in Russia for

Gosuslugi. Currently, up to 75.5 million Russian

citizens are registered on the portal, which is 175

million more than in 2020, and almost a quarter more

than in 2019. On average, more than 5 million people

a day use the platform through the site, and each of

them has access to 550 thousand types of electronic

services. In the process of the spread of the pandemic,

the capabilities of the portal expanded and such

services became popular among the population, such

as processing payments for children, and due to a

sharp increase in the number of requests from

citizens, the rating of the site increased. essential.

A trend in the development of information

technologies has formed in the Republic of

Tajikistan, mainly in the cont-+ext of the information

infrastructure for electronic services, which is 8.4%

more than in the reporting year 2019. The trend of

installing ATMs in 2020 was 369 units, cash

withdrawal terminals - 163 units, QR codes - 2962

units and terminals at trade and service points - 286

units, which is more than in 2019.

Figure 6: Dynamics of development of payment infrastructure for acceptance and servicing of payment cards (units) (Payment

Cards Market, 2021).

4 TELEGRAM MONETIZATION

Another trend in the development of the digital

economy in the country is the widespread use of social

networks, which are actively used by citizens. While

in the past social media was only used for

entertainment and travel, businesses and individuals

have taken over these sites since the outbreak of

Covid-19. Although the use of these sites has been

carried out in the country since 2015, no analysis of

the development of information technology in the

country has been recorded for unknown reasons or due

to the lack of users. The current usage of social

networking sites in 2021 is as follows.

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285

Figure 7: Use of social networking sites by citizens (Social Media Stats in Tajikistan – January, 2022).

Another Telegram trend that Pavel Durov

expressed on his personal network is the distribution

of the messenger to such an extent that it needs to be

monetized. Telegram with its capabilities is

considered among commercial companies and

advanced users, for whom it becomes a project for

additional funding planning, and all current (basic)

platform features remain free. Messenger also has an

advertising platform through which Telegram users

can post information, ads, and posts for a fee.

Together with access to data, Durova suggested that

in the future, along with paid stickers, free stickers

should also be introduced. Despite the paid service,

the number of its users in the world is growing day by

day and their number has increased from 35 million

in 2014 to 550 million in 2021. The analysis below

shows that in 2021 the number of Telegram users will

increase by 150 million compared to 2020.

Figure 8: Number of Telegram users by millions (Number of monthly active Telegram users worldwide from March 2014

to April 2020 (in millions)).

The digital economy platform for commerce and

entrepreneurship should be developed by the Ministry

of Economic Development and Trade of the Republic

of Tajikistan, by submitting by the end of 2021 a full

version of a single digital platform for small and

medium-sized businesses, which is part of a long-term

plan for national economic development. The main

objective of the platform is to save the entrepreneur’s

time, provide information in digital format, facilitate

the activities of entrepreneurs and collect all

information related to the business. The Ministry of

Economic Development and Trade of the Republic of

Tajikistan should present this platform as follows: it is

about creating an integrated business ecosystem,

which should work on the principle of a "single

window".

100

180

200

300

400

550

100

200

300

400

500

600

Título do Eixo

Telegram usere with millions

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5 5G STANDARDS

The 5G standard is another area of information and

communication technologies that has become

widespread in the development of the digital

economy in 2021 with the introduction of fifth-

generation mobile communications. The new

technology has been explored by advanced countries

and its users have already reached 340 million people.

This standard basically provides three important

things: high-speed Internet, stable communication,

and the ability to connect a large number of devices

at the same time. The introduction of the new 5G

communication standard will make it possible to

quickly introduce the digital economy in many areas,

create smart cities, develop Internet products and

other new technologies.

The development trend of the 5G standard on the

territory of the republic is not developed due to the

low speed of the Internet. Because among the

country's cellular companies, only three cellular

companies, tcell.tj, Megafon.tj and ZET-Mobile,

have contributed to the provision of 5G, but their

activities have not yet been effective. ZET-Mobile

was launched in Dushanbe on Sadriddin Aini,

Ahmadi Donish streets, Rudaki crossing and 91st 5G

district, but was not effective due to lack of technical

equipment and low internet speed.

Despite the lack of significant development of the

digital economy in the Republic of Tajikistan, with

the existing capabilities of information technology,

computer programs and community automation,

existing mobile companies have developed telephone

programs that facilitate the service of entrepreneurs

and customers. In addition, the Tax Committee under

the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has

created a single portal covering all taxation and tax

activities.

The basis for the development of the digital

economy in the Republic of Tajikistan is:

• Cost reduction for production, tourism, services,

marketing and distribution of resources;

• Improving the protection of automated systems

and the security of modern society;

• Creation of e-commerce markets and their

connection to mobile applications;

• Development of special applications for e-

commerce and business on mobile phones;

• Creation of a single trading platform in the

domestic and foreign markets.

The trends being discussed, the future

computerization of trade at the state level, thanks to

which it is possible to fully integrate into the digital

economy, and based on these developments, the

economy can be integrated into a single global trading

system.

6 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

E-commerce is part of the digital economy based on

the development of information and communication

technologies, and in modern times is one of the most

active areas of the economy of any country. ICTs are

an important factor in trade and bring countries closer

to the e-commerce single market. Therefore, it can be

concluded that information technology is a key factor

in e-commerce, as it can ensure the activities of

entrepreneurs and merchants, the quality of use and

transparency in the market. If an enterprise

sufficiently defines information technology for e-

commerce in a competitive market with appropriate

software designations, it can organize and collect the

data, information necessary to develop new products

and services.

E-commerce through email, voicemail,

videoconferencing, database-based conferencing,

teleconferencing, and electronic data interchange

enables the Internet to connect and bring instant

change to the marketplace, economy, society,

politics, and delivery of products, services, and

consumers. At the same time, the rules of European

and national competition are applied, thanks to which

small businesses have every opportunity to enter new

competitive markets on fair terms, etc. (Lazariev,

2019).

Also, e-commerce tools meet the following

requirements:

• optimization of business processes (production,

marketing, distribution, sales, payments, etc.).

• Improvement of relations (with the population,

customer, supplier, distributor, etc.).

• Improvement of business services (banks,

agencies, advocacy, accounting, etc.) (Beqiri, 2013).

The key elements that enable the practice of e-

commerce are: global infrastructure, communication

with suppliers, communication with buyers and

customers, communication with intermediaries.

Thus, Internet connectivity allows businesses to

quickly conduct analytics, create websites and

advertise their products, track consumer behavior,

conduct video conferences to bring changes to the

digital economy, and hold auctions.

The founder of e-commerce in the Republic of

Tajikistan is Alif Sarmoya, which was first

established in 2014 under the name Alif Capital. In

2015, this company developed a program for running

its business.In 2016 it received a license for issuing

The Role of Information Technologies in the Digital Economy of the Republic of Tajikistan

287

microloans, in 2017 it became a national card for

clients, in 2018 it became Alif.mob, People's Card,

Hello Card and Alif.online e-wallet, in 2020 with the

help of Amazon Web Service started offering its

infrastructure with a hybrid cloud infrastructure,

partnered with Visa to develop an ecosystem of

digital platforms, and in 2021 will launch alif.

business internet banking developed by the Swiss

company ImmuniWeb, where it was evaluated and

presented.

7 INNOVATORS OF

COMPUTERIZATION IN THE

DIGITAL ECONOMY

Fast modern technologies play an important role in

the development of the digital economy. The

development of computerization in the digital

economy is mainly reflected in the use of information

systems for strategic planning and analysis, especially

in the implementation of national economic

strategies. The computerized system consists of a

series of information and control systems to enforce

laws and make appropriate decisions in the digital

economy. The development of these systems initially

required strategic planning by top managers (top

management) with the main goal of facilitating access

to important information, especially information that

has been identified as important success factors for

the enterprise (Anderson, 2000). In the scientific

article, the topic of the digital economy changes

mainly in terms of studying the theoretical and

methodological foundations, administrative and legal

aspects of the implementation and development of the

digital economy (Filyppova at el, 2021; Sidorenko,

2020; Narcyz at el, 2019; Report for the G20 Digital

Economy Task Force SAUDI ARABIA, 2020).

The aforementioned e-commerce mainly covers

the purchase and sale of goods and products over the

Internet, and includes customer service, business

cooperation between entrepreneurs, and the

organization of electronic auctions. The concept of e-

commerce has spread among people in two senses: e-

commerce and Internet commerce, but in fact, e-

commerce is a part of Internet commerce.

Based on the introduction of information

technology in e-commerce, such functionalities as

ordering by catalogs and tariffs, connecting Internet

applications to the operating system, self-registration

of users, the ability to sell a variety of goods via the

Internet, ordering according to standard schemes,

reports and financial documents) and make online

payments. One result of the progress of the digital

economy is the introduction of e-commerce models

that:

1) B2B = Business-to-Business - ("Business-to-

Business");

2) B2C = Business-to-Consumer ("Business

(company) - consumer");

3) C2C = consumer-to-consumer;

4) C2B = Consumer-to-Business - ("Company-

consumer");

5) B2G = business for government;

6) E2E = Exchange-to-Exchange

The term e-commerce was first coined in 1977 by

Louis Gerstner. Louis Gerstner, then CEO of IBM,

defined e-commerce as the transformation of key

business processes with the help of Internet

technologies. Today, "e-commerce" is carried out in

two forms: the first is the implementation of the

concept within the framework of strategic

management and direct communication, and the

second is carried out with a definition that describes

the business, mainly online. An e-commerce system

is a business model in which business processes,

business information exchange and business

transactions are automated using information

systems. Most of the solutions use Internet

technologies to transfer data and provide web

services. The types of e-commerce are identified

using the following information.

• M-commerce (Mobile commerce) – trade using

mobile services;

• T-commerce (Televigion commerce) - trade

using digital interactive television;

• V-commerce (Voice commerce) - voice

commerce. These are automated transactions on the

Internet that are carried out through voice portals

using a computer or phone using voice commands.

Voice portals such as brokerage systems can control

home devices over the Internet.

• U-commerce (universal commerce) - universal

commerce, the ability to conduct business at any time

using an electronic device.

• D-commerce (dynamic commerce) is a dynamic

pricing that allows traders to achieve the highest level

of transparency and conduct electronic transactions

on favorable terms.

Online payments are also offered by Raiffeisen

Bank, which offers payment services in shopping

centers using bank cards and POS terminals. The two

banks have also developed an ATM network for

withdrawing Resi transactions with VISA and

MasterCard international bank cards.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, electronic payments

by domestic companies Alif.shop, DushanbeCity,

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MegafonLivf, Amonat.tzh, Eskhata for domestic and

international payments are made by electronic cards.

The activity of these companies will grow rapidly

in 2020, and payments through national cards and

mobile applications will be carried out in almost all

regions of the country. Payments are mainly made by

the payment card of the SSB RT "Amonatbonk" or

mobile applications, to which the national card

"Amonatbonk" is connected, which is 51% in total.

Figure 9: Share of payment cards, issued by credit institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan (Payment Cards Market, 2021).

Despite all these achievements of information

technologies in the economy, the following factors,

which are indicated in the plan, are very important

and necessary for the development of the country's

digital economy, but Tajikistan is far behind the

Central Asian states.

The plan provides information on the availability

of economic data for the nine indicators of the

International Telecommunication Union, which are

presented for the ICT Development Index in 2020.

These indicators are based on a preliminary

assessment of the August 2020 data situation for the

2017-2019 base year, which is described in Table 1.,

this section.

Table 1. Data availability by economy and likely coverage (ICT Development Index: A proposal, 2020).

Economy

Sufficient level

of data

availability

Households

with

a computer

Households

with internet

access

Bandwidth

Network

coverage

Fixed

broadband

Internet users

Mobile

broadband

Mobile Internet

traffic

Kazakhstan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Yes

Tajikistan Yes

Turkmenistan Yes

Uzbekistan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

All these factors have enabled e-commerce to

expand, change and increase productivity. In addition,

communication within a company (intranet) or

between companies and consumers over the Internet

can help reduce delays in the supply chain. Based on

these innovations, the following opportunities for the

development of e-commerce in the Republic of

Tajikistan and the digital economy are identified, such

as: increasing confidence in creating a better image

and progress; promotion of goods or services;

advertising in more markets and lower costs; answer

questions about

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289

products or services; filing applications directly from

a computer (“online”); reducing customer response

time; access to customer requests; improving

customer service; the possibility of providing

uninterrupted services per day; use of e-mail as a

means of marketing (pricing), use of e-mail as a

means of communication with customers; submission

of documents in electronic form (without paper) and

the possibility of conducting external marketing

research.

Studies show that in the future, the transition to a

digital economy in the Republic of Tajikistan will be

better, more accurate and more transparent. Global

Internet markets provide opportunities for small and

medium businesses in developed and developing

countries.

8 CONCLUSIONS

The Republic of Tajikistan needs to use and develop

information technologies and software in all spheres

of society in order to achieve the development of the

digital economy in the national economy, improve the

living standards of the population, and introduce

transparency into the activities of public institutions

and private companies. ICT, business automation,

economics and e-commerce software are constantly

evolving to help trade and enter a competitive global

market. Information technology provides an

opportunity to increase the efficiency and flexibility

of business processes and teamwork. Provide high-

speed Internet to mobile operators and companies,

industrial enterprises to use modern technology,

create a whole new e-commerce structure to develop

the digital economy and create a competitive

advantage.

We need to be realistic about the future and

recognize that e-commerce paves the way for global

trade and international competition, so the importance

of the digitalization of society and the development

of the digital economy is inevitable. The global nature

of the digital economy is evolving without limiting

the potential of the national economy. Therefore,

entrepreneurs and traders, as well as the entire society

of Tajikistan, should work in this direction and reap

the benefits of the digital economy.

The digitalization of the economy of Tajikistan,

expressed in e-commerce, is a key element in the

future development of the digital economy. In the

coming years, this will increase the efficiency of the

“online” economy, i.e. all business transactions

(purchases, sales and other related transactions) will

be carried out by electronic means.

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