National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in

ASEAN to Improve National Economic

Muhammad Reza Syariffudin Zaki, David Petra Chendana and Marcelino Alfrediko Slaat

Business Law Program, Law Department, Faculty of Humanities Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia

Keywords: National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE), Export and Import, Logistics Process Flow Acceleration, ASEAN.

Abstract: Exports and imports play a very important role in the economy of a country. Complicated bureaucracy is an

obstacle for domestic entrepreneurs to export and import in Indonesia, especially during this Covid-19 period.

Simplifying the export-import flow is one solution with a program to accelerate the export-import flow or

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE). Research This study will analyze how the impact of NLE on Indonesia’s

export-import flows within ASEAN and whether NLE can be legally established as a positive law in

Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory and legal conceptual

approach. NLE is one of the concrete steps in accelerating import-export logistics flows, increasing Gross

Domestic Product (GDP), and stabilizing the country’s economy, especially in dealing with the emergency

conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. because that’s the government must make new rules or revise existing

import-export rules. With the implementation of NLE in export-import and its regulation in laws and

regulations, it is expected to increase the rate of export-import and Indonesia’s GDP.

1 INTRODUCTION

Different trading conditions in each country

encourage business actors and also the government to

trade outside their territory or country. Trade carried

out by business actors and the government outside the

territory of the country is called export-import

activities. Nevertheless, either directly or indirectly,

exportimport activities through the exchange of

goods and/or services between countries are still

needed as a form of trade relations activities to meet

the needs of each of these countries (Widjaja and

Yani, 2000).

Various economic sectors were weakened and

limited due to social restrictions during the pandemic,

for that the Indonesian people began to limit their

activities by limiting activities outside the home.

Restrictions on activity make the economy slow down

and people’s purchasing power decreases. Looking at

data from the BPS, imports in April 2020 fell 18.58%

compared to 2019 at US$ 12 billion. Exports for April

2020 also experienced a drastic decline of 7.09%,

compared to 2019 which was US$12.19 billion. With

this Covid-19, the economy and exports and imports

in Indonesia slowed down, making companies

experience difficulties in their cash flow, many

companies decided to limit their production and some

temporarily closed their factories and laid off their

employeeswithout severance pay, this resulted in

rising unemployment in Indonesia. . Because this

pandemic is not only happening in Indonesia, even

almost all countries are experiencing this pandemic,

for this reason, restrictions are not only carried out in

Indonesia but abroad also set the same thing, causing

companies to have difficulty getting raw materials,

causing raw material prices to soar, For this reason,

the company chose to reduce its production. Not only

the reduction of its production but also the reduction

of its resources and the reduction of its employees

(Salsabila, 2021).

Previously, the Minister of Cooperatives and

Small and Medium Enterprises Teten Masduki stated

that he would accelerate the transformation of

MSMEs to enter online trade in the face of the

pandemic. The Coordinating Minister explained that

the government had prepared steps for digital

transformation for MSMEs, including through a

digital payment system or QRIS. Then, the shift from

outside the network (offline) to online is in the form

of financing either through banking and technology-

based finance companies or fintech. The Minister of

Cooperatives and SMEs also stated that his party also

opened up opportunities for cooperation with all e-

248

Zaki, M., Chendana, D. and Slaat, M.

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in ASEAN to Improve National Economic.

DOI: 10.5220/0011245400003376

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2021), pages 248-255

ISBN: 978-989-758-602-6

commerce platforms that support the development of

MSMEs in Indonesia (Zuraya, 2021).

In general, arrangements regarding various

matters regarding export and import duties are

regulated in Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning

Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 concerning

Customs. If you look at the website of the Directorate

General of National Export Development. there are 4

(four) main stages in export when using a Letter of

Credit (L/C).

● The first stage is the Sales Contract Process,

this process is a process in which all

documents or letters of approval that exist

between the seller and the buyer are given a

follow-up from the purchase order requested

by the importer. The contents of the sales

contract itself are the terms of payment for the

goods to be sold, the price of the goods to the

arrangements regarding transportation.

● The second stage is the L/C Process, the letter

of credit itself is a guarantee from the issuing

bank to the exporter in accordance with the

instructions from the importer to make a

payment of a certain amount within a certain

period of time. The L/C opening process itself

can be carried out through 3 (three) stages as

follows:

- The importer will ask the bank to open

an L/C as a guarantee and the funds

will be used to make payments to the

exporter in accordance with the

agreement in the sales contract.

- Then the bank will open an L/C

through its correspondent bank in the

country where the exporter is intended

(Advising Bank).

- After that, the advising bank will check

the validity of the L/C opening from

the bank.

● Cargo Shipment Process, is the stage where

the goods to be exported pass the delivery

period. The important output of this process is

a shipping document which is used as

evidence that the exporter has sent the goods

ordered by the importer in accordance with all

the requirements stipulated in the L/C.

Shipping Document Negotiation Process, this

process is a process of cashing shipping documents

for exporters and is a process of claiming goods that

have been paid by the importer to the exporter.

Although exports and imports play a very

important role in the economy of a country,

complicated bureaucracy becomes an obstacle for

domestic entrepreneurs to export and import in

Indonesia. In fact, this also makes investors slump so

that it affects Indonesia’s competitiveness rating in

the international arena which continues to decline.

One example is the tough licensing process that

changes every year for shipments of seaweed from

Indonesia. This was complained by the Indonesian

Seaweed Association. In addition to the complexity

caused by changes in the institution that issues the

certificate to guarantee that the product is cultivated,

the price for the issuance of this certificate is also very

burdensome for seaweed entrepreneurs because it has

increased up to 750% from the previous price (Lukita,

2020). In addition to exports, complications often

occur in the import licensing process, especially

during the Covid-19 pandemic. The licensing process

for obtaining an Import Permit (SIP) is considered too

long, while the level of production efficiency in

Indonesia is much lower than in other countries so

that the product inventory ordered is already out of

stock.

In the study of International Law, the international

community governed by international law is a

coordinated legal order of a number of countries, each

of which is independent and sovereign. In

international law, the existing relationship is

coordination, considering that the countries in the

world are equal in degree, not subordinated like

national law (Zaki, 2018).

Therefore, the government wants to prepare a

system to simplify and speed up the import-export

process through the implementation of the National

Logistic Ecosystem (NLE). Is a logistics ecosystem

that will harmonize the flow of goods with

international documents or flow of documents, from

the arrival of the means of transport (ships/airplanes)

until the goods leave the port and arrive at the

warehouse. In addition, NLE is also an effort

launched by the government to cut the long

bureaucracy that surrounds export - import activities

in Indonesia. NLE itself is predicted to be able to cut

17 (seventeen) steps of the export-import bureaucracy

to only 1 step system. So that various data regarding

export-import activities can be integrated into one and

create a harmonization in the system and service

process. The integration of this service process will

later become a full cycle of the logistics process, from

pre-clearence to post-clearance.

NLE is expected to be a policy that can cut and

reduce logistics costs which are currently very high in

Indonesia. So that the initial logistics cost of 24% can

be reduced to 17% (Shimizu, ), which of course will

make Indonesia’s logistics cost competitive with

other countries, especially in the ASEAN region. Of

course, this topic requires further research related to

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in ASEAN to Improve National Economic

249

its effectiveness in terms of bureaucratic cash flow,

both in Indonesia and ASEAN.

2 DISCUSSION

2.1 Impact of NLE on Indonesian

Export and Import Flows within

ASEAN

Strategic economic cooperation in the ASEAN region

is the largest cooperation in the eastern ASIA region.

ASEAN was founded in 1967 and has been

promoting regional economic cooperation for each of

its members since 1976 (Shimizu, 2021). Each

country has different natural and human resources.

There are countries that are blessed with abundant

natural resources, and on the other hand there are also

countries that are poor in natural resources but have

superior human resources so that they can create

efficient technology. The exchange of these resources

is expected to improve the quality of life in each

country (Prianto, 2018). Indeed, a country can be

classified as a welfare state if the country has 4 (four)

main pillars, namely: (1) social citizenship; (2) full

democracy; (3) modern industrial relations systems;

and (4) rights to education and the expansion of

modern mass educations systems (Warr, 2019).

Improving the quality of a country’s standard of

living is also carried out through exchanges between

countries through international trade. The pattern of

international trade cooperation that has developed in

the last few decades is the pattern of the free trade

area. The member countries involved in the

cooperation generally carry out trade cooperation by

minimizing or even eliminating trade inhibiting

factors such as tariff and non-tariff barriers (Nopirin,

2019). The country’s decision to engage in free trade

cooperation is good be it bilateral, regional, or

multilateral, basically to increase national income,

expand markets, and so on (Nopirin, 2014). The state

decision to engage in free trade cooperation is also

influenced by trading partners or partners with whom

the country or region will conduct trade cooperation.

The more promising the cooperative trading partners

are, it is believed that the more profitable it will be for

the parties involved in the trade (Chia, 2015).

One form of cooperation between countries in the

Southeast Asia region is the Association of South

East Asia Nation (ASEAN). The Association of

South East Asia Nation (ASEAN) is a geopolitical

and economic organization of countries in the

Southeast Asia region which was founded in Bangkok

on August 8, 1967. Cooperation of the member

countries of the Association of South East Asia

Nation (ASEAN) covers various fields and one of

which is the economic sector, including trading

activities. Indonesia as a member of the Association

of South East Asia Nation (ASEAN) also carries out

trade cooperation both bilaterally and multilaterally

(Idris and Hussin, 2015). One form of economic

cooperation in the Association of South East Asia

Nation (ASEAN) is the ASEAN Economic

Community (MEA). Each of these institutions and

initiatives are involved in the five elements of a single

market (free flow of goods, free flow of services, free

flow of investment, free flow of capital, and free flow

of labor) in a unified production base. The ASEAN

Economic Community (AEC) will affect the

economies of the countries in it, which consist of:

Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand,

Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

and Myanmar

In addition, economic integration accompanied by

the mobility of production factors will also encourage

the accumulation of certain economic activities in a

certain area (agglomeration). This agglomeration can

work backward or forward linkage. Agglomeration

associated with forward linkage is an agglomeration

that occurs because of the entrepreneur’s desire to

approach a larger market. Meanwhile, backward

linkage agglomeration occurs due to the desire of

entrepreneurs to approach suppliers in order to reduce

costs. Many empirical studies to assess the benefits of

economic integration have been carried out. One of

the empirical studies conducted by Grossman and

Helpman proves that the opening of trade will be

followed by the transmission of knowledge so that in

general it will increase economic growth

2.2 National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE)

As Indonesia’s Trade (Export-

Import)

Solution In the ASEAN region, several countries

have implemented policies similar to the National

Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) or in other words is an

egovernment, which are the best practices of the

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) policy, namely

Singapore with the Networked Trade Platform (NTP)

and Thailand with the Thai National Single Window

(NSW). Covid-19 is not only disrupting the economy

but also trade. It is therefore important to seek

policies that can reduce costs and increase the

availability of goods and services. Indonesia based on

PP No. 43 of the year has established a National

Economic Recovery (PEN) policy as a response to the

ICRI 2021 - International Conference on Recent Innovations

250

economic situation caused by COVID-19. The

Ministry of Finance on its website announced the

implementation of the National Logistic Ecosystem

(NLE) system as one of the national economic

improvement programs to increase inbound,

outbound and domestic trade. The Covid-19 has

hampered the country’s economy and caused some

losses. One of the losses experienced is exports and

imports. The development of Indonesian exports and

imports continues to deteriorate in the midst of the

Corona or COVID-19 pandemic. Export gains in May

were the lowest since 2016 (Thomas, 2020). Exports

in May continued their decline in the range of 13.40%

month to month (mtom) and 28.95% year on year

(yoy). To overcome the sluggish exports and the

economy in general, the government promised to fix

it. The realization of the promise is contained in the

National Economic Recovery (PEN) program.

Implementation of National Economic Recovery

(PEN) in accordance with Government Regulation 23

of the Year Concerning the Implementation of the

National Economic Improvement Program (PEN) in

the Framework of Supporting State Financial Policies

for Handling the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (Covid-

19) Pandemic and/or Facing Threats That Endanger

the National Economy and/or Financial System

Stability and National Economic Rescue.

The importance of handling logistics is to cut the

usual operations of sending and receiving goods for

both export and import (Arof, 2019). Logistics

problems in Indonesia are one of the many problems

that hinder the economy. It is clear that the behavior

of government institutions or bureaucracy greatly

influences the activities of the business world,

especially in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

According to the WEF, bureaucratic bureaucracy, red

tape, aka slow and convoluted, over-regulated,

corrupt, dishonest, non-transparent, untrustworthy,

and politicized, will increase the economic costs that

must be borne by entrepreneurs significantly so that

in the long run will slow down the pace of economic

growth (Gunarjo, 2020).

2.3 Context of National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) on Indonesian

Export-Import

The establishment of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) is calculated to be able to reduce

logistics costs which are now 17%. This decrease of

about 5 to 6% will be contributed from all upstream

to downstream processes, especially in connecting

the transportation sectors and simplifying processes,

eliminating repetition and providing convenience for

business actors. This is projected to increase logistics

efficiency as well as increase the competitiveness of

the entire national economy. In the end, exports are

expected to increase due to the availability of raw

materials and capital goods as well as the stability of

capital goods prices at competitive international

prices which can be done by reducing tariffs (oper

ationally), providing convenience in the process of

obtaining export and import licenses and permits, as

well as increasing transparency of export and import

regulations, also due to the development of

internetbased e-commerce, technology and business

that facilitates and complements the ease of trade that

has been regulated by bilateral, regional and

multilateral trade agreements, and exploration of non-

traditional export markets.

With the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE), the

online delivery order or DO process for exportimport

activities will be faster. Because the integrated

logistics platform is integrated with all related parties.

NLE makes all export-import process services must

be integrated in the logistics platform. Currently, the

management is entrusted to the National Single

Window Institution (LNSW). With the

implementation of NLE, he said, dwelling time will

be faster. Especially if the importer has switched to

an electronic bill of lading (e-BL) in addition to using

a seaway bill, telex release, and a surrendered bill of

lading.

The Bill of Lading (BL) as one of the documents

required in export and import issued and legalized by

the shipping party. The document also functions as a

freight forwarder, which contains complete

information on the name of the sender, name of the

ship, cargo data, port of loading and unloading port,

details of freight and payment method, name of

consignee or customer, number of original BL issued

and date of signing. In short, BL is a carriage

agreement between the shipper (sender), consignee

(receiver) and the carrier or carrier. through the NLE

platform, the acceleration of the release of goods or

containers at the port’s container terminal must also

be supported by the acceleration of the return of

empty containers at empty depot facilities outside the

port.

From the explanation above, the author can note

that there are two benefits from the implementation

of this National Logistics Ecosystem. First, it is a

matter of time efficiency, with the integration of NLE

and the application of electronic-based services in

several scopes/stages of logistics distribution, it can

cut time up to 95% this is very useful so that the

availability of goods is getting shorter than before the

implementation of NLE. Especially for medicines

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in ASEAN to Improve National Economic

251

and medical devices that are urgently needed in

situations like this.

Second, is related to cost efficiency. With the

implementation of NLE which reduces the time and

stages of the logistics flow, it is certain that the cost

of logistics distribution can also be cut. In one stage

and one logistics product, related parties can cut up to

hundreds of billions. This is a positive policy to

stimulate the market and help entrepreneurs to get

back on their feet to strengthen the economy during

the pandemic.

2.4 National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE)

as a Positive Law in Indonesia after

the Covid-19 Pandemic

2.4.1 National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE)

Regulation

The implementation of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) is regulated by the Ministry of

Finance in a work program called the Ministry of

Finance’s National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE). The

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) procurement

itself refers to Government Regulation No. 43 of the

Year concerning Amendments to Government

Regulation Number 23 of the Year concerning the

Implementation of the National Economic Recovery

Program in the Framework of Supporting State

Financial Policies for Handling the 2019 Corona

Virus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic and/or Facing

Threats That Endanger the National Economy and/or

Financial System Stability and National Economic

Rescue established, promulgated and entered into

force on August 4th. In PP No. 43 of the Year it is

stated that the National Economic Recovery (PEN)

program is a series of activities for the recovery of the

national economy which is part of the state financial

policy implemented by the Government to accelerate

the handling of the Corona Virus Disease 2019

(COVID-19) pandemic and/or to deal with the

COVID-19 pandemic. threats that endanger the

national economy and/or financial system stability

and save the national economy. The National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) itself is a form of effort to support

national economic recovery activities by reducing

logistics costs and speeding up the process of

shipping goods so that it will save procurement costs

and facilitate international trade as well as the

domestic economy. The existence of Government

Regulation no. 43 Years is supported by Law no. 2

Years concerning Stipulation of Government

Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 Year

concerning State Financial Policy and Financial

System Stability for Handling the Corona Virus

Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic and/or in Facing

Threats That Endanger the National Economy and/or

Financial System Stability Became Law. The

justification for the PP issued is supported by the

1945 Constitution Article 5 Paragraphs 1 and 2 which

reads: (1) The President has the right to submit a draft

law to the House of Representatives, (2) The

President determines government regulations to carry

out the law properly. The National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) will collaborate with various

parties, including Ministries and Agencies. To

support policies and the possibility of changes in

business processes, of course, supporting regulations

are needed. Through Presidential Instruction 5 2020,

the President has given a mandate for it.

The implementation of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) Program is not only a form of

National Economic Improvement, but also as a form

of compliance with the advice given by the WTO

(World Trade Organization) and WCO (World

Custom Organization). Seeing the decline in world

trade which has plummeted after the COVID-19

outbreak, the WTO encourages its member countries

to have strategies in dealing with economic problems

so that they can make economic improvements. In the

absence of new rules, such as new cooperation or

agreements, the requirements for implementing this

economic improvement strategy do not violate the

multilateral agreements in the WTO. The National

Logistic Ecosystem is an effort to improve the

economy through improving the logistics flow

process that can cut operational costs, in its

implementation it does not violate any agreements or

cooperation in the WTO because it is not related to

the addition or reduction of export and import costs,

nor is it related to subsidies provided. In other words,

the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) is a strategic

development to improve logistics quality in ASEAN.

The implementation of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) which can improve logistics

processes so as to reduce barriers to the flow of goods

both domestically and internationally can help

maintain momentum and ensure the flow of goods is

well maintained.

2.4.2 National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE)

Regulation after COVID-19 Ends

The National Logistics Ecosystem (NLE) is only

valid during COVID-19. Even though the economic

recovery in reality takes a long time so it may be

implemented over the next five or ten years, the

urgency that is used is as a response to the economic

ICRI 2021 - International Conference on Recent Innovations

252

downturn due to COVID-19. The National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) is a program targeted for

completion in 2024 according to Presidential

Instruction No. 5 of 2020, however, the results of the

national logistics arrangement are expected to be

applied in a sustainable manner to support the

national logistics system. The implementation of the

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) is closely related

to Law No. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade. Judging from

article 3 paragraph (1), (2) of Law No. 7 of 2014; the

scope of Law No. 7 of 2014 covers (1) domestic trade,

foreign trade, border trade, standardization, trade

through electronic systems, trade protection and

security, empowerment of cooperatives and micro,

small and medium enterprises; export development,

international trade cooperation, trade information

system, government duties and authorities in the trade

sector, national trade committee, supervision, and

investigation; (2) business services, distribution

services, communication services, education

services, environmental services, financial services,

construction and related engineering services, health

and social services, recreation, culture, and sports

services; tourism services, transportation services,

and other services. The implementation of the

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) is included in the

scope regulated by Law No. 17 of 2014 namely the

distribution of goods as regulated in article (7). Just

like the existence of Government Regulation No. 29

of 2017 concerning Payment Methods for Goods and

Delivery Methods for Goods in Export and Import

Activities, which is a more detailed explanation for

Article 40 paragraph (2) of Law Number 7 of 2014

concerning Trade. Therefore, the Government

Regulation concerning the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) is needed as an explanation of the

mechanism for the distribution of goods in Article (7)

of Law no. 17 of 2014 concerning Trade.

NLE is a new breakthrough that is in line with the

principles of good governance. Through NLE,

stakeholders can benefit more, both in terms of cost

and time. The implementation of NLE so far has

proven to be able to cut logistics distribution flows,

save budgets, and clarify information and

communication because processes from upstream to

downstream have been integrated.

NLE is also the answer to the problems of

Indonesia’s logistics system in and out which always

occurs, especially in the era of the Covid-19

pandemic. So, it is hoped that the rules related to NLE

will not only be applied during covid but also after

covid. NLE is a unit of a series of rules issued by the

government in response to Covid which led to the

promulgation of Law no. 43 of 2020 concerning

Amendments to Government Regulation Number 23

of 2020 concerning the Implementation of the

National Economic Recovery Program in Order to

Support State Financial Policies for Handling the

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic

and/or Facing Threats That Endanger the National

Economy and/or System Stability Finance and Saving

the National Economy. Until now, the NLE itself still

has weak legal force because it is based on

Presidential Instruction No. 5 of 2020 concerning the

arrangement of the national logistics ecosystem.

2.4.3 National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE)

and Its Relation with the Welfare State

So the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) in this

study will function as a planned process or effort.

Another meaning in the welfare state theory, the

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) is that the

government actually has a responsibility to guarantee

the greatest happiness (or welfare) of the greatest

number of their citizens. The principle of welfare is

the same as happiness, which is then called the

principle of utilitarianism. Based on these two

principles, it means that everything that can create a

sense of happiness and provide welfare or well-being

is good because the state plays an active role in

managing and organizing the country’s economy,

which includes various state responsibilities to ensure

the availability of basic welfare services for its

citizens. Regulations that are proclaimed can move

the wheels of the economy in a positive way that can

encourage every human resource to be used to drive

economic activity, one of which is by meeting the

basic needs of each person. One of the roles played

by the state is the effectiveness of state revenue

sources through various efforts

Welfare state theory is used because this theory is

considered to have basic similarities with the

discourse on implementing the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE). In the theory of the welfare state,

the state actually has a basic obligation to ensure the

welfare of its people. This of course must be

accompanied by qualified resources, including

economic resources. One of the things that can be

done to realize this is by optimizing sources of state

revenue which can be done through changes in

logistics policy. Therefore, the implementation of the

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) cannot be

separated from fulfilling the obligations of the state

as a welfare state. Even after the end of COVID-19,

practices are still important for the long-term

improvement of the national economy. In addition,

the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) will provide

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in ASEAN to Improve National Economic

253

benefits for the economy even though COVID-19 has

ended. The ratification of the regulation is just a

momentum to realize that there are still many

problems in Indonesia’s logistics given the

importance of facilitating traffic in logistics matters.

3 CONCLUSION

Based on the discussion that has been described in the

writing in the previous chapter, the following

conclusions can be drawn:

● The impact of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) on Indonesia’s export-

import flows within the ASEAN scope,

namely accelerating the flow of bureaucracy

in and out of goods resulting in work that

requires shorter time and logistics flows that

have lower costs. This has greatly helped

Indonesia respond to the need to immediately

procure medicines and medical devices to deal

with the pandemic. There are two benefits

from the implementation of the National

Logistics Ecosystem. First, it is a matter of

time efficiency, with the integration of NLE

and the application of electronic-based

services in several scopes/stages of logistics

distribution, it can cut time up to 95% this is

very useful so that the availability of goods is

getting shorter than before the implementation

of NLE. Especially for medicines and medical

devices that are urgently needed in situations

like this. Second, is related to cost efficiency.

With the implementation of NLE which

reduces the time and stages of the logistics

flow, it is certain that the cost of logistics

distribution can also be cut. In one stage and

one logistics product, related parties can cut up

to hundreds of billions. This is a positive

policy to stimulate the market and help

entrepreneurs to get back on their feet to

strengthen the economy during the pandemic.

In the context of ASEAN, the presence of NLE

is a form of Indonesia’s commitment to create

a good logistics ecosystem environment in the

ASEAN region in accordance with what

ASEAN countries have agreed to in various

conferences and agreements.

● The National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) can

legally be established as a positive law in

Indonesia after the Covid-19 Pandemic ends.

Until now, the NLE itself still has weak legal

force because it is based on Presidential

Instruction No. 5 of 2020 concerning the

arrangement of the national logistics

ecosystem. Presidential instructions are only

limited to providing direction, guiding,

guiding in terms of the implementation of

tasks and work. Meanwhile, there are

presidential decrees that are regulatory

(regeling) (which are equated with

presidential regulations) and some are

stipulating (beschikking). Therefore, the NLE

which is based on the Presidential Instruction

does not actually have strong legal force, even

though in practice there are many provisions

in this NLE which have a binding nature and

answer the legal vacuum that has been a

problem in the logistics sector. However, in

fact this application must be accompanied by

the creation of new rules or special positive

laws for the National Logistic Ecosystem

(NLE) or can also revise the existing import-

export rules because for now the basis for the

establishment of the National Logistic

Ecosystem (NLE) is a law that is only

temporarily. The author prefers if the NLE is

united in a regulation that specializes in

national logistics issues.

REFERENCES

Arof, A. M. Determinants for a feasible short sea shipping:

Lessons from europe for asean. The Pasific Review,

28(ue 4):77.

Chia, S. Y. Asean economic integration and physical

connectivity. Asian Economic Papers, 15(2):198–215.

Gunarjo, N. Reformasi birokrasi, syarat mutlak

pembangunan ekonomi”. Jurnal Dialog Kebijakan

Publik, 3:45–62.

Idris, H. and Hussin, H. Improving intra-asean connectivity

and inland water ways network for further integration

of the coastal shipping and tourism sector

developments. JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian

Studies, 23(1):75–101.

Lukita, B. M. Eksportir keluhkan birokrasi yang rumit. In

umit (Online), Access on.

Nopirin. Ekonomi Moneter, edisi keempat. BPFE,

Yogyakarta.

Prianto, B. Desentralisasi: Sebuah kajian awal tentang

reformasi governance menuju welfare state. Spirit

Publik, 10(2):118.

Salsabila, I. Bagaimana nasib ekspor impor di indonesia

saat ini”, tersedia di. Online), Access on 10 May 2021.

Shimizu, K. The asean economic community and the rcep

in the world economy”. Journal of Contemporary East

Asia Studies, 10(1):1.

Thomas, V. F. Babak belur ekspor impor indonesia di

tengah pandemi covid 19”, tersedia di. Access On.

ICRI 2021 - International Conference on Recent Innovations

254

Warr, P. G. Comparative advantage and protection in

indonesia”. Journal Bulletin of Indonesian Economic

Studies, 28(3):41–70.

Widjaja, G. and Yani, A. Transaksi Bisnis Internasional:

Ekspor Impor dan Imbal Beli. Raja Grafindo Persada,

Jakarta.

Zaki, R. Pemikiran Hukum, Politik dan Ekonomi

Internasional. Pustaka Saga Publisher, Surabaya.

Zuraya, N. Atasi pandemi prosedur ekspor impor harus

lebih dipermudah, tersedia di. Online), Access on 04

May 2021.

National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) as Indonesian Trade Strategy in ASEAN to Improve National Economic

255