Effect of Heating Light on Lamps to the Behaviour of Tilapia

Seedlings Sourced from Solar Panels

I Gede Suputra Widharma

, I Gde Nyoman Sangka

, I Nengah Sunaya

, I Made Sajayasa

I Ketut Darminta

and A. A. M. Dewi Anggreni

Electrical Department, Bali State Polytechnic, Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Heating Light, Halogen Lamp, Tilapia Seedlings, Solar Panels.

Abstract: Fish like many living organisms have specific tolerant range of various environmental parameters, thus fish

larvae ponds of specific types of fish species requires certain conditions that have to be reach. People that

work in the fish larvae ponds have to be engaged in all day activities to maintain the living fish larvae habitat.

One important parameter for fish larvae ponds is temperature. Larvae that have hatched should be raise in a

special place. Stocking density for maintenance of 50-100 larvae/m2. To avoid the cold weather occurs,

warming can be do with halogen lamps. Solar Energy is produced by the Sunlight is a non-vanishing

renewable source of energy which is free from ecofriendly. The highest intensity of sunlight occurs at 11.00-

14.00 with the value of the intensity of sunlight is 90100-112500 lumens. Based on condition and calculation,

the fish larvae pond need 4 solar panels, 2 batteries, and 4 halogen lamps. Monitoring and taking actions to

maintain the habitat’s sustainable environment to certain larvae inside of ponds. Halogen lamps give the

warmth to the water with the intensity of the light in cash about 1.2

C increase every minutes. It is using a

thermostat to keep the water temperature as needed by the fish larvae about 27

C until 30

C all night.

1 INTRODUCTION

Electrical energy is now increasingly depleted, for

that we must use electrical energy efficiently. In the

world, especially in Indonesia, the government has

suggested that people can save electricity. Today,

many experts have discovered a variety of electric

power generation equipment. One of the optimal tools

in Indonesia is the Solar Panel. Solar panels work to

convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. Solar

Panel is a device consisting of solar cells, batteries

charger and batteries that convert light into

electricity. Solar panels produce direct current or DC.

To use household appliances that have alternating

current or AC, a converter (a DC to AC current

converter) is needed. (Wisely, 1982). If solar panels

are developed in Indonesia, which has the advantage

of getting sunshine all year round, and in remote areas

that are difficult to reach by power station is very

suitable. (Roy, 1981)

Solar panels are also an environmentally friendly

alternative energy. If 1 unit of solar cells is for

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-545X

electricity during the day and 1 unit is for storing

electricity at night, of course we can save quite a lot

of electricity. (Sayigh, 1999)

This stored electrical energy can be used for

lighting at night and provide heat to the water like a

fish larvae ponds. (Zhu, 1998). The fish larvae that

have hatched, should be raised in a special place.

Transplants are carried out after the larvae are 5-7

days old. Larvae rearing tanks can be in the form of

walls, aquariums, plastic containers. (Fuller, 1998).

Stocking density for the maintenance of 50-200

larvae/m2, depending on the type of tub. Give high

protein feed in the form of fine flour measuring 0.2-

0.5 mm. Frequency of feeding 4-5 times a day, each

time as much as 1 teaspoon of flour-shaped feed. The

larval nursery duration ranges from 3-4 weeks, or

until fish larvae measure 2-3 cm. (Ayles, 1981).

Larvae that have reached this size must be

immediately moved to the next nursery tank. Because

the capacity of the larvae is no longer feasible for such

a large fish. The problem is if within 3-4 weeks the

cold weather occurs, the fish larvae will be die. (Plaia,

Widharma, I., Sangka, I., Sunaya, I., Sajayasa, I., Darminta, I. and Anggreni, A.

Effect of Heating Light on Lamps to the Behaviour of Tilapia Seedlings Sourced from Solar Panels.

DOI: 10.5220/0010964200003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 1305-1311

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

1305

1985). Thus the artificial warmers needed to warm

the water in winter. Warming can be done with

heating element or lamp. In this research will be

examined heating with lights, because it has a dual

effect besides warming water, it also functions for

lighting. (Little, 1992). The bright tub will be a trap

like an insect that will be eaten by fish. One of the

sources of heat and light will be obtained from

halogen lamps which will be the part of this research

besides using solar cells (PLTS) as a renewable

energy source. (Duffie, 1991)

Figure 1: Standing alone PLTS system.

Problems that arise are what is the effect of lighting

with halogen lamps to regulate water temperature like

fish larvae? How solar cells (PLTS) as an energy

source can supply power for halogen lamps. (Suputra,

2020).

2 MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

This research is quantitative research. The main

concept of this research is to help fish farmers in

increasing their productivity by utilizing solar light

through solar power plants and halogen lighting. This

research uses halogen lamps lighting process for

larvae in fish ponds with solar cells. PLTS system is

shown in Figure 1 convert light from the sun become

electric energy. PLTS system consist of solar cell,

charge controller, batteries system, and inverter.

Solar cells receive solar radiation in one day

varies greatly. This is because sunlight has a greater

intensity when it is daytime compared to the morning.

To find out the capacity of the generated power,

measurements are made of current (I) and voltage (V)

on the arrangement of solar cells called modules.

2.1 Variable Operational Definitions

The main component that builds PLTS is solar

module, which functions as a transformer of sunlight

energy into electrical energy. This component

converts energy from sunlight into electrical energy.

Solar cells are vital components that are generally

made of semiconductor materials. Multi crystal line

silicon is the most widely used material in the solar

cell industry. Multi crystalline and mono crystalline

silicon produce relatively higher efficiency than

amorphous silicon. While amorphous silicon is used

because of the relatively lower cost. As one measure

of solar cell performance is efficiency, namely the

percentage change of sunlight energy into electrical

energy. The efficiency of solar cells that now

produced varies greatly.

Mono crystalline silicon has an efficiency of

12~15%. Multi crystal line silicon has an efficiency

of 10~13%. Amorphous silicon has an efficiency of

6-9%. With the discovery of a new method, the

efficiency of multi crystalline silicon can reach 16.0%

while mono crystalline can reach more than 17%.

(Abdelhady, 2017). From the curve in Figure 2,

known: Io is the short circuit current, V is the open

circuit voltage, and MPP is the maximum power

point. PMPP, VMPP, and IMPP are the power,

voltage and current at the maximum power point,

respectively. (Duffie, 1991).

Table 1: The parameter of photovoltaic module.

ical electrical

arameters for PV modules

Parameter Unit Value

Peak power (WP) W 100

Power out

ut tolerance W 0

–

Modulo efficienc

% 14.57

Open circuit voltage (V) V 21.6

Max. power

oint voltage V 17.2

Short circuit current

(

)

A 6.2

Max.

ower

oint current

(

A 5.81

Max

ower tem

erature coef. %

-1

-0.406

Short circuit temperature coef. %

-1

+0.057

Open circuit voltage coefficient %

-1

-0.308

Weight kg 9

The use of halogen lamps is standardized as the

main lighting. Of course the light produced by

halogen lamps is brighter and more durable than

ordinary lamps. Halogen lamps are included in the

type of incandescent lamps. The temperature is the

driving factor of all processes that happen in the fish

larvae pond. It’s not only affecting the development

and growth of the plants and other animals in the

pond, but also regulates the oxygen level in the water.

The optimal temperature for tropical fish larvae is

27°C with allowed deviations of 2°C.

Another important factor is further development

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

1306

of the system in terms of adding new sensors that will

improve the fish production and quality (Suputra

Widharma et al., 2020) Every change in the water

level, either raising or lowering, it affects in a great

manner the finishes in the pond and causes suitable

reaction from them. To control all sides of fish larvae

pond, halogen lamps put in each corner of pond.

Energy from halogen lamps will be increase the water

temperature in the night, to keep the water in the fish

larvae pond still warm and comfort for the fish larvae

condition.

2.2 Tested of System

The factor of the operation of solar cells in order to

obtain a very maximum value depending on ambient

air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed blowing,

the earth atmosphere (cloudy, air dust, air vapor,

fogging), orientation of the panels, and the position of

solar cells to the sun.This section must be in one

column. The equipment needed are solar cells 100

WP, thermostat temperature gauge, lux meter, 40W

halogen lamps, solar charge controller MPPT, battery

12V 100Ah, connecting cable, protection panel box,

voltage measurement tool, and some waste bottles to

keep the lamp from water in the fish larvae pond.

Figure 2: I-V and P-V characteristics curve for a PV panel.

Figure 3: Schema of solar cell to the halogen lamps.

2.3 Data Analysis

Data obtained from the test results are processed

quantitatively. To obtain the value of the electric

parameters result by the value of the test voltage,

current, and power. The average value is all

parameter results are summed, then divided by the

amount of data. Explanation of the research flow:

firstly is start doing research that is preparing the

equipment and installing the research equipment,

after the equipment is installed at the solar cell

temperature starting from the temperature condition,

if the temperature setting has not been reached then

the temperature setting can be re-done, then analyzing

the data obtained from measurement results.

Comparing with the growth and development of

larvae in the pond. Solar panels, convert solar energy

into electricity. Solar cell has illuminated by the sun,

making photons that produce electric current. Then

electric current will flow through the line to another.

The factor of the operation of solar cells in order to

obtain maximum value depend on some factors.

2.3.1 Ambient Air Temperature

Solar cells can operate optimally if the cell

temperature remains normal (at 25

C). The

temperature rise is higher than the normal

temperature in the cell decrease the voltage value.

2.3.2 Solar Radiation

Solar radiation on earth and various locations varies,

and depends on circumstances solar spectrum to

earth. Solar insolation will have a lot of effect on

current (I) little bit on voltage (V).

2.3.3 Wind Speed Blowing

Wind speed around the location of the solar cell array

can help cool down surface temperature of solar cell

array glasses.

2.3.4 The State of the Earth's Atmosphere

The atmosphere of the earth is types of particles of air

dust, cloud, smoke, air vapor (Rh), fog and pollution

largely determine the maximum electric current yield

from a row of solar cells.

2.3.5 The Orientation of the Panels or Solar

Cell Array

The optimum orientation of the solar cell series

(array) towards the sun is important that the panels of

Effect of Heating Light on Lamps to the Behaviour of Tilapia Seedlings Sourced from Solar Panels

1307

solar cells can produce maximum energy. Besides the

direction orientation, the tilt angle of the panel solar

cells is also very influential maximum energy yield.

Maintain sunlight from falling onto a solar cell

panel surface perpendicular will get a maximum

energy. If cannot maintain the perpendicularity

between the sunlight and the cell plane solar, then the

extra area of the solar cell panel is needed.

Figure 4 shows that the panels put on the roof one

meter above the land with angle about 20

. Solar

charge controller and battery are stand under it. The

solar charge controller, used to adjust batteries

charging settings, to keep the battery from being

overloaded and under-charged. The battery functions

as a storage of electrical energy that will be fill by

electricity coming from the solar cell system. At the

time of discharge of charge, the direct current from

the battery will be convert into alternating current by

the inverter and then flow to the load.

Figure 4: Solar panel used to energy source.

Halogen lamps with using reusing bottles in the fish

larvae pond to make the water warm. Using waste

bottle of milk and mineral water to cover the lamp

from water.

2.4 Results and Discussion

This problem justify that the power of material is

depend on voltage and current. The value of material

power according to Power Law is voltage time

current as equation below.

P = V x I (1)

∑

o / 12 (2)

Power (P, watt) is voltage (V, volt) times current

(I, ampere). Power (P, watt) is also sum of each

measurement divide by twelve.

I–V readings through the panels were monitored

by four digital multi meter under varying load

resistances applied by two load resistors to have

detailed information about PV panel power output.

Figure 5 shows that schematics of PV module

measurement system. The voltage of solar cells

output measure by using voltage measurement tools

every hour, then continue to determine its power.

Solving the problem justify that the power of

halogen lamp is keep the temperature of water in the

fish larvae pond. Energy (W, joule) is power (P, watt)

every time (t, second). It need to determine how many

the halogen lamps increase the water temperature

after the light temperature meet the water condition.

The energy is from lamps is equal to volume of

water (mass) and temperature change. So, both of

equation below used to know the temperature change

every minutes.

Figure 5: Schematic of PV module measurement system.

Equation (3) is use to find the energy of halogen

lamps every second. Equation (4) is use to find the

temperature change after the energy meet the volume

of water. (Hunt, 1982).

W =

)

W = m. c.

∆

)

2.4.1 Results

Result of daily average measurements of daylight

intensity are shown in the following table. From the

table shows in the afternoon around 11.00 until 14.00

intensity the average high sun is around 90,100 up to

112,500 lumens. When the sky clear, solar intensity

can be maximum. But the solar intensity can be

minimum when the weather has not supported at a

day the sun was covered by clouds. (Provenzano,

1987). Table 2 is recorded based on the value of solar

intensity then the solar panel will change the intensity

become voltage and current.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

1308

Table 2: Average intensity and power.

Figure 6: Curve of polar panel intensity average.

Figure 7: Curve of polar panel intensity average.

The shape of the average intensity of the sun in a

week is determined with ratio the totally of solar

intensity in a week by six [Figure 6] and intensity of

solar in a week is various depend on the weather of

day [Figure 7], then power generated is based on the

intensity of the sun as shown the calculated voltage

and current recorded

2.4.2 Discussion

This research is a step to combine power of halogen

lamp and temperature of fish larvae pond. After

knows how the solar cells can charge the battery

along day, then continue to determine how the

halogen lamp can keep temperature of the fish larvae

ponds constant warm, it’s about 27

until 30

With volume of pond is 4 m x 4 m x 0.5 m water

depth obtain mass (m) is about 8 kg. The halogen

lamp power is 40 W and active every second. Then

all of these parameters used in (2) and (3) to find the

temperature changed.

W = P. t

W = 40. 1

= 40 J (every second)

= 2400 J (every minutes)

This research used four halogen lamps in the fish

larvae pond, so that the energy will be produce four

times every minutes.

W = 2400 x 4

= 9600 J (every minutes)

Then based on this result to get how many

temperature increase every minute.

W = m. c. ∆T

∆T = W / (m. c)

= 9600 / (8 x 1000)

= 1.2

C (increases every minutes)

The fish larvae that have hatched, should be raised

in a special place. Halogen lamps can increase water

temperature in the fish larvae pond about 1.2

(every minutes), and related with the black principle

on the state fluid, if the cold water (the weather at the

night factor) meet the warm water from lamps will

make the equal temperature of water between them in

the fish larvae pond. (Cho, 1998).

The water temperature will be always change

every second. The water temperature that close to the

lamps will be higher than far away from lamps. This

factor make larvae fish more interesting stay near the

lamp at around midnight to the morning (Table 3).

When the bright day, the sun makes water

temperature in the pond is warm with the temperature

more than 27

even more than 30

C. After night, the

water temperature will be decrease until under 27

The lamp will light on and make the water

temperature increase again. Thermostat controls the

Time Intensity (lumen) Power (watt)

07.00 37,900 217.6

08.00 50,100 156.8

09.00 61,100 192.0

10.00 73,800 173.6

11.00 90,100 161.2

12.00 100,300 156.0

13.00 112,500 150.8

14.00 96,800 150.8

15.00 80,700 145.6

16.00 56,500 145.6

17.00 40,600 162.4

18.00 30,000 156.8

Effect of Heating Light on Lamps to the Behaviour of Tilapia Seedlings Sourced from Solar Panels

1309

temperature constant around 27

until 30

C all night

by control the lamp to light on or off.

Table 3: Comparison of measurement period time with

water temperature in ponds and tilapia seedlings condition.

No Time

Temperature

(

Fish condition

1 19.00 27.5 Sprea

2 20.00 27.5 S

rea

3 21.00 27.7 S

read and near lam

4 22.00 28.2 S

read and near lam

5 23.00 28.3 Near lamps

6 24.00 28.6 Near lamps

7 01.00 28.4 Near lam

8 02.00 28.2 Near lam

9 03.00 28.0 S

read and near lam

10 04.00 28.0 Spread and near lamps

12 05.00 28.2 Spread and near lamps

13 06.00 28.4 Sprea

14 07.00 29.5 S

rea

Water Temperature is about 27.5

C at 7 pm after the

lamp was light on. Tilapia seedlings is spread in a

long side pond. From measurement at every hours,

the temperature is constant around the lamp. It made

tilapia seedlings move to near the lamps to get warm

temperature. Based on black principles, calories have

been out is equal to calories have been come. The

temperature is always constant relatively around the

lamps.

3 CONCLUSIONS

Larvae that have hatched, should be raised in a special

place. Stocking density for maintenance of 50-100

larvae/m

. To avoid the cold weather occurs, warming

can be done with halogen lamps. Solar Energy is

produced by the Sunlight is a non-vanishing

renewable source of energy which is free from

friendly. The highest intensity of sunlight occurs at

11.00-14.00 o’clock with the value of the intensity of

sunlight is 96000 lumen-112500 lumen. Based on

condition and calculation, the research needs 4 solar

panels, 2 batteries, and 4 halogen lamps. Halogen

lamps give the warmth to the water with the intensity

of the light in cash about 1.2

C (increase every

minutes), using a thermostat to keep the water

temperature as needed by the fish larvae about around

until 30

C all night. Tilapia seedlings behavior is

stay near the lamps to get warm condition.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is supported by P3M PNB with the

grant of DIPA and all of facilities, students in the

automation and electrical engineering. Also dedicated

to Lotus 21, Karang Asem, JGK, G3 production, PT.

Global International Service (GIS Bali) with startup

Jago Servis, electrical lectures, e-Riders community,

and fish farmers group where the research result

installed and applied.

REFERENCES

Sayigh A. (1999). Renewable energy—the way forward,

Applied Energy, 64:15–30

Wisely, B., Holliday, J.E. and MacDonald, R.E. (1982).

Heating an aquaculture pond with a solar blanket.

Aquaculture, 26, 385-387.

Zhu, S., Deltour, J. and Wang, S. (1998). Modeling the

thermal characteristics of greenhouse pond systems.

Aquacultural Engineering, 18, 3, 201-217.

Roy, G.G. and Miller, S.G. (1981). Data Handbook for

Australian Solar Energy Designers. Research Report

No. 7, School of Architecture, University of Western

Australia.

Plaia, W.C. and Willis, S.A. (1985). A flat-plate solar

collector system for use in aquaculture, The

Progressive Fish-Culturist, 47, 2, 129-132.

Fuller, R.J., Gooley, G. and Guthrie, K. (1998). Modelling

of a low cost solar heating system for warm water

aquaculture. Proc. of Solar '98. Annual Conference of

the Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society,

Christchurch, New Zealand, Nov. 1998.

Little, M.A. (1992). Water temperature simulation and

validation in a solar heated aquaculture pond. Ph.D

Thesis, Univ of Maryland, USA.

Duffie, J. A. and Beckman W. A. (1991). Solar Engineering

of Thermal Processes. 2nd Edition, Wiley-Interscience

Publication, New York.

Suputra Widharma, IG., IN Sunaya, IM Sajayasa, IGN

Sangka. (2020). Building PLTS as Energy Sources for

Heating Fish Pond of Tilapia Seedlings. Vastuwidya, 3,

38-44.

Ayles, G.B., Scott, K.R., Barica, J. and Lark, J.G.I. (1981).

Combination of a solar collector with water

recirculation units in a fish culture operation. Proc.

World Symp. on Aquaculture in Heated Effluents and

Recirculation Systems, Stavanger, 28-30 May, Vol 1,

Berlin.

S. Abdelhady, M. S. Abd-Elhady, M. M. Fouad. (2017). An

Understanding of The Operation of Silicon

Photovoltaic Panels. Egy. Energy Procedia, 113, 466 –

475.

V. D. Hunt. (1982). Solar Energy Dictionary. Industrial,

New York.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

1310

Provenzano, A.J. and Winfield, J.G. (1987). Performance

of a recirculated fish production system stocked with

tilapia hybrids. Aqua cultural Engineering, 6, 15-26.

Cho, C.Y. and Bureau, D.P. (1998). Development of

bioenergetic models and the Fish-PrFEQ software to

estimate production, feeding ration and waste output in

aquaculture. Aquat. Living Resour., 11, 4, 199-210.

J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckman. (1991). Solar Energy

Thermal Processes. Wiley, New York.

Effect of Heating Light on Lamps to the Behaviour of Tilapia Seedlings Sourced from Solar Panels

1311