Design and Construction of Gazebo
Febriane Paulina Makalew, Rilya Rumbayan, Helen Grace Mantiri
and Deyke Yunita Femely Mandang
Manado State Polytechnic, Department of Civil Engineering, Manado, Indonesia
Keywords: Gazebo, Coconut Timber, Construction, Small Building.
Abstract: Gazebo is functioning as a temporary place for the user to do the different activities as well as enjoy the
outdoor area. The location of the gazebo is including a public park, campus, school, tourism area, private
areas such as a house, restaurant, and other public areas. Define the characteristic of the gazebo through its
type, function, and material is the aim of this research. Data is collected by survey and literature study. Data
is recorded through the photo of the design and construction of the gazebo. They are listed based on principle
design and standard of wood as construction and proposed design is developed with computer program Auto
CAD. Results show that type and function of the gazebo is vary as well as material use. The use of coconut
timber for the gazebo structure is interesting due to its unique pattern and possible design and joint system.
Yet, the quality of coconut wood needs to be maintained to avoid damage and change of appearance. Further
research needs to develop local material and local design.
1 INTRODUCTION
The gazebo is the facility for a temporary place to rest
and do activities in an open area. Design and
construction of gazebo are varied with mostly
consideration of using local material including
different types of wood such as coconut timber.
Research on timber as a construction material has
been done in terms of the development of coconut
timber and other types of timber and its design
(Makalew et al, 2015, 2020., Runtunuwu et al, 2015,
Rumbayan et al, 2019).
Gazebo as a small-scale building with direct intact
to the outdoor area such as garden park requires
adequate construction system as well as comfortable
and interesting design for user. It also needs to protect
the user from the impact of bad weather. The material
used should be resistant to the natural condition. The
texture of the material can improve the quality of the
design gazebo. The pattern of timber construction can
also enrich the appearance of the gazebo.
To improve the use of local material, local design,
and local wisdom there is a need to research the
design and construction of the gazebo.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Research relates to the production of coconut timber
considering rules and industry coordination (Sodangi
et al, 2020). The adaptation of using coconut timber
as green environmentally friendly material should be
considered in the management of its quality (ibid).
The type of timber for gazebo including jati wood,
coconut timber, trembesi wood, and merbau wood
(Hafif, 2016). Moreover, non-structural parts such as
columns, floor, and walls can use coconut timber
(Kusyanto, 2015).
The location of gazebo based on standards are in
the area such as playing park, urban settlement and
business area (BSN, 2004). Infrastructure for a
housing area, urban settlement, and public area need
to consider standards available including standard of
neighborhood planning on housing in the urban area
(BSN, 2004). The facility of the gazebo should be
accessed easily by the public. Criteria in providing
facility are related to connection, access, safety,
comfortable and clearness (Permen PR, 2012).
Pedestrian movement, the space need, and facility for
housing areas and urban settlement areas should be a
priority in places with a large number of the user
(Makalew et al, 2017., 2018., 2019, Makalew 2020).
Makalew, F., Rumbayan, R., Mantiri, H. and Mandang, D.
Design and Construction of Gazebo.
DOI: 10.5220/0010956800003260
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 927-934
ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246
Copyright
c
 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
927

The example of Planning and design of gazebo is
a gazebo for a university student activity to study. The
materials used for a gazebo are concrete and natural
stone (Dewi, 2017). Research on seating area for a
gazebo is considered ergonomic aspect due to factor
of comfortable in using it (Putri et al, 2021). Design
for small-scale buildings with coconut timber is
considered the design of railing (Makalew et al,
2015). The type of railing including cross railing,
perpendicular railing, railing with 5 cm wide wood
and combine railing (Makalew et al, 2015). The use
of polyurethane in the finishing of coconut timber can
improve the texture (Phebryanti, 2015).
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The research method is survey and literature study.
Data is recorded through the photo of the gazebo
particularly design and material use. The design and
construction of the gazebo are listed based on
principle design and standard of wood as
construction. Design is developed with the alternative
design using AutoCAD and supported program
design.
The gazebo can be divided into different types based
on its function and place such as park gazebo, campus
gazebo, and village gazebo. The design concept of the
gazebo based on the literature review can be seen in
Table 1.
Table 1: Design Concept of Gazebo.
Type of Gazebo Design Concept Source
Park Gazebo Anthropometry
Dimension
based on human
movement and
space average
distance
Natural material
Shape
Pahlaw
an et al
(2020)
continued Semiotic
traditional
Sunda house:
Djulang Ngapak
Campus Gazebo
Design gazebo
Structure
concrete K-225
Reinforce D10
and dia 14
Stone ornament
Dewi
(2017)
Type of Gazebo Design Concept Source
Village Gazebo
Observation and
Community
service approach
Farming rest
area
Rahma
wati et
al
(2020)
Restaurant gazebo
Local material
coconut timber
Makale
w et al
(2015)
Survey on places with the facility of gazebo show
different type, function, design and material use. The
area with a gazebo including public places such as
beaches, streets, and public buildings. The gazebo can
also be found in the front area of the restaurant, hotel,
and private house. The function and design of the
gazebo can be seen in Table 2
Table 2: Function and Design of Gazebo.
Picture Function Material &
Design
Concept
Location:
Denpasar, Bali (2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Lobby
Elevated
floor
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Wood
Traditional
design
Location:
Denpasar, Bali (2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Lobby
Seating area
with a set of
quest chair
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Wood and
concrete
Different
color use
Traditional
design
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Picture Function Material &
Design
Concept
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Lobby
Elevated
floor
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Wood and
concrete
Traditional
design
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Elevated
floor
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Coconut
Timber
and
concrete
Traditional
design
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Elevated
floor
New
construction
at the
gazebo
production
factory
Wood
Traditional
design
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Entrance of
place
Elevated
floor
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Wood
Traditional
design
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Rest area for
the visitor at
the beach
Highly used
and well
maintenance
Wood
Traditional
design
Floorplan:
square
Picture Function Material &
Design
Concept
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Elevated
floor
New
construction
at the
gazebo
production
factory
Jati Wood
Develop
traditional
and
modern
design
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Can be used
as a private
space
Elevated
floor
New
construction
at the
gazebo
production
factory
Wood
Develop
traditional
and
modern
design
The roof
for paddy
storage
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Waiting
area for
visitor
Metal
Modern
design
Floorplan:
square
Location: Denpasar, Bali
(2021)
Seating and
leisure place
for visitor
Highly use
and well
maintenance
Metal with
traditional
material
for roof
Floorplan:
circle
Design and Construction of Gazebo
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Picture Function Material &
Design
Concept
Location: Private house,
Manado (2021)
Rest and
home
activity
Well
maintenance
Wood
Traditional
design
Floorplan:
square
Short wall
with part
of the
railing
Location: Private house,
Manado (2021)
Rest and
home
activity
Well
maintenance
Wood
Traditional
design
Floorplan:
hexagon
Railing
with
pattern
Location: Tasik Ria
Resort Minahasa (2019)
Visitor rest
area
Well
maintenance
Coconut
Timber for
structure
and
rumbia
roof
Traditional
design
Gazebo as a small-scale building is a potential
area for user activity in the open area. The design and
construction have been developed with many of them
are highly used. The standard for small-scale
buildings is limited. The exploration of the character
of design and construction of gazebo based on a
literature study and the survey on different public and
private places. Define its characteristic can help
improve the quality of design and construction. The
evaluation of the gazebo in terms of its characters can
be seen in Table 3.
Table 3: Characteristic of Gazebo.
Characteristics Potential
Design
Potential
Construction
Multi-function With or without
boundary,
facility for any
activity
Construction with
or without wall
or railing
Adequate space
for user
Facility seating
area
Comfortable
and adequate
space
Separate or part
of the main
structure
Traditional and
modern design
Different
design, mix
design,
different
floorplan shape
The pattern in-
wall and railing
Strong material Compact
design
Material
resistance for the
impact of
excessive
weather
Local material Texture and
color from a
natural
material
Coconut timber
The proposed design and construction for the
gazebo is developed in considering the type, function,
material use, and detail design. The proposed gazebo
design and construction can be seen in table 4.
Table 4: Proposed Design and construction of Gazebo.
Floor Plan and Front
Elevation
Design and
Construction
Square type of floor plan
Open plan design with
the foundation from
concrete
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Floor Plan and Front
Elevation
Design and
Construction
Square type of floor plan
Railing along three sides
Combine cross and
square joint system on
the railing
Square type of floor plan
Railing along three
sides
Elevated floor plan
Hexagon type of floor
plan
Railing along seven
sides
Combine half wall as
railing and railing with
square joint system
The use of coconut timber as material for small
types of building such as gazebos is wide including
part of the structure and construction. The
characteristic of coconut timber based on the survey
on a selected object including the quality of the wood
pattern, joint system, and its treatment can be seen in
Table 5.
Table 5: Construction design of Gazebo.
Picture Of Coconut Timber
Construction And Joint System
Possibility of
Construction
Design
Join with other
material, other
wood types, light
steel
The joint system
with screw nail
Different size joint
for alternative
design
Different size joint
for alternative
design
Cross joint system
for alternative
construction system
Design and Construction of Gazebo
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Picture Of Coconut Timber
Construction And Joint System
Possibility of
Construction
Design
Curve cutting for
alternative design
Pattern joint system
for alternative
design
Coconut timber, on the other hand, needs to be
treated and maintained well in its construction such
as joint system and weather impact. The quality of
coconut timber can be degraded which influences the
strength and appearance of the gazebo. Based on the
evaluation of the joint system and surface
performance of coconut wood, the change due to the
impact of the surrounding environment can be seen in
Table 6.
Table 6: Evaluation of Damage of coconut wood.
Picture of coconut
timber use
Evaluation Damage on
Construction System
Break due to nail
system
Break due to nail
system
Picture of coconut timber use
Evaluation Damage on
Construction System
Break due to joint
system
Break due to joint
system with different
wood type
Break due to moist on
material
Moss on the surface
due to humid gradually
Uneven surface due to
movement joint
Break at joint system
with nail
iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science
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Picture of coconut
timber use
Evaluation Damage on
Construction System
Complex damage due
to moist surface
Change the color of the
surface
Break and moss near
joint system due to
complex impact
Change surface color
due to higher use
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the preliminary study on the design and
construction of a gazebo, there are different types of
gazebos including the gazebo for the garden park,
campus gazebo, village gazebo, private gazebo,
entrance gazebo, and lobby gazebo. The material used
for the gazebo is varied such as wood, coconut timber,
metal. The design approach for gazebo including
modern design and traditional design. The use of
coconut timber for the gazebo can create an
interesting design due to its unique pattern and the
possibility of a joint system. However, the impact of
the surrounding area on coconut timber requires
treatment to maintain its quality. Development of
gazebo in design and construction should be a further
study in considering of local potential.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is funded by the Center for Research
and Community Service Unit Manado State
Polytechnic under the scheme of Study Program
Priority Research 2021
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