Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Cloud Resource for

the Calculation of Air

Sergei Panov

, Konstantin Manchenko

and Nataliya Mamaeva

K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossak University, Omsk, Russia

Military Academy of Logistics named after General of the Army A. V. Khruleva, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Cloud Computing, Heat Transfer, Gas Compression, Air Cooler, Fan, Fins.

Abstract: One of the components of the Industry 4.0 concept is the use of cloud computing in the production processes

of enterprises such as "smart factory". The strategy for the development of the chemical and petrochemical

complex for the period up to 2030 provides for state support of enterprises for the purpose of updating and

expanding capacities, implementing innovative developments, conducting research and development work to

introduce innovative developments. The paper presents the development of a cloud service concept for

calculating air coolers in the technological processes of the chemical and petrochemical industry. Air coolers

are one of the most important elements of many chemical and petrochemical processes, and the development

of software for calculating the characteristics continues to be an urgent task.

1 INTRODUCTION

The strategic objectives of the growth of the Russian

economy cannot be solved without the use of modern

information technologies. At the same time, the

construction of new manufacturing enterprises and

the modernization of existing ones should be based

on the integrated optimization of production business

processes through the implementation of the

principles of Industry 4.0, which imply a wide

digitalization of production, the use of Internet

technologies, including the industrial Internet of

things, cloud computing (Guryanov, 2018).

The strategy for the development of the chemical

and petrochemical complex of Russia (Strategy,

2013) defines targets for the modernization of

technological equipment for the transportation of gas

and oil resources, ensuring an increase in efficiency

and environmental friendliness.

Air coolers (AVO) are widely used, since they are

used in chemical production processes: ammonia,

methanol, nitric and sulfuric acid, organochlorine

products, in petrochemical production processes:

styrene, ethanol, polypropylene, acetaldehyde,

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caprolactam, motor and diesel fuels, cracking and

reforming hydrocarbons.

AVOs have a number of advantages over other

types of heat exchangers: they do not require

preliminary preparation of heat carriers, are reliable

in operation, environmentally friendly, and have

simple connection schemes. (Sidyagin, 2009).

In (Khalismatov, 2016), it is concluded that the

demand for further expanded use of AVO in the

coming decades will increase with increasing

requirements for increasing reliability and improving

technical and economic indicators.

The most relevant, at present, is the use of AVO

at booster compressor stations for the purpose of

cooling natural gas, booster compressor stations (CS)

ensure the maintenance of the required gas pressure

in the main gas pipelines (MG).

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the use of air coolers

when completing them in gas cooling units during gas

transportation (Kalinin, 2018).

Compression of gas at the compressor station

causes an increase in its temperature at the outlet of

the station, and not using cooling devices leads to a

decrease in the efficiency of transportation due to a

decrease in the supply of process gas and an increase

Panov, S., Manchenko, K. and Mamaeva, N.

Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Cloud Resource for the Calculation of Air.

DOI: 10.5220/0010664000003223

In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientiﬁc Forum on Sustainable Development of Socio-economic Systems (WFSDS 2021), pages 68-71

ISBN: 978-989-758-597-5

in energy consumption for its compression, and also

to a deterioration in the state of the gas pipeline. The

relevance of the use of gas compression increases

with the time of well operation, as the reservoir

pressure decreases and the need to increase the degree

of compression (Kichatov, 2012).

Figure 1: Diagram of AVO application (1).

The level of gas cooling utilization depends on the

climatic features of the location of the gas pipelines.

In hot and dry climates, the cooling efficiency is

reduced and water spray is used to equalize

temperatures. In (Alhazmy, 2004), the results of a

study of the application of water atomization and air

cooling of gas are presented, studies have shown that

water atomization increases the efficiency of gas

cooling.

For cold conditions, taking into account the fact

that the routes pass in the zone of frozen soils,

lowering the gas temperature to the soil temperature

allows maintaining the stability of the linear part of

the gas pipeline and increasing its reliability

(Sidyagin, 2009).

In the general case, for enterprises using AVO, the

efficiency of the final technological process is

reduced to the management of integral economic

efficiency (Chekardovsky, 2015). The task of

managing the integral economic efficiency, in turn, is

decomposed into the tasks of managing the structural

efficiency of the air cooling system, the thermal

efficiency and the efficiency of automated control.

The quantitative indicator of thermal efficiency is

the heat transfer coefficient of the air cooling system,

and the optimization task is its maximization. The

search for a solution to the problem of maximizing

thermal efficiency is directed towards the

development of new designs of apparatus

(Balchugov, 2019), the modernization of air cooling

elements, for example, finned tubes (Kalinin, 2018),

optimization of the fan control (Pashkin, 2019).

The quantitative indicator of the structural

efficiency is the material costs for the manufacture of

AVO, and the optimization task is its minimization.

The solution of the problems of optimization of

apparatus designs has now led to block AVO

(Sidyagin, 2009), which allows consumers to form

designs according to the needs of the technological

process.

The tasks to be solved when assessing thermal

efficiency are reduced to the calculation:

 the actual thermal characteristics of AVO;

 the actual hydraulic characteristics of the AVO;

 the actual aerodynamic characteristics of AVO

Tasks to be solved in the automation of AVO

control:

 operational calculation of characteristics

(thermal, hydraulic, aerodynamic) depending

on the operating conditions (changing the

characteristics of the AVO and taking into

account changes in the environment).

(Wanchin, 2014).

Thus, the analysis of the research carried out in

the field of cooling chemical processes using ABO

showed the exhaustion of traditional approaches to

increasing the integral economic efficiency and the

need to develop new tools based on the principles of

Industry 4.0.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

To develop conceptual approaches to the

implementation of calculation procedures for the

integral economic efficiency of air coolers on cloud

platforms, it is necessary to consider various model

representations of a given physical object.

When constructing conceptual approaches and

analyzing model representations, methods of

information technology, case technologies, methods

of database design, methods of comparative analysis,

programming in php, using the markup language

html, css tables were used.

Physical model of AVO. An air cooler is a special

type of heat exchanger, which includes the following

main components and assemblies: sections of finned

heat exchange tubes of various lengths (from 3 to 12

m), electric fans, diffusers and louvers for adjusting

the air capacity, supporting structures, control

mechanisms, etc. control automation tools

(Migachev, 2015).

AVO mathematical models. Mathematical models

of heat exchange processes in air coolers in the

general case (Hartman, 2006) are represented by

nonlinear differential equations, the solutions of

which, under various assumptions, are analytical

expressions for calculating thermal efficiency.

Another approach to constructing mathematical

models is to construct empirical expressions based on

experimental data using procedures for identifying

the parameters of these models (Kryukov, 2017).

The use of adequate mathematical models for the

verification calculation of AVO is especially

important in the development of energy and resource-

saving measures, since the overestimation of the

Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Cloud Resource for the Calculation of Air

calculation results when determining the operating

and design parameters leads to large safety factors

and a decrease in the indicators of the technological

process for energy and resource saving (Gartman,

2006).

Computational models. For the first time, the

calculation of the thermal efficiency of AVO was

developed in the VNIINEFTEMASH methodology

(Abrosimov, 1971).

Currently, other calculation methods have

appeared, such as the calculations of TyumGNGU,

TyumGASU and others. In (Cherdakovsky, 2015), a

comparison was made of various methods for

calculating the thermal efficiency of an air cooler.

There are also various approaches to modeling

and calculating efficiency using universal software

systems (Liu, 2020; Faizov, 2016).

The described computational models have

different computational accuracy, levels of

approximation and the main drawback  the lack of

open access to these models, which does not allow an

objective choice of the computational procedure

under operating conditions.

Information model. The information model

includes a set of parameters necessary for calculating

the integral efficiency of the AVO. Figure 2 shows a

diagram of the information model, which is

extensible if additional parameters appear.

Figure 2: Information Model Diagram.

Thus, the dominant element of the ABO model

representations are computational models, the

implication of which is software.

Analysis of the software presented in the works

showed the similarity of approaches to its

functionality. As a rule, software (SW) is either a

separate application that implements one of the

methods for calculating one of the above-mentioned

AVO efficiencies (Terekhin, A.V., 2020). Such an

application is installed on a local computer and used

for personal access.

In other cases (Kruglikov, 2010), the software is a

set of programs that allows using the programs of the

complex as modules in the calculations of other

equipment.

The formulation of the problem of increasing the

efficiency of the entire gas industry, which has been

accumulated in Gazprom, requires the accumulation

of all computational models and software

implementations on cloud resources.

At the same time, the use of cloud resources is

understood as a network service that provides

services for solving problems of calculating and

controlling air cooling and other related equipment

when cooling gas without purchasing software

3 RESULTS

When investigating the issue of cloud computing,

first of all, the issues of practical applications were

considered. In particular, of the already implemented

Internet services, it should be noted the works

(Ochkov, 2011), which can be integrated into the

designed cloud platform as components of a common

service.

Figure 3 shows the conceptual structure of a cloud

platform. The core of the platform is a unified

information space implemented as a data warehouse.

Figure 3: Conceptual structure of the cloud platform for

calculating the integral efficiency of AVO.

The structure of the data warehouse is based on

the information model shown in Figure. 2.

Calculations that Consumers can perform (Figure.

3) are based on computational models implemented

in the form of software by the Software Developers.

WFSDS 2021 - INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The interaction of Consumers and Developers

with a single information space is carried out through

a standardized interface. This makes it possible for

corporate Consumers to collaborate on a network, in

the further implementation of crowd-computing

(Smirnov, 2017).

4 SUMMATION

Creation of a cloud resource for calculation,

modeling, design is advisable.

The first stage in the creation of a cloud resource

is the development of a SaaS Internet service for

calculation procedures of standard computational

methods for the AVO produced.

The second stage of creating a cloud resource is

the development of a cloud platform in the concept of

a PaaS service.

Creation of a cloud platform is expedient in the

form of a private cloud (Mezhueva T.A.) within the

framework of the creation of domestic data centers.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The creation of a cloud resource for calculating the

integral efficiency of air coolers is an urgent task. The

paper considers a conceptual approach to solving this

problem, identifies ways to create a unified

information space, which stores both the parameters

of various types of devices and local databases for

users of a cloud resource.

Significant work is needed to verify the

calculation methods, unify the parameters included in

the computational algorithms.

In many techniques, they are used to set certain

parameters - nomograms, which are built only for

certain values, in many cases these are experimentally

constructed nomograms, for cloud computing it is

necessary to digitize nomograms, which in itself is

quite laborious and not an easy task.

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Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Cloud Resource for the Calculation of Air