The Effect of Training Methods and Coordination on Football Skill

of 14 – 15 Year Old SSB Baturetno’s Players

Ricki Agusman

, Suharjana

Science Studies Program ,School of Postgraduates, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Block practice, series practice, coordination, basic football skill

Abstract: The objectives of the study are to find out (1) the difference of the effects between block practice method

and series practice method on football skill; (2) the difference between high coordination and low

coordination in football skill; and, (3) the relationship between methods (block practice and series practice)

and coordination (high and low) in football skill. The method used in this study is 2 x 2 experimental

design. The samples of the research are 20 players, taken randomly from the population. The coordination

instrument is Soccer Wall Volley Test, a soccer skill proficiency test developed by David Lee. The result of

ANAVA data analysis is 0,05. The results of the study are (1) there is a significant difference between the

effects of block practice method and series practice method on football skill. Block practice method gives a

better result than series practice method; (2) there is a significant difference between the effect of high

coordination and low coordination in football skill. High coordination gives better result than low

coordination; (3) there is a significant relationship between method (block practice and series practice) and

coordination (high and low) in football skill.

1 INTRODUCTION

It is important for football player to master the basic

skill of football. Mastering the basic skill is a vital

requirement for each player so that they can give

their best performance. Soccer skills such as

shooting, passing and ball control are very important

in the development of soccer players so that they can

handle any kind of situation in the real game

(Hujigen, Gemser, Post & Visscher, p.2010).

Meanwhile, a player who has poor skill is

probably caused by both internal and external

factors. Internal factors are any factors that come

from within the player itself, or other kind of skills

that differentiate one player from the other. One of

internal factors is coordination skill. Tessitore,

Perroni, Cortis, Meeusen, Lupo & Capranica (2011)

state that during a soccer match, players perform

several dynamic movements (i.e., kicks, sprints,

tackling, jumps), which require high strength and

power of leg muscles, proper timing, and transfer of

energy between segments. Much research has

stressed the importance of fine multijoint control to

improve soccer performance, suggesting that neural

coordination should be trained to improve the

player’s abilities.

The level of an athlete’s eye-feet coordination

skill can affect the output of the training. Therefore,

it takes serious and continual training to improve an

athlete’s basic football skill and technique. This is in

line with what Tiu, Salipot, Maquiraya, Burkley,

Castaneda & Gomez (2012, p.412) state, that eye-

feet coordination is the most important thing in

football. Ding & Feng (2014) add to this statement

that agility and coordination is also important.

Agility and coordination are combination of

strength, endurance, speed, and flexibility and they

have direct impact on players’ skill and performance

on the field.

Based on the early observation and interview

with SSB Baturetno Bantul’s coach, all the players

were very discipline on carrying their tasks

according to their positions and able to cooperate

well. However, on the other hand, their controll

skills were still poor, their passing technique were

slow and not precise. The success rate of their

passing is only 40% out of the total passing that

were done during observation. Their shooting skills

were also poor with low acuracy, and their ball

control and dribbling were not flexible and smooth.

The data from the last game shows that out of 12

shoot attempts, only 4 of them were accurate and

Agusman, R. and , S.

The Effect of Training Methods and Coordination on Football Skill of 14 – 15 Year Old SSB Baturetno’s Players.

DOI: 10.5220/0009789905210525

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 521-525

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

521

only 2 of them made points. If we see it from

psychological perspective, we could see that the

players’ mentalities were not ready for the game as

shown throughout the game. There are other factors

that affect 14-15 year old SSB Baturetno players’

performance; the training methods applied by the

coach were not varied and less attractive to SSB

Baturetno players, resulting in the lack of skill

acquired by the players. We have learned that

practice method and coordination are vital in

football, so the coach is expected to conduct fun and

joyful training for the players which facilitate them

to progress. In this case, researcher is interested to

find out if there is any effect of practice method and

coordination on football skill of SSB Baturetno

players aged 14-15.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

2.1 Type of Research

This research uses 2x2 experimental design as the

research design. According to Arikunto (2010: 207),

experimental research is a research that is meant to

find out if there is an effect of something that is done

to a research subject. The research design can be

seen in Table 1:

Table 1. Factorial Research Design

Training method

(A)

Coordination (B)

Block

Practice

(A1)

Series

Practice

(A2)

(

)

A1. B1 A2. B1

Low (B2) A1. B2 A2. B2

Annotation:

A1B1 : Athletes trained with block practice

method and high coordination.

A2B1 : Athletes trained with series practic

method and high coordination.

A1B2 : Athletes trained with block practice

method and low coordination.

A2B2 : Athletes trained with series practice

method and low coordination.

2.2 Population and Samples of the

Reaserch

The population of this research is 38 SSB

Baturetno’s players. Their coordination skills were

tested using Soccer Wall Volley Test. This test is to

find out the players’ level of eye-feet coordination

skill. Then, based on their rank, the players were

divided into two groups: upper group and lower

group.

Based on the division, the researcher decided that

there are 27% of the population who are in the upper

group and 27% of the population were in the lower

group (Miller, 2008, p.68), which means that there

are 10 players with high eye-feet coordination and

10 players with low coordination. Then, these data

were separated into two groups through ordinal

pairing and the result is that there are 5 players from

each group who had high eye-feet coordination skill.

They were given block practice method and series

practice method, and the same things were done to

players who had low eye-feet coordination skill.

Furthermore, each group was given a pretest using

football skill test instrument before given the

treatments.

2.3 Data Instrument and Data

Collection Technique

The instrument used to assess the eye-feet

coordinaton skill in this reasearch is Soccer Wall

Volley Test. This test is a standard test with high

reliability (ICC = 0,97) in the context of assessing a

football player’s skill and acuracy of kicking a ball

(Daneshjoo, Mokhtar, Rahnama & Yusof, 2013,

p.492). The instrument used to assess the football

skill is the “David Lee” improvement test. This test

has 0.484 of validity and 0,942 of reliabillity

(Irianto, 2010, p.152 – 156).

2.4 Data Analysis Technique

To test the hypothesis, the researcher used ANAVA

two-way, and if a relationship is found, then a

further test would be done with Tukey. The results

are analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for Windows

with 5% or 0,05 of significance rate.

3 RESULTS

The results of the hypothesis testing will be

presented by following these order: (a) the

difference on the effect between block practice

method and series practice method on training to

improve the basic football skill; (b) the difference

between the effect of high eye-feet coordination skill

and low eye-feet coordination skill to the basic

football skill; and (c) the relationship between

practice method (block practice and series practice)

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

522

and coordination level to the improvement of basic

football skill.

The description of the pretest and posttest of the

players’ basic skill is provided in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Statistical Descriptive of the Pretest and Posttest

of the Basic Football Skill

Group Statistic Pretest Posttest

(A1B1)

Total 212.96 203.96

Avera

e 42.5920 40.7920

SD .82950 .57050

(A1B2)

Total 217.05 214.25

Average 43.4100 42.8500

SD .22170 .40762

(A2B1)

Total 213.62 213.35

Avera

e 42.7240 42.6700

SD .84515 .38891

(A2B2)

Total 217.17 212.91

Average 43.4340 42.5820

SD .18636 .46219

3.1 Precondition Test’s Results

3.1.1 Normality Test

The normality test uses Kolmogorov Smirnov’s

method. The data normality test given to each group

is analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for Windows

with 5% or 0,05 of significance rate. The summary

of the data is provided in Table 3 below:

Table 3. Normality Test

Data

Description

Pretest

A1B1 0,977

ormal

A2B1 0,902

ormal

A1B2 0,934

ormal

A2B2 0,703

ormal

Posttest

A1B1 0,740

ormal

A2B1 0,913

ormal

A1B2 0,740

ormal

A2B2 0,957

ormal

Based on the statistical analysis of the normality

test that was done using Z Kolmogorov Smirnov’s

method, the significance rate of all of the pretest and

posttest data shows p > 0,05, which means that the

data distribution is normal.

3.1.2 Homogeneity Test

The homogeneity test used in this research is the

Levene Test. The results of the homogeneity test is

provided in Table 4 below:

Table 4. Homogeneity Test

Group Sig Description

Pretest-

Posttes

0,291 homogeneous

3.1.3 Hypothesis Testing Results

The research’s hypothesis testing was done based on

data analysis’ research and two-way ANAVA

analitical interpretation. The result of the hypothesis

test is provided in Table 5 below:

Table 5. ANAVA Test

Source Type III

Sum of

Squares

F Sig.

Practice Metho

3.240 15.132 .001

Coordination 4.851 22.656 .000

Practice Method *

Coordination

5.757 26.885 .000

Based on the ANAVA test’s result above, it can

be seen that the p significance is 0,001. Because of p

significance is 0,001 < 0,05, this means that Ho is

rejected. This also means that there is a signifianct

difference on the effect of block practice method and

series practice method on the improvement of the

players’ basic football skill. Based on the analysis

result, the researcher found that block practice

method gives better result than serial practice

method, with 0,805 second in difference. This means

that the hypothesis statement “there is a significant

difference on the effect between training with block

practice method and training with series practice

method to the improvement of the players’ basic

football skill” is proven right.

Moreover, based on the ANAVA test’s result

above, it can be seen that the p significance is 0,000.

Because of p significance 0,000 < 0,05, this means

that Ho is rejected. This also means that there is a

significant difference on the effect of high

coordination skill and low coordination skill in the

improvement of the players’ football skill. Based on

the analysist result, the researcher found that players

with high coordination skill gett higher score than

players with low coordination skill, with 0,985

second of posttest’s average difference. This means

that the hypothesis statement “there is a significant

difference on the effect between high eye-feet

coordination skill and low eye-feet coordination skill

to the improvement of basic football skill” is proven

right.

The Effect of Training Methods and Coordination on Football Skill of 14 – 15 Year Old SSB Baturetno’s Players

523

Furthermore, based on the ANAVA test’s result

above, it can be seen that the p significance is 0,000.

Because of the p significance 0,000 < 0,05, this

means that Ho is rejected. This means that the

hypothesis statement “there is a significant

relationship between practice methods (block

practice and series practice) and eye-feet

coordination skill (high and low) with the

improvement of basic football skill” is proven right.

The diagram that shows the relationship between

practice method (block practice and series practice)

and eye-feet coordination skill (high and low) with

the improvement of basic football skill can be seen

in Figure 1 below:

Figure 1. The Result of the Relationship between Method

(Block Practice and Series Practice) and Eye-Feet

Coordination (High and Low)

Thus, based on the Tukey test’s result, the

asterisk mark (*) shows that the pairs that have

relationship or the pairs that show significant

difference are: (1) A1B1-A2B1, (2) A1B1-A1B2,

and (3) A1B1-A2B2, while the other pairs that do

not share difference on the effect are: (1) A2B1-

A1B2, (2) A2B1-A2B2, and (3) A1B2-A2B2.

3.2 DISCUSSION

3.2.1 The Effect of Block Practice Method

and Series Practice Method on Basic

Football Skill.

Based on the hypothesis testing, it is found that

block practice and series practice method have a

significantly different effect on the improvement of

basic football skill. Block practice method resulted

in a better improvement than series practice method.

This is caused by the fact that block practice method

has lower contextual level, so that athlete can adapt

to the given training. Meanwhile, in the series

practice method, the arrangement of the skill

practice contains more than one skill aspect with

practice arrangement order that is always the same

or consecutive in every practice session.

3.2.2 The Effect of Eye-Feet Coordination

Skill (High and Low) on Basic Football

Skill.

The analysis shows that players with higher eye-feet

coordination level show better basic skill than

players with lower eye-feet coordination level. As

we all know, football is a branch of sports that is

relatively more difficult than other. For example,

football players in the wing position are expected to

be able to do crossing (cross passing) while running

fast or sprinting. Football players who have a really

good coordination can do this technique easily,

while those who have poor coordination will find it

difficult. The main purpose of coordination is to

create a harmonious, rithmic, and complex

movement pattern. Thus, coordination practice is

very important to improve those skills.

Eye-feet coordination is an integration between

eye that holds the main function, which is to spot the

ball and to study the game’s situation when the

player is kicking the ball, and feet that holds the

function of moving or kicking the ball from the

previous spot. This is why a good eye-feet

coordination can result in a good game. We can

judge a player’s level of coordination skill by the

smoothness, acuracy, speed, and efficiency of his or

her movement. An athlete who has a good

coordination will not only perform certain skill

perfectly, but also will master new skill faster and

easier. Having good coordination allows a player to

move quickly from one movement pattern to the

other, so that his or her movement will be more

effective.

3.2.3 The Relationship between Practice

Method (Block Practice and Series

Practice) and Eye-Feet Coordination

Skill (High and Low).

As stated above, there is a significant relationship

between practice method (block practice and series

practice) and eye-feet coordination skill (high and

low) to improve basic football skill. The research

shows that the group of players trained with block

practice method and have higher coordination skill

performed better than those who have lower

coordination skill. This is because block practice

method demands the players to do a series of harder

movement than serial practice method does.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

524

Meanwhile, group of players who have lower

coordination skill are better be trained with series

practice method. This is because the application of

block practice method and series practice method are

different, and the athletes’ level of coordination

skills are also different. Thus, their responses to the

materials given with different practice methods will

show the relationship between block practice

method and series practice method with high level of

coordination skill and low level of coordination skill

on the improvement of football skill.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the research result and data analysis above,

the researcher draws several conclusions. (1) There

is a significant difference between the effect of

block practice method and series practice method on

the improvement of basic football skill. Block

practice method gives better result than series

practice method does. (2) There is a significant

difference between the effect of high level of eye-

feet coordination skill and low level of eye-feet

coordination skill on the improvement of basic

football skill. Athletes who have higher level of eye-

feet coordination skill showed better performance

than those who have lower level of eye-feet

coordination skill. (3) There is a significant

relationship between practice method (block practice

and series practice) and the level of eye-feet

coordination skill (high and low) for the

improvement of basic football skill.

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