The Description of People with Disabilities in Beng

alis District

During 2017-2018 in Riau Province

Syarifah Ivonesti

, Rany Fitriany

, Dewi Lutfianawati

STAIN Bengkalis, Riau Province

University of Putra Indonesia (UPI) YPTK Padang

University of Malahayati Lampung

Keywords: Bengkalis, Disability, Riau Province.

Abstract: Objective: The number of people with disabilities in Riau province and Pekanbaru city increases every year.

Therefore, we need an effort to optimize the potentials of people with disabilities. Disabled people have the

same rights as other people. Method: A descriptive research originated from the data from the Social

Service Office of Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province in 2017 - 2018 found 128 people with disabilities; 69

of them are men and 59 others are women. The types of disability are Physical and Speech Disability, Deaf

or Hearing Impairment, Physical Disabilities such as stump arm(s) and leg(s), Speech Impairment, Physical

Disability due to Paralysis, Physical Disability, and Severe / Double Disability. Conclusion: The

government has several ways or programs to help developing these potentials of people with disabilities.

The supports provided for them are workshop or a garage, workshop equipment, two-wheeled workshop

equipment, daily shop, sewing machines and equipment, wheelchairs, hearing aid, prosthetic limbs,

prosthetic limbs and arms, and basic needs.

1 INTRODUCTION

The number of people with disabilities in Pekanbaru

City recorded in 2016 was 860 people. From the

data above, not all people with disabilities have the

chance to get education or employment. Based on

data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in

Pekanbaru, there are only 36.49% of people with

disabilities who get education and only 45.12% of

whom get jobs. From the number of people with

disabilities who receive education and employment,

it can be seen that there are around 54% of the

number of persons with disabilities in Pekanbaru

City who do not have education and employment

(Vawitrie, 2018). This also happened in Bengkalis,

one of the regencies in Riau province. Some of the

disabilities were speech impaired, deaf, physical

disabilities, multiple disabilities; physical disability

and speech impairment, physical disability with

stumped arm(s) and limb(s), physical disability due

to paralysis and severe disability.

The population of people with disabilities is

quite high. According to WHO, the number of

people with disabilities reaches 15% of the number

of the total population. If the number of the total

population in Indonesia reaches 250 million, then

the population of people with disabilities is around

36 million (Thohari S, dkk, 2018). The number of

people with disabilities is increasing statistically.

The United Nations shows that out of the estimated

500,000 people with disabilities, around 80% of

them live in developing countries. Less than 10%

have access to education, health services and

livelihood opportunities, more than 80% of people

with disabilities are unemployed, and in developing

countries, 75% - 90% people with disabilities live in

poverty. In Indonesia, the number of people with

disabilities is around 0.25% to 10% of the total

population (Setyaningsih, 2016).

According to WHO, a disability is the inability to

carry out certain activities as normal people which

are caused by impairment conditions related to age

and society where a person is located. According to

law number 8 of 2016, persons with disabilities are

those who experience long-term physical,

intellectual, mental or sensory limitations who

interact with the environment and experience

obstacles and difficulties to participate fully and

effectively with citizens of other countries based on

similar rights.

340

Ivonesti, S., Fitriany, R. and Lutﬁanawati, D.

The Description of People with Disabilities in Bengkalis District During 2017-2018 in Riau Province.

DOI: 10.5220/0009766403400344

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Psychology (ICPsy 2019), pages 340-344

ISBN: 978-989-758-448-0

People with disabilities have the same rights as

other people. The rights of persons with disabilities

based on the law no 4 of 1997 affirms that people

with disabilities are part of Indonesian society which

also have the same position, rights, obligations and

roles. They also have equal rights and opportunities

in all aspects of life and livelihood. In article 6, it is

explained that each person with disabilities has the

right to: (a) education in all units, paths, types and

levels of education; (b) decent work and livelihood

according to the type and degree of disability,

education, and ability; (c) the same treatment to play

a role in development and enjoy the results; (d)

accessibility in the framework of its independence;

(e) rehabilitation, social assistance, and maintenance

of social welfare levels; and (f) the same rights to

grow their talents, abilities and social life, especially

for children with disabilities in the family and

community environment.

In fulfilling disability rights, the Social Service

implements a program of assistance for disabilities

such as providing assistance in form of workshops,

two-wheeled workshop equipment, daily shops,

sewing machines and equipment, assistance in the

form of wheelchairs, hearing aid, prosthetic limbs,

fake limbs and basic food.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Disability

Kauffman (2011) disability is an inability to do

something, a diminished capacity to do something, a

diminished capacity to perform ini a specific way

(an impairment); a handicap, however, is a

disadvantage imposed on an individual. Thus, a

disability migh or might not be a handicap,

depending on the circumstances.

According to Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning

people with disabilities, people with disabilities are

every person who experiences physical, intellectual,

mental, and / or sensory limitations for a long time

that in interacting with the environment they can

experience obstacles and difficulties to participate

fully and effectively with other citizens based on

equality of rights.

Disability is a term that means a physical or

mental condition that limits one's movements, senses

or activities (Ashar, 2019). Physical or mental

condition related to body structure; Activity

limitations are difficulties faced by individuals in

carrying out a task or an action; while limiting

participation is a problem experienced by

individuals involved in life situations. Therefore,

disability is not just a health problem, but a complex

phenomenon that reflects the interaction between a

person and the community where he lives. Certain

interventions are needed to remove environmental

and social barriers (Ashar, 2019).

Thus, disability is a condition of people

who experience physical, intellectual, and sensory

limitations for a long time; those who interact with

the environment, those who experience obstacles

and difficulties to participate.

2.2 Types of Disabilities

2.2.1 Deaf (Hearing Impairment)

According to Musyarrafah & Djalal, (2011) Deaf is

a term used to describe the condition of a person

who loses his hearing or the inability of a person to

capture stimuli auditorily through his sense of

hearing (Evitasari, 2015). According to Hallahan,

Kauffman, and Pullen (2009), in terms of age,

deafness is divided into two; congenital deafness

(hearing disabilities that occur at birth, which can be

caused by genetic factors, disorders during fetal

development, and disorders during the birth process)

and adventitious deafness (the inability to hear due

to illness or traumatic events that occur in

individuals without a history of hearing loss at birth)

(Evitasari, 2015).

According to the Ministry of Education, a deaf

person is a person who has lost the ability to hear so

that it inhibits the process of language information

through hearing, whether using or not using hearing

aids to the extent that a person's hearing is sufficient

to enable the successful process of language

information through hearing (Riahta, 2015).

According to Moores (2001), hearing impaired

and deaf are two different conditions. Hearing

impaired is when someone has a hearing loss on a

small scale (at a level of 35 db to 69 dB), so that he

does not experience obstacles in understanding the

conversation of others and can be cured in a certain

period of time by using medical assistance, such as

the use of hearing aids. While, deaf (Morres, 2001)

is a condition when someone loses his hearing on a

large scale or can only receive fragmented sounds

with or without the use of aids, so that he

experiences obstacles in understanding the

explanations of others through his hearing (Riahta,

2015).

The Description of People with Disabilities in Bengkalis District During 2017-2018 in Riau Province

341

2.2.2 Speech Impairement

Wasista (2013) Speech impaired is a condition when

someone has a difficulty in communicating. This can

be caused by the lack of or non-functioning speech

tools, such as the oral cavity, tongue, palate and

vocal cords. In addition, lack of or malfunctioning of

the auditory organs, delay in language development,

damage to the nervous system and muscle structure,

as well as an inability to control motion can also

result in limitations in communication. Among those

individuals who experience communication

difficulties, there are those who cannot communicate

at all; they can make sounds but they do not say

words and some others can communicate but are

unclear (Suyadnya, 2018).

2.2.3 Diffability (People with Physical and

Health Disorders)

Physical disability is a form of abnormality or

disability in the muscular system, supply bones and

nerves caused by viral diseases, and accidents either

it occurs before, at , or after birth (Megasari, 2016;

Adelina, 2018). The level in physical disability can

be grouped into three; mild, moderate and severe.

Disorders or damages can occur before birth

(prenatal phase), at birth (perinatal phase), and after

the birth process (postnatal phase) (Megasari, 2016;

Adelina, 2018).

2.2.4 Multiple Disability

According to the association of severe handicaps

(TASH), multiple disability (Severe disabilities) is

an individual with disabilities of all ages, races,

creeds, national origins, genders and sexual

orientations who require ongoing support in more

than one major life activity in order to participate in

an integrated community and enjoy a quality of life

similar to that available to allitizens. Suppport may

be required for life activities such as mobility,

communication self-care, and learning as necessary

for community living employment and self

sufficiency (Snell & Brown, 2006 in Hallallan, etd,

2009). People who experience severe disability in all

areas usually have more than one disability. The

combination of mild disability can cause severe

education problems. Children with this disorder

usually have problems in terms of speech, language

use and / or limitations in perceptual cognitive and

abnormal behavior. Multiple disabilities include :

blind – deaf people, blind – physically disabled

people, blind – mentally disabled people who can be

trained, blind – mentally disabled people who can be

educated, deaf – physically disabled people, deaf -

mentally disabled people who can be trained, deaf -

mentally disabled people who can be educated,

physically disabled – mentally disabled people who

can be trained, etc (Mangunsong, 2011).

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This is a descriptive research. A descriptive research

originated from the data from the Social Service

Office of Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province in 2017

- 2018 found 128 people with disabilities; 69 of

them are men and 59 others are women. From

assessment with psychology and doctors

examination this data consist of the types of

disability are Physical and Speech Disability, Deaf

or Hearing Impairment, Physical Disabilities such as

stump arm(s) and leg(s), Speech Impairment,

Physical Disability due to Paralysis, Physical

Disability, and Severe / Double Disability.

4 RESULT

Based on the results of the data analysis, the

research findings can be described in detail in the

form of frequency distributions of gender, address.

The following is the description of therespondents

by sex:

Table 1: Characteristics of Samples Based on Gender.

No Gender Number Percentage

(%)

1 Male 69 53.9%

2 Female 59 46.1%

Total 128 100%

Based on the data in the table above, there are

128 people with disabilities in Bengkalis Regency,

with the number of male is higher than female. The

number of people with disabilities are; 69 male, or

53.9% of the total number and 59 female, or 46.1%

of the total number.

ICPsy 2019 - International Conference on Psychology

342

Table 2: Data of the Type of Disability and Percentage.

No Type of Disability Number Percentage

(

)

1 Physical and speech

impairment

(multiple

disabilities)

2 1.6%

2 Deaf 15 11.7%

3 Physical disability

such as arms or

limbs defects

5 3.9%

4 Speech impairment 4 3.1%

5 Physical disability

due to paralysis

41 32.0%

6 Physical disability 12 9.4%

7 Severe disability 49 38.3%

Total 128 100%

Based on data, the percentage of 128 people with

disabilities in Bengkalis Regency are 1,6% or 2

people with physical disabilities and speech

impairment, 15 deaf people, 3.9% or 5 people with

physical disability (legs or arms stump), 32% or 41

people with physical disability due to paralysis,

9,4% or 12 people with physical disabilities, 38,3%

or 49 people with severe or multiple disabilities.

Table 3: Data of the Type of Support.

No Type of Support Total Percentage

(

)

1 Workshops 2 1.6%

2 Two-wheeled

workshop

equipmen

1 0.8%

3 Dail

shops 5 3.9%

4 Sewing machines

and equipmen

4 3.1%

5 Wheel chairs 41 32.0%

6 Hearin

aids 15 11.7%

7 Prosthetic limbs 5 3.9%

8 Prosthetic arms

and limbs

6 4.7%

9 Basic necessity 49 38.3%

Total 128 100%

Based on the data above, the support provided to

2 people (1,6% of the total number of the people

with disabilities) with physical disabilities and

speech impairments received workshop support. 1

person who is deaf (0,8% of the total number of the

people with disabilities), received two-wheeled

workshop equipment. 5 people (3,9% of the total

number of the people with disabilities) with stumped

arms or limbs got daily shops. 4 people (3,1% of the

total number of the people with disabilities) with

speech impairment, received sewing machines and

equipment. 41 people (32% of the total number of

the people with disabilities) with physical disability

because of paralysis got wheelchairs. 15 people

(11,7% of the total number of the people with

disabilities) with hearing impairment received

hearing aids. 5 people (3,9% of the total number of

the people with disabilities) with physical

disabilities received prosthetic limbs. 6 people (4.7%

of the total number of the people with disabilities)

with physical disabilities received prosthetic limbs

and arms. 49 people (38.3% of the total number of

the people with disabilities) with severe or multiple

disabilities received some basic food.

5 CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

1. Based on the data obtained, there was a role

of government in supporting people with

disabilities in the attempts to fulfill the

rights of people with disabilities.

2. There were 128 people with disabilities

found in Bengkalis Regency where the

number of male is more dominant than the

female. There were 69 or 53.9% male and

59 or 46.1% female.

3. The type of support had been adjusted to

the conditions experienced by each person

with disabilities.

4. Based on the data and the types of supports

provided to the people with disabilities,

people with physical disabilities and speech

impairment were given workshop support,

deaf people were given two-wheeled

workshop equipment, physically disabled

people such as stumped legs or hands were

given daily shops, speech impaired people

were given sewing machines and

equipment, people with physical disability

due to paralysis were given wheel chairs,

deaf people were given hearing aid, people

with physical disabilities were given

prosthetic limbs, people with physical

disabilities were given prosthetic limbs and

arms and people with severe or multiple

disabilities were given basic food.

The Description of People with Disabilities in Bengkalis District During 2017-2018 in Riau Province

343

5.2 Recommendation

1. For the Bengkalis Regency government to

maintain the existence of aid programs and

give psychological motivation to people

with disabilities to continue working.

2. To build a cooperation with local

institutions or companies to channel the

work produced by disability.

3. The type of support should be given based

on the talents and interests of people with

disabilities.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This authors gratefully acknowledgment the

contributions Social Service Office of Bengkalis

Regency, Eji Marlina and Syarifah Hidayah.

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