Clinical Psychology Problems of Maturity Period to Adulthood for

Male Students of IAIN Langsa

Iqbal, Mauloeddin Afna

IAIN Langsa

Keywords: Clinical Psychology, Maturity, Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin, Adulthood.

Abstract: This article projected about the clinical psychology problems for male-students of IAIN Langsa about how

they face flourishing into manhood. Their overwhelming testosterone emergences male inclination to be a

male for dominant, egoistic, and flamboyant were examined through questioner from the first year class of

IAIN Psychology team. This article also projected about the abstained of fatherhood roles, the single-mother

to raise their son, and how the institute commitment to rejuvenate the abstained father role and help the

single mother or father to enroll their children. The institute projected the regulation of the Islamic

rejuvenation of cultural identity in teaching man as the concept of humanity caliphates in world, rahmatan

lill ‘alamin. The Islamic vary concepts of education identity about either fostering the people when father or

mother, or both are no longer existences. The article also proposed about the role of an Institution, IAIN

Langsa, accommodates the cultural fostering with Islamic tradition, to help student when they facing the

abstained of parent role models. The Article addressed field research triangulation for connecting directly

with the students with heterogeneous backgrounds. In conclusion, the article propelled about solution for

intangible governments consular institution for university-institute level by inquiring the male students’

clinical psychology problem when they are about starting higher educational institution period.

1 INTRODUCTION

The male students is often in crisis of flourishing

into manhood. With the exposed of traumatic events,

local conflicts, broken-home and involved juvenile

delinquency criminal cases, the crisis post a threats

for life-experiences. The students with clinical

psychology problems emergences mental disorders

for fostering in selection of role model as life-path.

Yet, this lead to the stability of mental and

motivation influenced for broaden field, i.e.

educational, socials, and even personal. Moreover,

the crisis also possess pressures for the students who

miss the role model of parents, the abstained of the

fatherhood. Actually, the students who face this

crisis should be taken on attention to clinical

psychology and education. The attention to resolve

male-students in crisis marks as the socials

responsibility of settling role model for life-skill as

male whom born as leaders.

The Students aged 10 to 19 who belong to teen

groups (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2001) and

UNICEF studies found that there were 1.2 billion

adolescents at that time. The UNICEF study also

found that 80% of these teenagers are in developing

and inhabiting suburbs such as squatters and in areas

of armed conflict and post disaster, (UNICEF,

2002). The adolescents who grown up in high-risk

environment are vulnerable exposed to a variety of

traumatic and violence experiences. Therefore, they

have a high probability of experiencing emotional,

mental health and social disorder (Paglicci, Roberts

et al, 2002). The exposes of traumatic and violence

lead into unresolved crisis and entrapped the

students in unbroken chains link. Mathews (2009) et.

all also highlighted out about the impact of crisis

also involved both personal and social. Indeed, the

crisis also affect to their academic achievements,

lecturer-students relationship, and so on. The

students with clinical psychology problems tend to

destroy themselves. Thus, the tendentious are the

objectives of protections to stay intact

communication as social-relationship goals.

The prime goals of education is to preserve the

human growing up process. This articles projects

about the Islamic education in preserving the male-

students to fulfill their life cycles of adolescent

period. The rejuvenation is a form of conservation,

Iqbal, . and Afna, M.

Clinical Psychology Problems of Maturity Period to Adulthood for Male Students of IAIN Langsa.

DOI: 10.5220/0009440701810188

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Psychology (ICPsy 2019), pages 181-188

ISBN: 978-989-758-448-0

181

which expects changes and restored in behavior,

attitudes and ways of thinking, especially those

related to managing natural resources and

ecosystems (Setiono, 2011. 2). The process for a

male to be an alpha, the decision taker, leader, and

so on. In Islam, the nature of human, called as fitrah.

The concept of education is generated on the role

models of being Male. Moreover, the concepts also

marks as the former prominent systems for fulfilling

the abstained of parents. The article also projected

about the institution milestone as social recognition

for preserving and protecting young generation,

then, support their role as Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin

concepts.

The concepts of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin in Islamic

tradition is the filtration and catalyst in parallel of

moral standing. The humanity filtration of fitrah to

being aware of external environments with respects.

It develop human fitrah as human catalyst by certain

moral roles, being aware and respect to the values of

humanity norms with universal diversity (Shihab,

519: 2017). These parallel standing shall draw clear

direction to keep the psychological aspects

intangible strong to face frictions and fulfilling

humanity right to life as a male, alpha-male, pack

leader in Islam, also called as -caliphate. The

parallel concepts of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin will act

as fostering to those whose is orphans.

The article projected about the educational

concepts of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin in Islamic

tradition became the fostering standard for healing

treatment of the clinical psychology problems for

male-students about how do flourishing into

manhood. Its fitrah specific features about following

the glorious prophets, Muhammad Saw, as Islamic

tradition role model in teaching a manner that make

a man to a man.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The Fostering Milestones of Fitrah

in Rahmatan Lill ‘Alamin Concepts

Islamic educational tradition projects the fostering

milestone of young generation with the guidance of

glorious Al Qur’an:

Translation “and we have not sent you, (O,

Muhammad), except as a mercy to the worlds” (QS.

Al-Ambiya. 21:107). This milestone of the glorious

prophet teaching is universally objective. The

teaching is about humanity and harmony. In

addition, the glorious supports mentioned in al-

Ahzab.

Translation “There has certainly been for you, (O,

Muhammad), in the Messenger of Allah an excellent

pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the

Last Day and (who) remembers Allah often” (Al-

Ahzab. 33:21).

The scriptures clearly pointed out about the

Islamic correspondence example in fostering young

generation that based on the glorious prophets’

traits, i.e. Sidiq (Honesty), Fathanah (Wise),

Amanah (Trustworthy), and Tabliqh (Deliver). The

honesty and trustworthy are resemble to emotionally

intelligences (EQ), and developed for social

interactions. Then, the wise and deliver are resemble

to intelligence quotient (IQ). These are the proper

role model for fostering process of young

generation.

The four glorious prophets’ traits are the

milestone to develop educational system that enable

to propose resolution clinical psychology in social

community. Moreover, the article propose these

traits as the exemplification of role model in

supporting growing male-students. Nata (2017)

believed that the fitrah of male students are

awareness sympathy attitude for personality and

environment. The moral values standing on

righteous for mutual relationship, man to man, man

to animal, and so on base on the intervention of self-

gratitude life-human-environments. The concepts of

Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin enable the students to act as

human that aware to the diverse environments,

acknowledge to follow role model, and self-

actualization with tolerances and harmony life.

These concepts enable the students to execute and

take decision with responsibility for male standing.

In addition, Nata (2017) and (Shihab, 519: 2017)

confirms about the very concept of teaching is the

fitrah of being man in contemporary eras. On the

other words, The Handbook of PPI (2014) called the

interventions of adults consistently generate positive

advantages, huge numbers of which seem to suffer

over sensibly extensive periods. Life-appreciation

instructs to more prominent gratitude, life

fulfillment, good faith, pro-social conduct (Emmons

& McCullough, 2003), positive affect (PA)

(Emmons & McCullough, 2003). The concepts of

Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin emergences the intervention

to consolidate human and their surroundings.

ICPsy 2019 - International Conference on Psychology

182

3 RESEARCH METHOD

The article applied field study to investigate the

relationships or interactions between sociological,

psychological and educational variables for research

in social community. Kerlinger (2000: 585) believed

that clinical psychology disorders attempting to test

the variables of students’ personal life interaction

and environments. According to Babbie (2001),

survey methodology is the best method for

collecting data from a large population through

sampling techniques. This study also attempted to

see the main variables of the research, namely

mental health, learning motivation, and the

relationships that exist amongst students in Aceh.

There are two specific extern factors of Aceh

condition with affected disasters and years of arms

conflicts. The samples were selected through

Korchin and Cowan approaches (1982); the

selection of informed consensus; minimization of

potential maltreatment, and confidentiality. To

collect required data, the researcher adapted Self-

Report Questionnaires (SRQs), the learning

motivation scale and the student interview protocol.

For interview protocol instruments, researchers are

guided by protocols as suggested by Glesne and

Pushkin (1992) and Creswell (1994).

Table 1: Instruments, Objectives, and Targeted Samples.

Instruments Samples Contents

Self-Report

Questionaire

(SRQ)

Students (Dep. Kes RI, 2008;

(Riskesdas), 2007;

(WHO), 1994).

Intrinstic

Motivation

Inventory

(IMI)

Students Translated by Herlyna

(2004) dan Ryan (2004)

Student

Interview

Protocols

Students The applied format of

Glesne dan Peshkin

(1992), Creswell (1994).

Measuring mental health is by using Self Report

Questionnaire (SRQ), (MOH RI, 2008; Rikesdas,

2007; WHO, 1994). WHO have developed this

instrument to screen for psychiatric disorders

especially in various developing countries. There are

a total of 20 item items, which must be answered in

form or with yes or no. SRQ has been widely used in

various countries and is translated in various

languages such as Arabic, Afrika, Amhari, Bengali,

Malaysia, Spain, and others including Indonesia.

SRQ designed as a scale to be filled by the subject

itself but can also be given through interviews to

illiterate subjects. The selection validity measured

multiple validity variables; face, content, criterion,

and construct; which is aligned with WHO standard

indexes (WHO, 1994). Based on the factor analysis

conducted on SRQ scale given to 1182 samples in

Brazil, Lacoponi and Mari in WHO (1994) have

identified four factors consisting of items that have a

value of 40 samples or more. The decreased energy

factor I, consisting of depression and anxiety items,

while somatic items have a large value or scaling

factor II. Factor III is labeled depressive mood and

factor IV is labeled depressive thought. See Figure

1.1

Figure 1: The Results of the SRQ Factor Analysis by

Lacoponi and Mari (in WHO, 1994: 26-27).

In the answer form given score 1 for the marked

answer (yes) and 0 for the answer (no). The cut off

value that separates those who have mental illness is

14, while those with a score of over 14 show that

they are free from mental health problems. Thus, the

maximum score for the measuring instrument in this

study is 20. It is important to note that SRQ is only a

preliminary screening tool to see indications of

mental health problems. To determine an analysis of

mental health problems it is still necessary that an

expert who has the authority to provide a diagnostic

clinical psychologist or psychiatrist. SRQ has been

officially used in a variety of basic mental health

issues in Aceh (Ministry of Health, 2008; Riskesdas,

2007).

Clinical Psychology Problems of Maturity Period to Adulthood for Male Students of IAIN Langsa

183

To address Gender stereotypes, Muris (2007)

introduced about the common opinions about the

proper characteristics to address boys as males-

being. However, it is generally assumed to

biological basis (MacCoby, 200b), taken into

environmental development of influenced role in

society. Form early age on, community address boys

and girls differently for their flowering stages. For

their own life, a severe reality introduced

The children about how to behave and act in

natural-way, yet nurture also generated the flowering

stages. Moreover, when the children turn to mature

being, their behaviors promote the gendered basic

characteristics. In nature and nurture, the children

develop reflection of personality, activity, and

performance (Berk, 2006). Then, the boys tend to

masculinity, as girls go femininity; however, there

are chances for reverse cross-characters. Ollendick,

Yang, Dong, Xia, and Lin (1995) proposed about the

reverse cross-characters is about the variations to

traumatically nurture exposure for children when

there are developing. These are critical for managing

felling fearfully and anxious. The expression of

concern and anxiety is in agreement with the female

role, that is usually no inheritable by ladies and

which tolerates the expression of negative emotions

and connected behaviors. Actually, dreadfulness and

uneasiness are conflicting with the manly sexual

orientation part. Such feelings are less

acknowledged in boys who are anticipated to act

bravely and to show dynamic and deliberate

adapting behavior. The study of the reverse cross-

characters, conducted by Brody, Hay, and

Vandewater (1990), discovered about relationship

between role and orientation with indexed

Emotional Story Task in 120 non-clinical referred

aged 6 – 12 years. The results indicated that female

rumored who has higher levels of concern toward

peers than boys did. Significantly, role orientation

accounted for a lot of the variance in predicting

concern than did the child’s sex. Generally, boys and

girls who have higher to peer communication about

how became the real environment. In addition,

Ginsburg and Silverman (2000) referred gendered

role influence with anxiety disorders raging for 6

and 11 years. Thus, the children who complete a

questionnaire about measuring masculinity and

femininity.

Children who are completed theses cross-

traumatically nurture assesses children preferences,

fear, and anxiety. Then, the result generated the

indexed the selection preference. (See Figure 2).

Figure 2: Correlations between gender and toy and activity

preferences, fear and anxiety scores, on the other hand, in

a sample of nonclinical children aged 10 to 13 years. *

Significant correlation at p < .05. Based on: Muris et al

(2005).

Altogether, the supporting parent and institution

put gender role orientation in theoretical develop the

proper nature and nurture by designed as it growing

phases.

4 RESULT

4.1 Clinical Psychology of

Male-students’ Disorders

This article focused about the clinical psychology of

male-students’ disorder for intellectual, emotional,

psychological, social and behavioral maladjustment.

It engaged to the particular students’ flourishing

periods. The objective of preserving the students’

attitude and their achievements, for those who were

facing crisis, and orphaned. The article also founded

that the abstained of father role would be solved

when the proper role models are exist among the

students, there are possibility of single parent

advisory to the students. The result projected several

clinical psychology of male students in IAIN

Langsa:

1. Psychiatric disorders that are related to social

anxiety, paranoia and believe in something that

does not make sense. The students with this

disorder will avoid a close relationship because

of their personal adverse effects. In addition, he

also believed in something related to paranormal

and superstition. However, not all superstitious

people include personality disorders. This

disorder usually only occurs 3% of the

population and is more likely to attack male

students. The cause of this disorder is uncertain,

ICPsy 2019 - International Conference on Psychology

184

but the possibility arises because of errors in

brain function and genetic factors. Characteristics

of schizotypal disorders with difficult to get close

to other people, thinking, expressing yourself and

using strange and unnatural words, behave

strangely, feel able to read people's thoughts, feel

nervous or tense with people who don't agree

with him, nervous and paranoid social situations

with other people. The way to treat this disorder

is with various types of therapy in psychology

psychotherapy or it can be combined with a

psychologist with a psychiatrist.

2. Paranoid Personality Disorder is a psychiatric

disorder that tends to be paranoid, suspicious and

does not trust people. He is usually more

sensitive, irritable and connects everything with

scary things. Another person is an adverse

aggressor who wants to hurt, and harm him so he

rebels in order to maintain his pride. He often

threatened, rebelled, refused about his mistakes.

He often acts a priori and convicts something

without investigating first. The cause of this

disorder is also certain, but tends to be possible

due to artificial or reality environment. Occurs in

men or women at the beginning of the 18-20

yearly phase. The types of paranoid personality

disorders are: easy personality is swayed, reacts

to everyday experiences with a sense of surrender

and inferiority and blames others, a more

aggressive personality. It is rude very sensitive to

something that is his right, the characteristics of a

paranoid personality disorder are, excessive

sensitivity to rejection and failure, tends to hold

grudges, refuse to forgive hurts or minor

problems, forcing personal rights by

misinterpreting the attitudes of others, repeated

suspicion of partner loyalty, and feeling himself

most important. Usually, indeed someone with

this disorder does not want to be treated because

he will tend to feel suspicious, but if he is willing

to be treated, then counseling and psychotherapy

is the solution. Because the combination of the

two will make the handling process faster.

3. Schizoid Personality Disorder is a psychiatric

disorder that does not want to connect with other

people, full of secrets, being cold and apathetic

towards others. To create a desire to socialize,

people with schizoid disorder will create their

imagination in complete and exclusive detail.

Schizoid itself still has something to do with

schizophagia and schizophrenia. Someone with

this personality disorder will have a negative

impact on himself because he does not have good

social status. Researchers believe that the causes

of dual-personality disorders are genetic factors

and parenting. Characteristics of personality

disorders; do not want to get along with other

people, prefer delusion, choose to live without

other people's interference, difficult to be happy,

not interested in intimate relationships, be cool,

lack of humor, difficulty expressing, not

motivated, and do not react when praised or

criticized. It take handling this personality

disorder is rarely faced with the clinical world, so

effective treatment is still unknown.

4. Antisocial Personality Disorders is a personality

disorder that tends to fight the rights of others.

Someone with this disorder has a moral who is

not seen, has committed a crime or violated the

law and behaves aggressively. The cause of

antisocial disorders is not yet known, but

scientists believe that there are disorders of brain

structure and aggressive behavior of parents. The

characteristics of antisocial personality disorders

are make yourself happy, take actions that are

unpleasant to others, easily bored and acts

without thinking, do everything you can to get

what you want, aggressive and often fighting,

have a criminal trial, and have no guilt. The

treatments of this disorder is very difficult,

because those who feel the impact of this

disorder are the community itself is not the

culprit. If you want to do a handler, then

psychotherapy with speech therapy is very

possible.

5. Borderline Personality Disorders is a psychiatric

disorder that has unstable emotions with

abnormal behavior and lack of self-control. The

main characteristic of this personality disorder is

his rapidly changing emotions. At first, he was

happy and laughed, he would then cry. He also

tends to do something that threatens life, feels

empty and endangers others. In addition, he is

also at risk of consuming alcohol, drugs and

depression. This disorder often appears around

early adulthood or after the end of adolescence.

Scientists say that the causes of this personality

disorder are usually genetic factors, brain

disorders, the environment, wrong relationships

or because of a pile of traumatic events. The

characteristics of borderline personality disorder

are Fear of being left or ignored, emotions that

go up and down due to trivial events, hard builds

and maintains relationships, act without thinking,

Clinical Psychology Problems of Maturity Period to Adulthood for Male Students of IAIN Langsa

185

there is a desire to commit suicide, feel alone and

empty, it is easy to get angry, when stressed, he

will feel paranoid, hallucinations, numbness,

daydreaming and often forget. The treatment this

disorder is with psychotherapy or with a

combination of drugs. Even though there is no

specific medication, there are drugs that can

reduce symptoms such as depression,

impulsivity, aggression or anxiety. The drugs

given can be antidepressants, antipsychotics or

mood stabilizers by prescription. Alternatively, it

could be inpatient care in a hospital to protect

patients from committing suicide or hurting

others.

6. Histrionic Personality Disorders is a distraction

to look for more attention with seductive or

inappropriate behavior to be accepted by others.

It appears in the adult phase, someone with this

disorder has a cheerful, broad, enthusiastic and

flirtatious character. The percentage of this

disorder is 2-3% of the population and 4 times

often experienced by women. People with this

disorder will be more provocative in sexual,

striking, and selfish, always want to be praised

and easily influenced by others. Scientists due to

the formation of the environment and genetic

factors believe the cause of this personality

disorder. On the other hand, there is another

guess, which this disorder appears because of

discipline formed and imitates the behavior of

people around them. The characteristics of

histrionic personality disorder are feel

uncomfortable if not looked at, being flirtatious,

provocative and ensure that he is the center of

attention, always worry about the opinions of

others, easily influenced, drama and overacting,

being intimate, imitate the speech style of a real

character or film, and use the physical to pay

attention. Someone who has this disorder often

thinks that this is not a type of personality

disorder. However, if someone wants to be dealt

with, then psychotherapy is an effective handler.

7. Narcissistic Personality Disorders is a psychiatric

disorder that considers itself important, happy to

be overly praised and unable to understand the

feelings of others. Someone with this disorder

often thinks of ways to succeed and get success

or busy thinking about his appearance.

Narcissism itself is taken from Greek mythology

about someone named Narcissus who is looking

for true love. Although many women came, he

refused. Until one day, he saw a beautiful figure

in the reflection of water. He fell in love with the

reflection, then plunged himself into the pool,

until he died in the pond. The figure in the

reflection of water is actually himself. With a

story like this, one can find that narcissistic

characteristics themselves are loving themselves.

The causes of this personality disorder are

genetic and environmental factors. It could also

be due to preferential treatment since childhood.

However, to get valid results, there needs to be a

diagnosis of a psychologist or psychiatrist. The

characteristics of personality disorders are

believe that he is unique, have fragile self-

esteem, angry if other people are ignorant, envy

the success of others, their needs must be above

others, selfish, like to use other people. The

Treatment is with psychoanalysis and CBT

therapy. There are no specific drugs, but

psychiatrists can prescribe depressants, anxiety

or other drugs.

Based on the seven fact above, the clear

explanation shared about clinical psychology of

male-students’ disorder. These seven disorders are

occurred to male-students and trigger stimuli

references level of fear and anxiety level that lead to

malfunction disorder.

5 DISCUSSION

The vulnerabilities and risk factors like negative

learning experiences, disagreeable life events, and

adverse family factors can create kids additional

probably to develop anxiety disorders. Fortuitously,

there are protecting effects, which may serve to

safeguard kids and adolescents against the event of

insecurity that tally a male adolescent psychological

issues (as conducted by Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995).

Then, Masten (2011) proposed about protection of

relation to the development of anxiety problems in

youths. It should be noted that the article devotes

attention to factors and processes that have already

been discussed in the context of the male-students’

fitrah as the part of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin concepts.

The develop fitrah ideas of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin

promoted the adaptation outside circumstance. In

conclusion, the article employed a person-based

approach, the male-students’ fitrah as the part of

Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin concepts, as milestone of

Islamic tradition teaching. The fact that resilience is

an inferential construct that's supported the

judgments of threat and adaptation has caused issues

within the assessment and study of this idea (Luthar,

ICPsy 2019 - International Conference on Psychology

186

1999). The approaches silent that known resilient

adolescents who adapt well in spite of risk and

adversity and so compared them to dysfunctional

adolescents who fail to adapt below adverse

circumstances with relevancy variety of protecting

childhood variables. By definition, resilient

adolescents displayed higher levels of worldwide

self-worth and psychological well-being than their

dysfunctional counterparts. Social society support

are previewed this notion fits nicely with theories

that judge importance to social relationships in

children’s development toward adulthood once the

abstained of parent role happens. Children perceived

their family as less ancillary displayed higher levels

of teacher-reported internalizing symptoms. Most

significantly, proof was conjointly found for the

hypothesized analgesic impact of family support:

that's, the negative impact of disagreeable life events

on children’s internalizing symptoms was

considerably reduced by high levels of perceived

family support. The disorders proof on top of was

summarized indicating that negative life events seem

to extend the danger for issues. The samples

projected that positive life events, and specifically

positive social events, e.g., participating in enjoyable

social activities, and organized by the institution,

IAIN Langsa. These findings suggest that socially

supportive experiences may protect youths against

the emergence clinical disorders for male students.

6 CONCLUSION

This article summarized a variety of the male-

students’ fitrah as the part of Rahmatan lill ‘Alamin

concepts, as milestone of Islamic tradition teaching,

in terms for clinical psychology disorders solutions.

These protecting variables are definitely concerned.

Yet, it ought to even be mentioned that they are

doing not appear to be terribly specific to childhood

anxiety, however rather play a job during a broad

vary of psychological disorders in youths. This may

counsel that the majority of those factors shouldn't

be considered key constructs within the pathological

process of hysteria disorders in kids and adolescents,

notably male-students. However, it ought to be

unbroken in mind that such protecting factors

typically play a mediating or alleviative role within

the method between threat and stress. On the one

hand, and also the emergence of high concern and

anxiety, on the opposite hand, which suggests that

these variables might eventually build the distinction

between traditional and abnormal concern and

anxiety reactions in youths.

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