Economic Impact of Tourism Development in Samosir Regency,

North Sumatera, Indonesia

Johnson Pasaribu, Badaruddin, Heru Santosa, and Agus Purwoko

Doctoral Program of Regional Planning, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Tourism, Samosir, Economy, Development.

Abstract: Samosir Regency's small contribution of the tourism industry to regional revenue shows that the development

of tourism is still not optimal, both in terms of tourism objects, government and community role. This research

aims to identify and evaluate the economic impact of tourism development in Samosir Regency, North

Sumatra, Indonesia. The method used in this research was the interval score with a median division of 100

respondents in Samosir Regency related to tourism. The primary data derived from questionnaires and

interview results, while secondary data were from study-related local government offices. Using Spearman

correlation, data analysis was conducted. The findings showed that simultaniously tourism products and

tourism visits had a positive and significant impact on the economy. The relationship between tourism

products and tourism visits on the economy is very significant and able to explain the economy by 67.70%.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the national economy, the tourism sector is a

strategic industry that contributes to government

revenue, ranks third after petroleum, natural gas and

oil palm (Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and

Culture, 2017). Table 1shows the contribution of the

tourism industry to the foreign exchange of Indonesia

between 2012 and 2016.

Table 1: Contribution of the tourism sector to the foreign exchange of Indonesia

Time Torism (in trillion IDR) Total (trillion IDR) %

2012 296,97 8.615,70 3.45

2013 326,24 9.546,13 3.42

2014 419,08 10.569,70 3.96

2015 476,48 11.526,33 4.13

2016 500,19 12.406,77 4.03

Source: Report on Performance of the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, 2017.

As a strategic domestic industry, tourism has a

multiplier effect caused by tourism activities such as

employment in the tourism industry, as well as

indirect effects such as tourism development

supporting economic activities such as

accommodation, restaurants, money exchange

services and others. In nearly all areas with tourism

opportunities in Indonesia, this situation can be

discovered (Siallagan, 2011).

In North Sumatra, the number of international

visitors reached 270,792 people during 2017, which

indicates an increase of 37,149, or around 15.96

percent from 2016. In 2017, Samosir Regency has a

total of 75 tourist attractions.

602

Pasaribu, J., Badaruddin, ., Santosa, H. and Purwoko, A.

Economic Impact of Tourism Development in Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0009327506020607

In Proceedings of the 2nd Economics and Business International Conference (EBIC 2019) - Economics and Business in Industrial Revolution 4.0, pages 602-607

ISBN: 978-989-758-498-5

Table 2: Contributions of Public Recreation and Entertainment Area Levies to Samosir Regency's local income, 2012-2017.

Time Tourism (in million rupiahs)

Local Income(in million

rupiahs)

2012 164,92 11.239,88 1,47

2013 171,01 15.288,45 1,12

2014 200,57 22.887,37 0,88

2015 223,02 17.463,54 1,28

2016 270,89 9.887,31 2,74

2017 365,90 17.483,83 2,09

Source: Regional Revenue, Finance and Asset Management Agency, Samosir Regency, 2018

Table 2 shows that the contribution of tourism

levies to Samosir Regency's local income is below 3

percent, and then the contribution of tourism

development is very small in terms of regional

income. This may also show that tourism has not

given direct profits to regional incomes. The aim of

this research is to evaluate the economic impact of

tourism development in Samosir regency.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

According to Todaro (2010), development is in an

economic context of domestic and regional

development. Under Law No. 10 of 2009, tourism is

a range of tourism activities and promoted by

numerous facilities and services provided by the

community, entrepreneurs, government and regional

government. According to Soekadijo (1996), tourism

development goals are to encourage the development

of several sectors, including:

1. Changing or establishing new businesses, such as

transportation, accommodation and tourism

services

2. Expanding the market of local products

3. Give the workforce a beneficial effect, as tourism

can grow new employment.

4. Accelerate economic flow in the hosting country

industry, thus further generating a multiplier

effect.

Tourism development in Samosir Regency is

strongly related to the Lake Toba area management.

According to Sastrawati (2003), by considering the

aspects of the regional framework, the principle of

developing a tourist area is the basis for organizing

the region. A hypothetical model of integrated

tourism development that focuses on a model of

community empowerment can be created based on

assumptions about tourism development potential.

Basics for considering this model, including (1)

environmental conservation, (2) revitalization of

historical and cultural heritage, (3) empowerment of

the society. The model framework formulated

consists of (a) diversification, (b) attractiveness, (c)

integration, and (d) intersectoral participation

(Wurianto, 2006)

Tourism products are all products designed or

consumed during a tourism visit. Tourist services are

a range of attractions, transportation, accommodation

and entertainment products. Potential tourism is all

products (natural, cultural, artificial) that require a lot

of handling that attracts visitors (Damanik et al.,

2018). Tourist attractions and objects are several

activities and facilities that can attract tourists to a

certain area or location (Marpaung & Bahar, 2002).

Tourism can be categorized based on its purpose

(Fandeli, 2002):

a. Nature tourism is a tourist activity that aims at

experiencing natural or panoramic landscapes.

b. As a tourist attraction and emphasis on

educational features, cultural tourism is a tour of

cultural heritage.

c. For the protection of natural assets (coastal

regions including beaches and oceans, hills,

conservation zones) and tourism industries,

ecotourism is environmentally focused tourism.

Some features of ecotourism that differentiate it

from ordinary tourism include (Damanik et al., 2018):

a. All tourism activities are based on the

conservation of nature

b. Tour service providers not only promote

attractions but also provide them with possibilities

to respect the environment better.

c. A tourist attraction is the foundation of tourism

d. Tourism activities are aimed to raise money for

the conservation of tourist objects and attractions

e. Travel by local transport and accommodation

f. This means the number of tourists and business

services managed in the form of small scale

tourism

Economic Impact of Tourism Development in Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia

603

2.1 Regional Development

The economy (Sevilla, 1984) is one aspect that

promotes regional development. Therefore, in

regional development initiatives, economic and

regional planning experts are concerned with the most

significant issue in the process of economic growth

and equitable development (Sirojuzilam, 2011). In

relation, Rustiadi (2007) asserts that one of the most

significant aspects indicating development in one

region is economic. Among the multiple economic

indicators, the most significant indicator is people's

income in a region. Community income can also

explain business chances and job opportunities in a

region simultaneously.

3 METHODOLOGY

Descriptive and verification research is the technique

used in this study. All Samosir Regency communities,

such as Tourism Managers, Hotel and Other

Accommodation Entrepreneurs, Lake Transportation

Managers, Land Transportation Managers,

Transportation Managers, Arts, and Culture Tourism

Services, Health Offices, Regional Financial and

Asset Income Offices, Samosir Regency Regional

Plan, were regarded to be associated with tourism in

Samosir Regency. The sample was conducted with up

to 100 individuals using the Taro Yamane equation

(Yamane, 2012) Analysis of the relationship between

factors is conducted using the formula of Spearman

correlation.

4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Population

Table 1: Samosir Regency area, population and density per sub-district

No. Sub-district

Land Area Population Density

(km

) (people) (people/km

)

1 Sianjur Mulamula 140.24 9,501 67.75

2 Harian 560.45 8,158 14.56

3 Sitiotio 50.76 7,376 145.31

4 Onanrunggu 60.89 10,748 176.52

5 Nainggolan 87.86 12,332 140.36

6 Palipi 129.55 16,744 129.25

7 Ronggurnihuta 94.87 8,680 91.49

8 Pangururan 121.43 30,648 252.39

9 Simanindo 198.20 20,309 102.47

Samosir Regency 1,444.25 124,496 86.20

2015 1,444.25 123,789 85.71

2014 1,444.25 123,065 85.21

2013 1,444.25 122,449 84.78

2012 1,444.25 121,613 84.20

Source: Statistics Central Bureau of Samosir Regency, 2017.

4.2 Tourism

Table 2. Travelers visiting Samosir Regency by tourist type

No. Tourist

Time

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1 Foreigner 25,297 25,662 30,450 34,248 35,823

2 Domestic 119,530 124,117 140,637 141,215 154,905

Total 144,827 149,779 171,087 175,463 190,728

Source: Statistics Central Bureau of Samosir Regency, 2017.

Every year, with its vision of "Samosir Becoming an

Innovative Area of Environmental Tourism

Destinations," the local government of Samosir

Regency carries out numerous initiatives directed at

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604

enhancing tourism in this region, focusing on the

potential of cultural tourism, in particular, Batak

culture, as well as the potential of lovely natural

resources. As shown in the table above, the number

of visitors visiting Samosir Regency.

In 2016, Samosir Regency runs 86 hotels and

accommodations with 1,775 rooms and 2,865-bed

facilities.

Table 3: Total Local Income from Tourist Levy, Hotel / Restaurant and Bar Permit fees

No. Time Total (in million rupiahs)

1 2012 164,92

2 2013 171,01

3 2014 200,57

4 2015

223,02

5 2016

270,89

6 2017

365,90

Source: Agency for Regional Revenue, Finance and Asset Management, Samosir Regency, 2018.

4.2.1 Effects of Tourism Products (Y1) and

Tourism Visits (Y2) on Community

Economy (Z1)

Table 4: The coefficient of tourism products and tourism visits to the community economy

Coefficients

Model Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig. Correlations Collinearity

Statistics

B Std. Error Beta Zero-

orde

Partial Part Tolerance VIF

(Constant) .087 .821 .105 .916

Tourism

roduct

.627 .087 .588 7.192 .000 .797 .590 .415 .497 2.012

Tourism

visit

.321 .089 .294 3.594 .001 .711 .343 .207 .497 2.012

a. De

endent Variable: Communit

econom

Source: SPSS calculation results

The data processing obtained a constant value (a=

0.087), a coefficient of regression (b

= 0.627; b

0.321). So that multiple linear regression equation

models Economic Impact Of Tourism Development

In Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia:

= 0.087+0.627Y

+0.321Y

+ e.

The details of full data analysis can be seen above

in the table of results of multiple linear regression

coefficients calculation.

The relationship between the variables of

Tourism Products and Tourism visits to Community

Economy is identified from the calculated value of

0.823, which shows a very strong correlation between

the two variables. The value of the determination

coefficient (R

) is 0.677, which implies that the

variable Tourism Products and Tourism Visits can

explain the Community Economy variables at

67.70%, while other factors explain the remaining

32.30%.

Table 5: Tourism Products and Tourism visits to the Community Economy (R

Test)

Model Summary

Model R R Square Ad

uste

RSquare Std. Erro

of the Estimate

1 .823

.677 .671 .992

a. Predictors:

(

Constant

)

, Tourism visit, Touris

roduct

. Dependent Variable: Community income

Economic Impact of Tourism Development in Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia

605

4.2.2 Effects of Variable Tourism Products

and Tourism Visits to Community

Economies

In this case, the F

test

is used to determine the

simultaneous impact on the Community Economy

) between the variables of Tourism Products (Y

)

and Tourism Visits (Y

: b

= 0. This implies that the variable

Tourism Products (Y

) and Tourism Visits (Y

)

simultaneously did not impact the Community

Economy (Z

) positively and significantly.

: b

≠ 0. This implies that the variable Tourism

Products (Y

) and Tourism Visits (Y

)

simultaneously impact the Community Economy

(Z1) positively and significantly.

Table 6: Coefficient of Determination (R

Test) Tourism Products and Tourism Visits to the Community Economies

Model Summary

Model R R

Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std.

Error of

the

Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square

Change

df1 df2 Sig. F

Change

1 .643

.413 .401 1.193 .413 34.183 2 97 .000

a. Predictors: (Constant), Tourism visit, Touris

roduct

. De

endent Variable: Communit

economies

Source: SPSS calculation results

It is known from the data analysis results that the

value

is 34.183 and the F

statistic

is 1.38 at the

significance level (α= 0.000). F

value

is bigger than

statistic

, then H

is rejected. Finally, it can be noted that

the variable Tourism Products (Y

) and Tourism

Visits (Y

) have a positive and significant impact on

the Community Economy (Z

) simultaneously.

5 DISCUSSION

Tourism Products and Tourism Visits impact on

the Community economy simultaneously

The findings showed that the variable Tourism

Products (Y

) and Tourism Visits (Y

)

simultaneously affected the Community Economy

) positively and significantly. Samosir Regency's

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita

based on current price in 2016 amounted to IDR

27.65 million, up from IDR 25.4 million in 2015, IDR

23.06 million in 2014 and IDR 18.796 million in

2012.

Samosir Regency's average per capita expenditure

per month from 2012-2016 tends to increase. It was

IDR 432,413 in 2012— IDR 507,772 in 2013 — IDR

663,333 in 2014 —. But the average monthly

expenditure decreased to IDR 623,938 in 2015,-then

increase to IDR 780,085 in 2016.

6 CONCLUSION

Based on the theoretical description, data analysis,

and discussion results, it can be stated that Tourism

Products and Tourism Visits have a positive and

significant impact on the Community economy

simultaneously. Relationship between Tourism

Products and Tourism Visits to Community

Economies is very significant, including relationship

classification. The Community Economy can be

explained by 67.70 percent by tourism products and

tourism visits.

SUGGESTION

The coefficient of tourism visits appears to be smaller

in its contribution to the tourism-related community

economy, therefore the government of North

Tapanuli Regency prepares to target tourism visits

while improving tourism-related products to enhance

the community economy of the Samosir regency.

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