The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball

Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants

at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta

Abdul Malik Karim Amrulloh

, Sugeng Purwanto

, Ahmad Rithaudin

Yogyakarta State University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Sport Science, Graduate School

Keywords: Basketball, Skill Shooting, Exercise, A Set of Five-Way Hoop Target.

Abstract: In basketball, shooting is very decisive in scoring points. Therefore, in basketball the shooting ability must

be improved properly. This research is a type of experimental research which aims at determining the effect

of five-way hoops target on the basketball shooting abilities of basketball extracurricular participants. This

research was conducted at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, using a sample of 14 male extracurricular

participants. A pre-test was conducted by using a One Hand Set Shoot test instrument from five directions,

namely: between angles of 0 -36, angles of 36 - 72, angles of 72 ° -108, angles of 108 -144 and angles of

144 -180 respectively, for 10 times. After the test, a treatment was given by playing a five-way hoops target

for 16 meetings. Then the post-test was conducted by the same way of doing the previous test. From the

results of the pre-test and post-test conducted, it can be hypothesized that there was an increase in the

basketball shooting ability of basketball extracurricular participants.

1 INTRODUCTION

Extracurricular activities are non-formal educational

activities organized by formal education jams related

to the development of the interests and talents of the

students. These activities are aimed at developing

the potential needed by each extracurricular

participant in accordance with the needed potential.

The task of the trainer of these activities, in addition

to fostering athletes, is to observe the potential

needed by the participants, both the strengths and

weaknesses. However, it would be better if these

activities are compared to the existing programs,

both in terms of the potential possessed and the

training program provided. Therefore, a

consideration whether it would need improvement or

not can be taken to increase the potential needed.

In addition, monotonous, less varied, and less

innovative training methods tend to make

participants or athletes for the sport extracurricular

activities feel bored. Thus, their abilities in other

aspects are not thoroughly touched because of the

monotonous trainings. Basketball, as one of sport

extracurricular activities, requires continuous

trainings on many aspects, such as heart and lung

endurance, muscle strength, agility, and accuracy.

Then, apart from those physical aspects, the

psychological aspects of the athletes must also be

taken into account; for instance the athletes’ learning

motivation must be developed and raised so that

they are able to join the learning activities well.

There are differences in psychological profiles

between gifted and non-gifted sport participants

(Kruger, Pienaar, Kemp, & Nienaber, 2013).

Morgan (2015) explains that for coaches to pay

attention to psychological skills is a very useful

factor and helps to discover the athletes’ talents for

their future careers Psychological skills can help

coaches improve their training practices to gain the

success for athletes (Camiré & Trudel, 2014). Based

on the explanation above, to improve the skills of

athletes by providing a variety of exercises is really

necessary. By doing so, it is expected that athletes

are accustomed to all conditions and are motivated

to always improve their abilities.

Based on observations conducted toward the

men's basketball athletes at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta located on Jalan W.R. Monginsidi No.2

Yogyakarta, it turned out that the athletes performed

low shooting ability during practices. The problems

Karim Amrulloh, A., Purwanto, S. and Rithaudin, A.

The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0009213700990109

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 99-109

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

were then examined and finally formulated as

follows: the athletes’ difficulty in shooting, in

understanding the basic movements of shooting, in

feeling the balls.

Furthermore, other obstacles in basketball

extracurricular activities at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta Special Region were found, one of

which was the lack of coaches or trainers. In fact,

those athletes independently without any guidance

or direction from the coaches.

The existence of coaches on the training sessions

is really crucial. A couple years ago when the school

basketball athletes were trained by coaches, they

successfully won pretty good year-to-year

championships like the ones of LKS / O2SN and

other events and finally could finish at the second

place on the men's basketball invitations event in

2015. However, since there was no coach for this

extracurricular activity, starting at the mid-2015, the

basketball team of that school has never won any the

basketball championship because there was no

training program to be implemented on the practices.

Due to the difficulties faced by the basketball

extracurricular students regarding the shooting

ability, the problem limitation was conducted in an

effort to establish the limits of the research problem

to be studied. This limitation was also to avoid

different interpretations and to give clear

explanation regarding the scope of this research.

Thus the problem limitation in this study referred to

is the participants’ lack of understanding toward the

technique to be used as a means to improve their

shooting ability.

In basketball, shooting is very important in

scoring points. Thus, the players' shooting skills are

required to be improved gradually to prepare them

winning the plays (Savaş, Fatih Yüksel, & Uzun,

2018). Shooting techniques are very diverse. The

forms of shooting movement techniques in

basketball games include: (1) One-handed shots

above the head, (2) Lay-up shots, (3) Shots produced

by catching the ball and continuing to shoot, (4)

Shots produced by jumping with two hands and (5)

relation shots (Muhajir, 2007). Shooting should be

performed from various directions in order to get

more chances to collect points to win. With proper

training, basketball athletes can improve their

shooting techniques from various directions.

Exercise is a process of systematically preparing

athletes to achieve optimum quality of achievement.

By being given regular and directed, exercise is able

to enhance physical and mental condition of the

athletes (Suharno in Irianto, 2002). In general, most

exercises in sports are directed at physical

conditioning and improving technical skills also

game tactics (Oudejans, Koedijker, Bleijendaal, &

Bakker, 2005).

Conducting the exercises for 16 meetings can be

said as a practice, because there have been

permanent changes, for example muscle hypertrophy

due to heavy lifting (Soegiardo, 1991). The optimal

trajectory of a basketball shot depends on the

shooter. This can be defined as one that maximizes

the probability of a successful shot (Khlifa et al.,

2013).

Based on the explanation above, it can be

concluded that the more an athlete or basketball

extracurricular participant does the exercise, the

easier he is able to form a ball feeling so that an

athlete is able to estimate the optimal trajectory of

the shooting. The kind of exercise also affects a

certain movement as well; in physiology it is a

routine activity with a method that has a purpose.

Different forms and methods cause different results

(Soegiardo, 1991). Determination of target practice

is the right target for shooting techniques so a

training using a five-way hoops target game was

provided.

A target game is one of the classifications in

TGFU (Teaching Games for Understanding) which

has different characteristics compared to the other

forms of classification. This game will be highly

determined by the own ability of each player. This

needs the players’ accuracy and foresight without

any interference from other parties, i.e. from the

opponents (Pambudi, 2010).

2 THEORITICAL REVIEW

Some theoretical reviews were done before

conducting the research. Those theories were

reviewed as follows:

2.1 Basketball Game

Basketball is a game played by two teams, each of

which consists of 5 players (Muhajir, 2007). This

type of game aims to score points as many as

possible by getting the ball into the opponents’ ring

and to prevent the opponents to get scores. In

playing this game, players can push the ball, hit the

ball with open palms, and throw or dribble it in all

directions on the court. Basketball is a combination

of defence and attack, for that a player must master

the basic techniques and skills of playing basketball

to play well (Wissel, 2000). Basketball is a team

game played by five players for each team, making

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2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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use of a large ball and two hands to play

(Sumiarsono, 2002). The principle of the basketball

game is that the ball must not be carried away, but

must be bounced by running or walking and passed

to teammates.

From the definitions offered by the experts

above, it can be concluded that basketball is played

by two teams consisting of 5 players each team. The

goal of basketball is to get or score points by putting

the ball in the opponents’ basket and prevent the

opponents from doing the same thing. The ball can

be passed to teammates using operands by hands or

by dribbling (batting, pushing, or tapping) several

times on the floor without touching them with two

hands simultaneously. Its basic techniques include

foot working, shooting and capturing, dribbling, re-

bounding, moving with the ball, moving without the

ball, and defending.

The techniques of basketball games consist of:

(1) throwing the ball (Passing), (2) proposing the

ball (Dribbling), (3) shooting the ball into the

basketball ring (Shooting), (4) rotating body

(Pivote), (5) Exercising (Foot Work) (Abidin, 1999).

He further explains some information related to

basketball: (1) the ball is made of synthetic rubber

wrapped in leather, (2) the weight of the ball is not

less than 600 grams and not more than 650 grams,

(3) the circumference of the ball is not less than 75

cm, (4) the ball is pumped with sufficient air

pressure, so that if the ball is reflected from a height

of 180 cm, it will bounce as high as 120 cm, (5) The

ball must be completely round and flat.

While the size of the basketball court based on

FIBA (Federation of International de Basketball)

regulations in 2010 is as follows: (1) the length of

the field is 28 m, (2) the width of the field is 15 m,

(3) the distance between the field line and three

point line is 0, 90 m, (4) the center circle of the field

has a diameter of 3.6 m, (5) the distance of the field

line to the ring board is 1.575 m, (6) and the distance

of the three point line to the ring is 6.75 m.

2.2 Shooting

Shooting is one of the techniques used to get scores

in a match by putting the ball into the ring. Shooting

is a combination of the legs, waist, shoulders and

elbows, and hands (Abidin, 1999). The thrust and

control of the final shot are determined by the

flexibility of the hands. The final shot is done by

releasing the ball from the middle finger with a soft

touch of the fingertip to make round the back of the

ball and smooth shot. According to Sumiyarsono

(2002), shooting is an attempt of players to put the

ball into the opponent's basket by obtaining as many

points or scores as possible. Meanwhile, according

to Kosasih (2008), the notion of shooting is a

technique to move the ball.

From some definitions above, it can be

concluded that shooting is a basic technique used in

basketball games, namely by putting basketball into

the ring to get a score or point. It is a determinant of

winning or losing a match. There is also the purpose

of shooting according to (Dasamardana, 2013), that

is to score some points which will determine the win

or lose of a team.

According to Muhajir (2007), the shooting

movements in basketball games include: (1) One-

handed shots above the head, (2) Lay-up shots, (3)

Shots produced by catching the ball followed by

shooting (Lay-up), (4) Jump shots with two hands

and (5) Relation Shots. According to Kosasih

(2008), there are seven types of shooting techniques,

namely: (1) Lay-Up Shoot, (2) One Hand Set Shoot,

(3) Jump Shoot (shots while jumping), (4) Free

Throw Shoot (free shots), (5) Three Point Shoot, (6)

Hook Shoot, (7) Runner Shoot (shots with dribbling

with steps extended). Meanwhile according to

Abidin (1999), there are 7 (seven) basic techniques

of shooting namely:

2.2.1 One Hand Set Shot

One Hand Set Shot is often used in basketball

games. To do a one hand shot is basically the same

way as that used for free shots, including sight,

balance, hand position, elbow adjustment, rhythm of

shots and their implementation. Meanwhile,

according to Kosasih (2008), one hand set shoot is a

shot using one hand with another hand is placed

beside the ball serving to keep the ball and

compensate for the shooter's hand movements

without jumping. According to Abidin (1999) one

hand set shoot is a type of shooting that is often done

in basketball games both in close ranges and long

distance shots to get a score.

2.2.2 Free Throw

Free throw is a type of shot that requires habit, skill,

concentration and confidence. Success with free

shots requires the right beliefs and techniques, as

well as confidence. According to Kosasih (2008),

these shots are taken because of violations and done

to put the ball into the ring with one point for each

shot. According to Priyanto (2012), the goal of a free

throw is to put the ball into the ring to score a point

from behind the line of shot by taking advantage of

The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

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the opportunity given because the opposing team

makes a foul.

2.2.3 Jump Shot

Jump Shot is often used by all players in basketball

games. The jump shot movement must be

accompanied by a jump and then at the peak of the

jump shot, the ball must have been released through

the arms, wrists and fingers with the whole power.

Then, the ball is lifted simultaneously with the legs,

back and shoulders upward. Meanwhile, according

to Kosasih (2008), jump shoot is a type of shot done

by adding a jump when shooting where the ball is

released at the highest point of the jump. A jump

shoot is carried out when the space for the shot is

tightly guarded and the shot is accompanied by a

jump.

2.2.4 Three Point Shot

Three Point Shot is carried out and prepared at a

reasonable distance from a predetermined line, to

avoid stepping on the line and to focus on the

basketball hoop. According to Kosasih (2008), these

shots are taken because of violations and done to put

the ball into the ring with one point for each shot.

Meanwhile, according to Fauzan (2011) a three-

point shot is a shot with the highest points carried

out from the outside of curved line and aims to get

more points.

2.2.5 Hook Shot

Hook Shot has the advantage of being difficult to

be blocked even by tall opponents. The hook shot is

only done if the shooter is close to the basketball

ring about 3 to 4 meters away. According to Kokasih

(2008) the hook shoot is a shot related to the

direction of the shot sideways and directs the ball

towards the ring. This type of shoot needs further

training, because it is an advanced shot. According

to Abidin (1999) the superiority of a hook shot is a

shot that is difficult to be blocked even by

opponents.

2.2.6 Lay-Up

Lay-Up is done close to the basketball hoop, after

slipping the ball or dribbling. To be able to make

high jumps in lay-up movements, it takes speed in

the last three or four steps to get the ball. According

to Kosasih (2008), lay-up shot is a shot done with

the 1 to 2 footsteps approaching the ring and carried

out by jumping accompanied by shooting. This

shoot is often used by players because the shooting

distance is closer to the basketball hoop and easier to

do.

2.2.7 Runner Shot

Runner Shot is lay-up shot which was made further

from the basketball ring with the longer steps too.

According to Kosasih (2008), this runner shot is

done by the same way of doing lay-up, but taking

longer starting point from the ring basket. Overall,

the runner is done by the same way of doing lay-up

2.3 The Nature of Exercise

The nature of the exercise in this chapter discusses

the definition of exercise, the aims and objectives of

exercise, as well as the principles of exercise based

on several expert theories, as described in the

following section:

2.3.1 Definition of Exercise

Exercise or training, according to Irianto (2002), is a

process of systematically preparing the athlete's

physical condition to achieve maximum

achievement. It is given regularly and directed way

to improve the athletes’ physical and mental

condition. Meanwhile, according to Setiawan

(2012), training is a process of improving the ability

to exercise that contains material, theory and

practice, using methods, and rules, so that its goals

can be achieved well.

According to Soegiardo (1991), exercise in

physiology is a routine activity given using certain

methods to achieve certain goals. Different forms

and methods cause different results.

From above definitions, it can be concluded that

exercise is a systematic process that is carried out

repeatedly in connection with a matter that wants to

be learned with the aim of increasing abilities better

than the previous ones.

2.3.2 Objectives of the Exercise

The purpose of the exercise or training is as a

refinement of the abilities possessed by athletes.

This is based on the task of the trainer according to

Irianto (2002), which states that the trainer has a

fairly arduous task of improving athletes as multi-

dimensional beings which include physical, spiritual,

social and religious aspects.

According to Irianto (2002), before a training

program is implemented, it is necessary to set

training objectives, which are useful for: (1)

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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increasing motivation to practice; (2) reminding the

athletes on their responsibility to achieve the training

objectives; (3) encouraging the athletes to reach

higher achievement.

Setiawan (2012) adds that the purpose of training is

to improve the athletes’ skills and performance to

achieve the goals of the training.

2.3.3 Principles of Exercise

According to Irianto (2002), there are several

principles which need to be considered in the

training process, including:

a. Overload Principle

Super-compensation (increased performance)

will occur if the load given to the exercise is just

above the threshold of sensitivity or critical point,

accompanied by sufficient recovery.

b. Reversible Principle

"If you do not use it, you will lose it" that is the

philosophy of the reversible principle, meaning that

the adaptation of the exercise that has been achieved

will be reduced or even lost if the training is not

sustainable and irregular. In other words, it results in

detraining (decreased performance).

c. Specificity Principle

The philosophy of the principle of specificity is

SAID (Specific Adaption to Imposed Demand),

meaning that the exercise should be specific to the

desired target.

2.3.4 Hoop Medium

According to Sudrajat (2010), the word media

derived from Latin is a plural form of "medium"

which literally means "intermediary" or introduction

to the source of the message with the recipient of the

message. Meanwhile, according to Krisjarwanto,

(2015), a hoop is a ring made of rattan, while what is

meant by a hoop media is a circular object or rattan

rings made of wood which is used as an

intermediary for communication between the teacher

and students during the learning process. Hoops

have suitable sizes, as follows: (a) diameter: 80-90

cm, (b) thickness: 8-12 mm, and (c) weight: 300

grams. Based on the description above, it can be

concluded that the hoop media is a tool or media

made of plastic or rattan in a circle and is useful as a

tool in providing learning material so that the

material can be conveyed.

2.3.5 Target Games

According to Pambudi (2010), target game is one of

the game classifications in TGFU (Teaching Games

for Understanding) which has different

characteristics compared to other forms of

classification. The success of this game will be

determined by the athletes’ accuracy, foresight, and

accuracy without any interference from the

opponents. According to Rithaudin & Saryono,

(2012), target games are games where the players

will get a score if a ball or other similar projectile is

either thrown or hit with direction to achieve a

predetermined target. Meanwhile, Krisjarwanto

(2013) explains that "in target games, players score

by throwing or striking a ball to a target". The target

game is a game which requires concentration,

calmness, focus, and high accuracy in the game.

Based on the description above it can be

concluded that target game is a form of game that

relies on a good level of accuracy and foresight so

that the players will get a score if the object used as

a tool to play can hit the target correctly.

According to Mitchell et al in Pambudi (2010), it

is explained that the players will get a score if a ball

or other similar projectile is thrown or hit with

direction on a predetermined target, i.e. the fewer

blows to the target the better. In addition, there are

also several forms of target games which are

commonly done, e.g. archery, golf, bowling, billiard,

snooker with various modifications (Pambudi,

2010).

Basically the target game requires accuracy,

foresight, estimation/ feeling, and high concentration

so that in doing the game the target is achieved with

a lot of scores. In addition, the right tactics to hit the

target can be predicted with frequent target aiming

exercises including: archery, gate ball, wood ball,

darts, bowling, and golf. According to Krisjarwanto

(2015), the hoop target game is a game which uses

the hoop media. The players will score a point if the

thrown and hit ball with direction on the hoop target

has been done. In addition, the hoop target game is

as intermediate shooting or hitting practice using the

distance specified in the form of modification.

Meanwhile, Johnson (2010) explains that "A game

target, for use in conjunction with a thrown article,

comprises adjacent upper and lower hoop members

and has aligned vertical axes and horizontal axes".

The target game used in this study was a

modification of the hoop which can change its

position on the vertical and horizontal axes by

adopting the development of previous research.

According to Dasamardana (2013), in basketball,

the game is divided into two areas related to points

namely 1) shots with a point of 2 in the area of 2

points within 4-5 meters, and 2) shots with a point of

3 outside the area of 3 points. Both have different

The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

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103

areas, but there is a shot that is worth 1 point, which

is a penalty shot done if something goes wrong and

the referee gives a penalty in the form of a penalty

shot.

Here is a picture of the students' angle to take a

photo shoot.

Figure 1: Shooting Position from Five Directions.

One-Way Horizontal Position Target Game.

Participants play the game with the hoop media in a

horizontal position. Then, each participant shoots

from one direction or the area between the angles of

72 ° -108 °, from a 2-point area with a distance of 4-

5 meters.

Five-Way Horizontal Position Target Game.

Participants play the game with the hoop media in a

horizontal position. Then each student shoots from

five directions: between 0 ° -36 ° angles, 36 ° - 72 °

angles, 72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -144 ° angles and

144 ° -180 °angles. The shooting was done 10 times

divided by 2 sets from with a distance of 4-5 meters.

One-Way Vertical Position Target Game.

Participants play the game with the hoop media in a

vertical position. Then, each participant shoots from

one direction or the area between the angles of 72 ° -

108 °, from a 2-point area with a distance of 4-5

meters.

Five-Way Horizontal Position Target Game.

Participants play the game with the hoop media in a

vertical position. Then each student shoots from five

directions: between 0 ° -36 ° angles, 36 ° - 72 °

angles, 72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -144 ° angles and

144 ° -180 °angles. The shooting was done 10 times

divided by 2 sets from with a distance of 4-5 meters

3 METHOD

This research is conducted with the aims to produce

a study (treatment) as many as 16 times a meeting of

something to be discussed, this research was

conducted by Soegiardo (1991), by trying as many

as 16 times the meeting can already be discussed,

because there have been completed changes, for

example hypertrophy due to heavy lifting.

According to Sugiyono (2014), the experimental

method can be interpreted as a research method used

to search for certain studies against others under

controlled conditions. The purpose of this study was

to identify the effect of target training on the

participants’ shooting ability. The research design is

One Group Pretest and Posstest Design, namely

research that does not use a comparison group

before making preparations prior to the

implementation/ intervention given (Guntur, 2012).

Schematically, it can be written into formula 1

below

01 X 02 (1)

Notes: 01 = Pre-test using 5-way shooting 10

times from each angle. X = The group that is treated

with one-way horizontal position hoops, one-way

horizontal position hoops, one-way vertical hoops

target, and hoops vertical position of five directions.

02 = Post-test using 5-way shooting 10 times from

each angle.

Thus this experimental research was intended to

get a picture as it is about the effect of the target

training on the shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta.

To achieve the objectives of this study, it is

necessary to know in advance the research variables,

because the variables are something that will be the

object of research which play a role in the event to

be measured. According to Sugiyono (2014), the

definition of a variable is basically something which

is determined to be studied in order to obtain its

information. Meanwhile, according to Suryabrata

(2012), the term variable can be interpreted in

different ways. In this paper variables can be

interpreted as everything that will be the object of

research observation. While in this study there are 2

variables, namely: (1) Target Exercise (Independent

Variable), A definition of training according to

Irianto (2002) is a process to systematically prepare

the athletes’ condition to reach maximum

achievement. It is usually given regularly, and in

directed way to enhance the athletes’ physical and

mental condition. While the hoop target game is a

game which uses accuracy, foresight and speed by

making use of hoop media as a tool or means to

play. Therefore, it can be explained operationally

that the game of the hoop target is the systematic

process of training to achieve an improvement in the

quality of shooting movements to be better than it

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

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was before. This target game was carried out as

many as 16 meetings covering 4 types of exercises

namely: horizontal one-way horizontal, one-way

horizontal target position training exercise, one-way

vertical position hoop target exercise, five-way

vertical position limited hoop target exercise; (2)

Shooting Ability (Dependent Variable), The

operational shooting ability can be shown by the

ability of a child or basketball extracurricular

participant to put the ball into the basketball hoop

within 30 seconds. The shooting was done 10 times

divided by 2 sets done from 5 different directions, as

follows: between 0 ° -36 ° angles, 36 ° - 72 ° angles,

72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -144 ° angles and 144 ° -

180 ° angles respectively for each participant from

the 2-point area at a distance of 4-5 meters from the

basketball hoop.

According to Sugiyono (2013), population is an

area consisting of objects / subjects which have

certain qualities and characteristics to be studied and

then to draw conclusions. The population in this

study were basketball extracurricular participants of

SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, totalling 14 participants.

The instrument of this research was a test of

ability to shoot from different positions or angles

before and after being given treatment. This research

instrument is a type of experimental research using a

shooting test which in its implementation, the

shooting was carried out 10 times divide by 2 sets

done from 5 directions, namely: between 0 ° -36 °

angles, 36 ° - 72 ° angles, 72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -

144 ° angles and 144 ° -180 ° angles. Each

participant shot from the 2-point area with a distance

of 4-5 meters from the basketball hoop. The test

scores were obtained from the in balls only. Finally,

the score results on the test before being given

treatment will be compared to those after being

given treatment.

3.1 Data Collection Technique

Data collection techniques used in this study were

tests (tests of shooting as many as 10 times

opportunity from 5 different directions or areas,

namely: between 0 ° -36 ° angles, 36 ° - 72 ° angles,

72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -144 ° angles and 144 ° -

180 ° angles respectively for each participant from

the 2-point area at a distance of 4-5 meters from the

basketball hoop before and after being treated. There

are 2 types of data collected in this study.

Pre-test Collection Techniques, Pre-test data

were obtained by using a shooting test from 5

different directions; between 0 ° -36 ° angles, 36 ° -

72 ° angles, 72 ° -108 ° angles, 108 ° -144 ° angles

and 144 ° -180 ° angles, 10 times 2 from each angle.

There is also a sequence in getting research data as

follows: (1) Participant lined up into 2 lines sharing,

praying, getting explanation of training materials;

(2) Participants did warm up activities; (3)

Participants were divided into 2 groups and each

group conducted a series of shooting tests from five

angles 10 times 2 from each angle according to

instructions instructed by each participant (there

were 2 participants); (4) Participants conducted a

series of shooting tests from five angles using one

hand set shoot 10 times from each angle; (5) The in

balls are recorded by each participant (there were 2

participants); (6) After all participants did the

shooting, participants rested for approximately 5

minutes. (7) Then, they did the same pre-test with

the same plot; (8) After conducting the test, the

participants cooled down, lined up, evaluated and

prayed.

Post-test Collection Techniques, Post-test data

were obtained by using a shooting test from 5

different directions or areas, namely: between 0 ° -

36 ° angles, 36 ° - 72 ° angles, 72 ° -108 ° angles,

108 ° -144 ° angles and 144 ° -180 ° angles, 10 times

2 from each angle. There was also a sequence in

getting research data as follows: (1) Participants

lined up while sharing, praying, getting explanation

of training materials; (2) Participants did warming

up; (3) Participants were divided into 2 groups and

each group conducted a series of shooting tests from

five angles 10 times 2 from each angle according to

instructions instructed by each participant (there

were 2 participants); (4) Participants conducted a

series of shooting tests from five angles using one

hand set shoot 10 times from each angle; (5) The in

balls were recorded by each participant; (6)After all

participants did the shooting, participants rested for

approximately 5 minutes; (7) Then, they did the

same pre-test with the same plot; (8) After

conducting the test, the participants cooled down,

lined up, evaluated and prayed

3.2 Data Analysis Technique

In this study there are several steps to analyze the data,

namely:

a. Data Normality Test

According to (Sugiyono, 2013), the parametric

statistics work based on the assumption that the data of

each variable to be analysed, is based on a normal

distribution. For this reason, before the parametric

statistical techniques were used, the normality of the data

must be tested first.

Normality test is carried out to test whether or not the

data to be analysed is normal. The test depends on the

The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta

105

variable to be analysed, or to be processed. According to

Sugiyono (2013) data normality can be tested using Chi

Square. Furthermore, the data normality testing with Chi

Square is processed using SPSS 16 program. According to

Arisandi (2015), the data will be said to be normally

distributed if the calculated Chi Square value (X2 count) is

smaller than the Chi Square table (X2 table) at the level

significance α = 0.05. The sample normality was tested

using the formula suggested by Sugiyono (2013) as shown

in the formula 2 below.

𝐗

𝟐



∑



𝐟

𝟎

𝐟

𝐡



𝐟

𝐡

(2)

Note: X² = Chi square,

𝑓



= Frequency / amount of

observational data (based on the data obtained),

𝑓

ℎ

expected frequency / amount (percentage of area of each

field multiplied by n), f



f



= Difference 𝑓



with 𝑓



b. Homogeneity Test

Homogeneity test is used to determine the obtained

data were homogeneous or not. This

Homogeneity was

tested using the formula proposed by (Sugiyono

2013) as follows:

𝐅

 

 



(3)

Based on the results of the calculation is then

compared by looking at the value of table F, if

𝐹



greater than 𝐹



(𝐹



>𝐹



) then 𝐻



which states the difference

between the two groups was rejected. In other words the

two groups are not homogeneous. The significant level in

table F is 5% with F table = N largest -1 (numerator) and

smallest N -1 (denominator). If the 𝐹



is smaller than

𝐹



. 𝐹



(𝐹



< 𝐹



), then the variant of the

data can be concluded to be homogeneous.

a. Hypothesis Testing

After normality and homogeneity tests have been

carried out, to prove statistically whether a result can be

said to be significant or not, namely by means of a

different test (t-test), using the following formula

proposed by (Arikunto, 2002) as follows:

F𝑡 

∑



∑







(4)

Notes: Md= Mean Differences (( M 𝑋



– M 𝑋



) /

mean of the difference between the pre test and the post

test,

∑



= Number of squares of the deviation of the

mean difference, N = Subject in the sample, SD =

Standard deviation of crude numbers. Hypothesis criteria

are accepted if t count is greater than t table

(𝑡



> 𝑡



), but if t count is smaller than t table

(𝑡



< 𝑡



), the hypothesis is rejected, before the

results of 𝑡



are consulted with 𝑡



with a

significant level of 5%.

4 RESULT

This research was carried out in the basketball

extracurricular activities at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta

which was located on Jalan W.R. Monginsidi No.2

Yogyakarta. The pretest was conducted on Friday 13 May

2016 and the post-test was on 14 June 2016. The treatment

was carried out 16 times with a training frequency of four

times a week, on Mondays, Tuesdays, Fridays and

Saturdays. The subjects in this study were basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta.

The research data were collected using a close-range test

(two-point shoot) from five directions or positions. The in

ball will be given a point, while the out ball will be

counted zero, then added up, which becomes a pretest and

post-test. The results of the pretest and post-test were

compared after the athletes were given treatment using a

hoop target for 16 meetings. Thus, the data were obtained

when conducting close-up shooting tests (two-point

shootings) during the pre-test and post-test.

4.1 Data Distribution

The research that has been carried out aims at determining

the effect of the target exercise on increasing basketball

shooting ability of SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta

extracurricular participants. Then, the results of the pre-

test and post-test shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular basketball participants in SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta can be described in the following section.

The results of the study were described using

descriptive statistical analysis as follows. The conducted

pre-test resulted in a minimum value of 16, maximum

value of 31, average (mean) of 21.50, variant of 21.500,

with the standard deviation of 4.637. Meanwhile, the post-

test resulted in a minimum value of 18, maximum value of

34, mean of 24.93, variant of 18.841 with standard

deviation of 4,431. The research finding is presented in the

frequency distribution with the formula of searching for

many classes = 1 + 3.3 Log N; range = maximum value -

minimum value, and class length with the formula = range

/ many classes, (Sugiyono, 2013).

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

106

Table 1: Frequency Distribution of Shooting Ability of

Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta Pre-test.

No Interval Frequency Percentage

28 > 2

14,285

25 – 27 1

7,142

3 22 – 24 3 21,428

4 19 – 21 4 28,571

5 <18 4 28,571

Total 14 100

Table 2: Frequency Distribution of Shooting Ability of

Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta Post-test.

No Interval Frequency Persentage

31> 2

14,285

28 – 30 1

7,142

25 – 27 4

28,571

22 – 24 5

35,714

<21 2

14,285

Jumlah

100

4.2 Increased Percentage of Shooting

Ability

In the previous section, it is explained the descriptive

statistics of the shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3 Daerah

Istimewa Yogyakarta using the practice of target hoops.

To find out the magnitude of the improvement of the

participants’ shooting ability, the formula of increasing

percentage was used in this research. To find out the

percentage, then the following formula was implemented.

𝒆𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡

𝑋

100%

(5)

Note: mean difference is obtained from the difference

of post-test and pre-test mean. The mean of the pre-test

results was 21.50 while the posttest results’ mean was

24.93. After obtaining the pre-test and post-test mean

values, the increase percentage can be calculated as in the

following formula 6.

Known the average value of pre-test and post-test, the

increase in the percentage can be calculated as follows:

𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 

24,93  21,50

21,50

𝑋

100 %

𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡  15,95 %

(6)

The results’ enhancement was calculated in the

percentage of 15.95%. This can be interpreted that the

practice done using the hoop target game can improve the

shooting ability of basketball extracurricular participants

of SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta.

4.3 Data Analysis

The data analysis is used to answer the hypotheses that

have been proposed in the previous chapter. The

conducted analysis tests included the normality test,

homogeneity test and hypothesis test (t test). The results of

the normality test, homogeneity test and t test can be seen

in table 3.

Table 3: Normality Test Results.

𝓧

table

𝓧

Value

P Information

Pre-

test

10 16.919 1.714 998 Normal

Post-

test

9 18.307 3.143 958 Normal

The results in table 5 above describe that the shooting

ability pre-test resulted in 𝓧2value (1.714) <𝓧2table

(16.919), so it can be concluded that the pre-test data on

the participants, shooting ability were normally

distributed. The post-test results were also considered

normally distributed since the value 𝓧2(3.143) <𝓧2table

(18.307)

4.3.1 Homogeneity Test

Based on the conducted homogeneity test, it can be

concluded that the variant is homogeneous since the

obtained F value (1.47) <F table (4.67).

4.3.2 T test

T test in this study is intended to answer the hypotheses

which have been proposed. This testing was done to

determine the acceptance or rejection of the proposed

hypotheses. This testing was done using t-test (paired

sample t test) at a significant level of 5%.

The data analysis resulted in the value of t count

(4.593)> t table (1.771), and p value (0.001) <of 0.05.

These results indicate that the value of t count is greater

than t table. These results mean that the research

hypotheses were accepted, so that it can be concluded

"there is an influence between the five-way hoop target

training exercises on the shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta".

The Effect of Five-way Hoops Target Exercise Training on Basketball Ability of Basketball Extracurricular Participants at SMK Negeri 3

Yogyakarta

107

5 DISCUSSION

Basketball game is a type of games played by two teams

consisting of five players for each and has the goal to win

the match by finding as many points as possible by getting

the ball into the opponent's ring and preventing the

opponent's ball from getting into his own ring. In this

game, to be able to find a lot of points, the players must be

able to master the shooting techniques well.

Shooting is one of the efforts to put the ball into the

ring by the players to get points in the basketball game.

However, shooting requires a good level of accuracy in

order to put the ball into the ring as many as possible so

that a lot of points can be gained.

Because shooting is one of the most important basic

techniques in basketball, this research intended to improve

shooting skills through the practice of five-way hoops

target. The analysis on the collected data resulted in the t

count value (4.593)> t table (1.771), and p value (0.001)

<of 0.05. These results indicate that the calculated t value

was greater than the t table which meant that the

hypotheses were accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded

"there is an influence between the implementation of five-

way hoops target on the shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta".

Furthermore, the research findings also indicated that

shooting practice using the target exercise can affect the

ability to shoot. The effect could be shown by the positive

results with an increase of 15.95%. By applying this target

practice, the extracurricular participants were trained to

shoot with a large number of repetitions. As a result, their

accuracy will be improved progressively.

According to Pambudi (2010), five-way hoops target

is one of the game classifications in TGFU (Teaching

Games for Understanding) which has different

characteristics compared to the other forms of

classifications. This game will be highly determined by

the own ability of each player. This needs the players’

accuracy and foresight without any interference from other

parties, i.e. from the opponents. For the players deal with

their accuracy and foresight, this target game was

conducted by using the hoop media as a tool or means to

play.

The implementation of this target game in this case

aimed at increasing the level of accuracy and foresight.

Indirectly, by using this target training exercise,

participants were required to shoot with a lot of repetitions

so that they became accustomed to progressively improve

their speed and accuracy. Moreover, the use of the hoop as

a target training medium with a larger diameter compared

to the ring improved the participants’ ball feeling when

shooting with a large number of repetitions. For this, the

shooting ability of students was expected to enhance.

6 CONCLUSION

Based on the research findings and discussions, some

conclusions can be drawn as follows:

The data analysis and hypothesis testing resulted in the

value of t arithmetic (4.593)> t table (1.771), and p value

(0.001) <of 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there

is an influence between the five-way hoops target on the

shooting ability of basketball extracurricular participants

at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. The research Ho was

rejected and Ha was accepted, that is, there was an

influence between the five-way hoops target training

exercises on the shooting ability of basketball

extracurricular participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta.

Besides knowing the effect of the training on the

ability to influence between the practice of target hoisting

game on the shooting ability of basketball extracurricular

participants at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, this can be used

as a guide for coaches in order to improve the quality of

players to achieve desired achievements.

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